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Road traffic elements are important components of roads and the main elements of structuring basic traffic geographic information databases. However, the following problems still exist in the detection and recognition of road traffic elements: dense elements, poor detection effect of multi-scale objects, and small objects being easily affected by occlusion factors. Therefore, an adaptive spatial feature fusion (ASFF) YOLOv5 network (ASFF-YOLOv5) was proposed for the automatic recognition and detection of multiple multiscale road traffic elements. First, the K-means++ algorithm was used to make clustering statistics on the range of multiscale road traffic elements, and the size of the candidate box suitable for the dataset was obtained. Then, a spatial pyramid pooling fast (SPPF) structure was used to improve the classification accuracy and speed while achieving richer feature information extraction. An ASFF strategy based on a receptive field block (RFB) was proposed to improve the feature scale invariance and enhance the detection effect of small objects. Finally, the experimental effect was evaluated by calculating the mean average precision (mAP). Experimental results showed that the mAP value of the proposed method was 93.1%, which is 19.2% higher than that of the original YOLOv5 model.

This study reveals the impact of digital maturities on customer relationship management (CRM) performance in automotive industries. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) approach is employed to evaluate CRM performance across two enterprise cohorts exhibiting varying levels of digital maturities. Empirical results demonstrate that the application of digital technologies has a significant impact on CRM, but there are not significant disparities in the final FCE grades between two groups, underlying the strategic importance of digital technologies for business to maintain sustainable innovation. However, the first-class index “Increase Customer Satisfaction” is rated as rank “Excellent” in AAA-level certified enterprises while “Good” rank is rated for AA-level&below certified enterprises, this indicates the existence of misalignment between advanced information systems&tools and immature business processes in enterprises with lower digital maturities. Practical implications for policy makers include the promotion of digital maturity assessment before introducing universal digital platforms. For practitioners, it is imperative to have a business process maturity assessment prior to significant digital platform investments. Highlights The impact of digital maturities on CRM performance is investigated. A FCE approach is applied to assess the CRM performance. CRM performance in Automobile firms with different digital maturitiesare separately evaluated. Digital technologies have significant impact on CRM. The misalignment between advanced information systems&tools and immature business processes exists in enterprises with lower digital maturities.

To identify the role of digital skill in the skill-biased technological changes caused by artificial intelligence, this study estimates the impacts of displacement risk on occupational wage and employment and examines the moderation effects of digital skill through the occupational data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics through the methods of fixed-effects modeling, heterogeneity analyzing and moderation effect testing. The results highlight three main points that (1) the displacement risk by artificial intelligence has significantly negative effects on occupational wage and employment, (2) the heterogeneous effects across occupational characteristics are significant, and (3) the digital skill exerts a significant moderation effect to protect against displacement risk. The core policy implication is suggested to emphasize digital skill in education and training across occupations to accommodate job requirements in the future.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is ineffective against deeply seated metastatic tumors due to poor penetration of the excitation light. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoreactor (bio-NR) to achieve synergistic chemiexcited photodynamic-starvation therapy against tumor metastasis. Photosensitizers on the hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) are excited by chemical energy in situ of the deep metastatic tumor to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for PDT, and glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Remarkably, this process not only blocks the nutrient supply for starvation therapy but also provides H 2 O 2 to synergistically enhance PDT. Cancer cell membrane coating endows the nanoparticle with biological properties of homologous adhesion and immune escape. Thus, bio-NRs can effectively convert the glucose into 1 O 2 in metastatic tumors. The excellent therapeutic effects of bio-NRs in vitro and in vivo indicate their great potential for cancer metastasis therapy. Photodynamic therapy is usually ineffective against deeply seated metastatic tumors due to poor penetration of the excitation light. Here, the authors design a biomimetic nanoreactor which can convert nutriment glucose into toxic singlet oxygen via chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer with no light excitation and demonstrate its high efficacy in a mouse lung metastatic model.

Rapid urbanisation in China has led to a substantial decrease in agricultural land. To address this unsustainable form of urban development, the Chinese government has implemented the ‘Linkage’ Policy (Zengjian Guagou), which requires any increase in new urban land by local governments to be compensated for with an equivalent amount of new arable land. This paper examines the institutional changes and the implications for China’s land production and development arising from this mechanism of transferring land development rights from the rural to the urban sectors. Using Chengdu as a case study, our research concludes that this institutional mechanism has conferred commodified and tradeable development rights on rural land, leading to the emergence and direct involvement of new players in village land consolidation, resettlement of affected villagers and, indirectly, in the supply of new urban land. Process efficiency has been improved with the local governments, developers and village collectives capitalising on their niches in village improvement projects. The conventional state-led model of land production is enriched with bottom-up market initiatives, and villagers have more choices to realise their land property rights under the dual land market. Land use efficiency has been enhanced by the reallocation of construction land potential. However, infringements of villagers’ interests and negative impacts on balanced regional development under this policy were also found. 中国城市化的快速发展导致了农业用地的大幅减少。为了应对这种不可持续的城市发展形式，中国政府实施了“增减挂钩”政策，它要求地方政府在增加新城市土地的同时用同等数量的新耕地进行补偿。本文考察了这种土地发展权从农村向城市转移的机制，以及该制度变迁对中国土地生产和开发所产生的影响。以成都为例，我们的研究得出以下结论：这种制度设计赋予了农村土地商品化的、可交易的发展权，致使新的参与者出现并直接参与乡村土地整理、受影响村民的重新安置，并使他们间接参与到新的城市土地供应中。地方政府、开发商和村集体利用其各自在村庄发展项目中的优势提高了过程效率。传统的国家主导型土地生产模式因融合了自下而上的市场主动性而更为丰富，村民在二元土地市场下拥有了更多的选择以实现其土地产权。通过重新分配建设用地潜力，土地利用效率也得以提高。然而，在这一政策下，也出现了侵犯村民利益的现象和对区域均衡发展所产生的负面影响。

Seawater electroreduction is attractive for future H 2 production and intermittent energy storage, which has been hindered by aggressive Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ precipitation at cathodes and consequent poor stability. Here we present a vital microscopic bubble/precipitate traffic system (MBPTS) by constructing honeycomb-type 3D cathodes for robust anti-precipitation seawater reduction (SR), which massively/uniformly release small-sized H 2 bubbles to almost every corner of the cathode to repel Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ precipitates without a break. Noticeably, the optimal cathode with built-in MBPTS not only enables state-of-the-art alkaline SR performance (1000-h stable operation at –1 A cm −2 ) but also is highly specialized in catalytically splitting natural seawater into H 2 with the greatest anti-precipitation ability. Low precipitation amounts after prolonged tests under large current densities reflect genuine efficacy by our MBPTS. Additionally, a flow-type electrolyzer based on our optimal cathode stably functions at industrially-relevant 500 mA cm −2 for 150 h in natural seawater while unwaveringly sustaining near-100% H 2 Faradic efficiency. Note that the estimated price (~1.8 US$/kg H2 ) is even cheaper than the US Department of Energy’s goal price (2 US$/kg H2 ). Seawater electroreduction is a promising technique for producing hydrogen, but it is hindered by cathodic Mg2 + /Ca2+ precipitation. Here, the authors propose a microscopic bubble/precipitate traffic system that releases small-sized bubbles across the cathode to repel Mg2 + /Ca2+ precipitates from almost the entire surface area of the catalyst.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a female pregnancy-specific disorder that is characterized by increased serum bile acid and adverse fetal outcomes. The aetiology and mechanism of ICP are poorly understood; thus, existing therapies have been largely empiric. Here we show that the gut microbiome differed significantly between individuals with ICP and healthy pregnant women, and that colonization with gut microbiome from ICP patients was sufficient to induce cholestasis in mice. The gut microbiomes of ICP patients were primarily characterized by Bacteroides fragilis ( B. fragilis ), and B. fragilis was able to promote ICP by inhibiting FXR signaling via its BSH activity to modulate bile acid metabolism. B. fragilis -mediated FXR signaling inhibition was responsible for excessive bile acid synthesis and interrupted hepatic bile excretion to ultimately promote the initiation of ICP. We propose that modulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis may be of value for ICP treatment. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that sometimes develops during pregnancy and is characterized by increased serum bile acid levels. Here the authors report that the gut microbiome species B. fragilis is enriched in patients with ICP and promotes ICP development in mice via inhibition of signalling though the bile acid receptor FXR.

Seawater electrolysis driven by offshore renewable energy is a promising avenue for large-scale hydrogen production but faces challenges in designing robust anodes that suppress surface chlorine reactions and corrosion at high current densities. Here we report a strategy by selectively docking PW 12 -polyoxometalate (PW 12 -POM) onto Fe sites of CoFe hydroxide anode to modulate the electronic structure of adjacent Co active centers and regulate Cl⁻/OH⁻ adsorption for efficient alkaline seawater oxidation. Our CoFe-based anode achieves low overpotentials, high catalytic selectivity, and notable durability, with continuous operation at 1 A cm⁻² for over 1300 hours and at 2 A cm⁻² more than 600 hours. Theoretical calculations and ex situ/in situ analyses reveal that PW 12 -POM coordination at Fe sites stabilizes Fe, suppresses its leaching, modulates Co acidity, promotes OH⁻ adsorption, and protects metal sites from Cl⁻ corrosion. Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces challenges in creating robust anodes that resist corrosion. Here, the authors report a PW 12 -polyoxometalate-modified CoFe hydroxide anode that achieves selective and durable seawater oxidation over 1300 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique (MTInSAR) has emerged as a valuable tool for measuring ground motion in a wide area. However, interpreting displacement time series and identifying dangerous signals from millions of InSAR coherent targets is challenging. In this study, we propose a method combining stacked autoencoder (SAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify InSAR time series and ease the interpretation of movements. The InSAR time series are classified into five categories, including stable, linear, accelerating, deceleration, and phase unwrapping error (PUE). The accuracy of labeled samples reaches 95.1%, reflecting the performance of the proposed method. This method was applied to the InSAR results for Kunming extracted from 171 ascending Sentinel-1 images from January 2017 to September 2022. The classification map of the InSAR time series shows that stable coherent points dominate around 79.28% of the area, with linear patterns at 10.70%, decelerating at 5.30%, accelerating at 4.72%, and PUE patterns at 3.60%. The results demonstrate that this method can distinguish different ground motion features and detect nonlinear deformation signals on a large scale without human intervention.

Atmospheric environmental assessment has emerged as a prominent area of research due to global climate change and regional atmospheric pollution issues. Accurate evaluation of atmospheric environmental vulnerability characteristics and understanding driving mechanisms are crucial for effective air pollution monitoring and prevention. This study focuses on the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and employs the Vulnerability-Scoping-Diagram (VSD) model framework to establish an index system for assessing atmospheric environmental vulnerability based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, combining the entropy value method and adopts Geographic Information System (GIS) for the time change and spatial evolution analysis, and finally utilizing the factor detection and interaction in Geodetector to explore the contribution degree of each driving factor of atmospheric environmental vulnerability and the exchange of influencing factors. The findings of this research are as follows: Firstly, the sensitivity index and resilience index of the atmospheric environment of the PRD exhibit an overall upward trend with fluctuations, while the exposure index demonstrates a pattern of initial increase, followed by a decrease, and subsequent increase with significant interannual variability. Secondly, the atmospheric environment vulnerability level of the PRD is primarily categorized as low and mild, with a negligible proportion of moderate vulnerability and no instances of severe or extreme vulnerability. The vulnerability index shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline from 2016 to 2020, indicating an overall improvement in the region’s atmospheric environment. Thirdly, notable variations exist in the atmospheric environment vulnerability indices among the nine cities in the PRD, in which moderate vulnerability and low vulnerability are mainly concentrated in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Dongguan in the central part of the PRD. lower vulnerability is primarily observed in the eastern and western regions of the PRD characterized by favorable natural environments and limited human interference, such as Huizhou, Zhaoqing, and Zhuhai. Finally, the atmospheric environment vulnerability of the PRD is the result of the combined effect of various driving factors, among which the urban built-up area, PM2.5 concentration, SO2 concentration, population density and the share of tertiary industry in GDP are the key drivers.