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Pipe systems are broadly used in modern buildings and large transportation vehicles. The reduction of noise from pipes is one of the main concerns in their engineering applications. In this paper, the reduction of the radiated noise from pipes is studied experimentally using various attached structures. An experimental system is constructed in an anechoic room. Three types of attached structures are considered, including foam coatings, distributed absorbers and periodic absorbers. Via the comparison of basic pipe and pipes with different noise control designs, the reduction effects from the attached structures are compared and analysed. The results show that the radiated noise is effectively reduced by the foam coatings and distributed absorbers, especially, at most of the peaks of the noise. The distributed absorbers reduce the noise more on the whole. The low frequency peaks (below 200Hz) of the noise are reduced most by the periodic absorbers. Via the proper design of the structure types and corresponding parameters, the low frequency property, the broadband property and the reduction amplitude will be obviously enhanced.

CRISPR diagnostics are effective but suffer from low signal transduction efficiency, limited sensitivity, and poor stability due to their reliance on the trans-cleavage of single-stranded nucleic acid fluorescent reporters. Here, we present CrisprAIE, which integrates CRISPR/Cas reactions with “one to more” aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) lighting-up fluorescence generated by the trans-cleavage of Cas proteins to AIEgen-incorporated double-stranded DNA labeled with single-stranded nucleic acid linkers and Black Hole Quencher groups at both ends (Q-dsDNA/AIEgens-Q). CrisprAIE demonstrates superior performance in the clinical nucleic acid detection of norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 regardless of amplification. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of CrisprAIE is further enhanced by integrating it with spherical nucleic acid-modified AIEgens (SNA/AIEgens) and a portable cellphone-based readout device. The improved CrisprAIE system, utilizing Q-dsDNA/AIEgen-Q and SNA/AIEgen reporters, exhibits approximately 80- and 270-fold improvements in sensitivity, respectively, compared to conventional CRISPR-based diagnostics. We believe CrisprAIE can be readily extended as a universal signal generation strategy to significantly enhance the detection efficiency of almost all existing CRISPR-based diagnostics. Current CRISPR diagnostic approaches can be hampered by several limitations, including low signal transduction efficiency and limited sensitivity. Here, the authors present CrisprAIE, an approach based on CRISPR/Cas-mediated “one to more” lighting-up nucleic acid detection using aggregation-induced emission luminogens.

Purpose To quantitatively analyze the structural changes of the knee in patients with neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies comparing the morphological parameters of the knee between DDH patients and healthy individuals. Data on rotational and mechanical parameters of the lower limb, rate of occasional anterior knee pain (AKP), and knee morphological parameters, were extracted. Review Manager and R statistic software were used to perform the statistical analysis. Results Nine studies with a total of 790 legs in 521 neglected DDH patients and 431 legs in 303 health subjects were included. Patients were predominantly female (88.3%). The Crowe classification is most commonly used to assess the severity of DDH. The total incidence of occasional AKP ranged from 8.6 to 20.6%, with an overall pooled rate of 14.4% (95%CI = 9.8–19.8%). In patients with neglected DDH, significant increases ( P  < 0.0001) were observed in femoral anteversion (weighted mean: 39.1° vs. 17.7°), knee torsion (weighted mean: 9.0° vs. 1.6°), and the vertical dimension of the medial femoral condyle (weighted mean: 13.8 mm vs. 11.6 mm), along with a significant decrease in the lateral distal femoral angle (weighted mean: 82.1° vs. 84.8°), which can lead to torsion deformity of the lower limb and valgus inclination of the distal femoral articular surface. Compared with the intact subjects, DDH knees demonstrated an increased sulcus angle (weighted mean: 144.9° vs. 137.5°; P  < 0.0001), decreased trochlear depth (weighted mean: 3.1 mm vs. 4.5 mm; P  < 0.0001), increased lateral shift of the patella (5.1 mm vs. 3.8 mm, P  = 0.06), and increased patellar tilt angle (weighted mean: 18.2° vs. 13.2°; P  < 0.0001). These findings were associated with developmental dysplasia of femoral trochlear and patellar instability. Conclusion Developmental dysplasia of the hip leads to patellar malalignment and developmental changes in the bony anatomy of the knee joint, including the development of a valgus deformity of the lower extremity and trochlear dysplasia. These findings may be associated with patellar instability. Level of evidence III, systematic review. Registration This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42025640292).

Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs), including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease, and sarcopenia, present major challenges in the aging population. Patients with DMDs present with pain, functional decline, and reduced exercise tolerance, which result in long‐term or permanent deficits in their ability to perform daily activities. Current strategies for dealing with this cluster of diseases focus on relieving pain, but they have a limited capacity to repair function or regenerate tissue. Cell‐based therapies have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique mechanisms of action and remarkable effects on regeneration. In this review, current experimental attempts to use cell‐based therapies for DMDs are highlighted, and the modes of action of different cell types and their derivatives, such as exosomes, are generalized. In addition, the latest findings from state‐of‐the‐art clinical trials are reviewed, approaches to improve the efficiency of cell‐based therapies are summarized, and unresolved questions and potential future research directions for the translation of cell‐based therapies are identified. Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs) pose a serious challenge to the elderly. In this review, the latest results from state‐of‐the‐art basic and clinical research are summarized to illustrate the great potential of cell‐based therapies in the treatment of DMDs. Furthermore, this work highlights the unresolved questions for the translation of cell‐based therapies and points out future research directions.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to focus on the most popular winter sports programs, and to investigate the global research status and trends in sports-related injuries. Methods: The Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database was chosen as original data and used for extracting publications on ice and snow sports injuries on 18 February 2022. Articles published in English between 1995 to 2022 were selected for this study. Results: Finally, for the topic search, a sum of 1605 articles were extracted and used for further analysis. The country and journal ranked first—in terms of total number, total citations and the highest H-index of publications—were the USA and American Journal of Sports Medicine, respectively. The affiliation with the most cited publications was the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. The most influential first author with the most citations (2537 times), the greatest average citations per article (65.05 times) and the highest H-index (26) was Bahr R. Articles were divided into five main clusters based on keyword analysis: injuries study, head and neck damage study, risk study, therapy study and epidemiology study. Studies related to epidemiology and brain damage in ice and snow sports will continue to be research hot topics. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicates that the ice and snow sports injuries research domain is more prevalent in North America and Europe. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of ice and snow sports injuries and provides hotspot directions.

Background/Aims: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is mainly induced by inflammation and unstable intracellular ions, is a major negative consequence of surgery that compromises hepatic function. However, the exact mechanisms of liver I/R injury have not been determined. Positive crosstalk with the Ca2+/CaMKII pathway is required for complete activation of the TLR4 pathway and inflammation. We previously found that miR-148a, which decreased in abundance with increasing reperfusion time, targeted and repressed the expression of CaMKIIα. In the present study, we examined the role of the miR-148a machinery in I/R-induced Ca2+/CaMKII and TLR4 signaling changes, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Liver function was evaluated by serum aminotransferase levels and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and western blot. Small interfering RNA was used to silence target gene expression. HE staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling were used to measure hepatic tissue apoptosis. These assays were performed to identify factors upregulated in hepatic I/R injury and downregulated by miR-148a. Results: We manifested that expression of CaMKIIα and phosphorylation of TAK1 and IRF3 were elevated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated primary Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver tissue of I/R-treated mice, but these effects were attenuated by treatment with miR-148a mimic and were accompanied by the alleviation of liver dysfunction and hepatocellular apoptosis. Luciferase reporter experiments showed that miR148a suppressed luciferase activity by almost 60%. Moreover, knockdown of CaMKIIα in H/R KCs led to significant deficiencies in p-TAK1, P-IRF3, IL-6, and TNF-α, which was consistent with the effects of miR-148a overexpression. Otherwise, the same trend of activation of TAK1 and IRF3 and inflammatory factors in vitro was observed in the siTAK1 + siIRF3 group compared with the siCaMKIIα group. Conclusion: Taken together, we conclude that miR-148a may mitigate hepatic I/R injury by ameliorating TLR4-mediated inflammation via targeting CaMKIIα in vitro and in vivo.

Objective The mechanical high modulus structure of the proximal femur could guide clinical surgical treatment and instrument design of proximal femoral fractures. The purpose of this study is to analyze and verify the mechanical structure of the proximal femur. Methods A total of 375 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were imaged using computed tomography (CT) scans. Patients were grouped according to age and sex. Cortical and medullary cavity parameters (cortical thickness [CTh], cortical mean density [CM], upper‐lower diameter length [ULL], and medial‐lateral diameter length [MLL]) were measured at eight planes. Six proximal femoral finite element models of different sexes and ages were constructed. To verify the measurement results, Abaqus was used to implement the force load to describe the von Mises stress distribution, and the maximum von Mises stress values of each wall of the proximal femur were compared. Results The CTh values of the lower and upper walls were higher than those of the anterior and posterior walls of the femoral neck (p < 0.05). The CM values of the lower and upper walls were higher than those of the anterior and posterior walls of the subcephalic and middle femoral neck (p < 0.05). The ULL value gradually increased from the subcephalic region to the bottom (p < 0.05). The CTh and CM values of the medial and lateral walls were higher than those of the anterior and posterior walls in the femoral trochanteric region (p < 0.05). The MLL value decreased gradually from the plane 20 mm above the upper edge to that 20 mm below the vertex of the femoral lesser trochanter (p < 0.05). The von Mises stress was concentrated on the upper and lower walls of the femoral neck and on the medial and lateral walls of the femoral trochanteric region. The maximum von Mises stress values of the upper and lower walls were higher than those of the anterior and posterior walls of the femoral neck. The maximum von Mises stress values of the medial and lateral walls were higher than those of the anterior and posterior walls in the femoral trochanteric region, except for the plane 20 mm above the upper edge of the femoral lesser trochanter. Conclusion The bone mass of the proximal femur presented a triangular high‐modulus distribution, which bore the main stress of the proximal femur. The triangular mechanical structure provides a guideline for the surgical strategy and instrument design of the proximal femur. Results of the anatomic measurements confirmed that cortical bone varied dramatically across cross‐section, with prominent cortical thickening, densifying and triangular convergence at the upper, medial, and lateral walls of the proximal femur. Finite element analysis verified the measurement results. Thus, a triangular mechanical structure exists in the proximal femur.

BaTiO3, as one of the most important functional materials of perovskite structure, is widely used in the electronic industry. However, the dielectric permittivity of BaTiO3 remains relatively low, which greatly limits its practical application in metamaterials with colossal dielectric permittivity. In this work, (Ba100−xSrx)(Ti100−yZry)O3 composite ceramics are fabricated via the solid sintering method. Surprisingly, the dielectric properties of (Ba100−xSrx)(Ti100−yZry)O3 composite ceramic materials are strongly dependent on the occupancy of Sr2+ and Zr4+ at the A-sites and B-sites, respectively. Consequently, via adjusting the doping amount of SrTiO3 and BaZrO3, a greatly enhanced dielectric permittivity of 28287 (65 °C, 1 kHz), along with a high breakdown strength of 84.47 kV/cm is achieved in (Ba90Sr10)(Ti90Zr10)O3 composite ceramics, which are 2144% and 13 % higher than those of (Ba99Sr1)(Ti99Zr1)O3 composite ceramics, respectively. Moreover, the reasons for the significant increase in dielectric permittivity are identified through finite element simulations, and the breakdown mechanism of composite ceramic materials is explored. This work provides a facile approach to constructing high dielectric permittivity composite ceramics, the (Ba100−xSrx)(Ti100−yZry)O3 composite ceramics have broad application prospects in electronics and electrostatic energy storage capacitors.

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors regulate plant growth and development and response to various stresses. However, there is still limited insight into the NAC family in Chimonanthus praecox. This study performed a genome-wide characterization of the NAC transcription factor family members in C. praecox. A total of 105 NAC family members were identified from the C. praecox genome. The phylogenetic tree categorized the CpNACs into nine groups and the accuracy of this classification was confirmed by the analysis results of conserved motifs, conserved domain, and gene structure. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that the promoters of CpNACs were abundant in elements responsive to various hormones and stresses, implying the functional diversity and complexity of CpNACs. Furthermore, we investigated the function of the CpNAC30. The expression level of CpNAC30 could be significantly induced by abiotic stress and the CpNAC30 was the highest expressed in mature leaves of C. praecox. Overexpression of CpNAC30 reduced salt stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, the drought stress tolerance of transgenic plants was enhanced. This study lays a foundation for further understanding the function of CpNACs genes and provides insights for abiotic stress tolerance breeding of C. praecox and other woody plants.

PurposeTo perform quantitative measurements of the anatomic morphology of the proximal ulna and establish the morphologic references based on Chinese for the surgical protocol and implant design.MethodsThe computed tomography data of 156 upper extremities were involved in this study. The ulna model was reconstructed in Mimics. Ten distance and 6 angle parameters were measured by 4 independent investigators with a new quantitative measurement method. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the measuring reliability. Gender and side differences of measured parameters were evaluated.ResultsMeasurements showed a mean coronoid height of 15 mm, which was 42% of ulnar height with gender-specific differences (mean 16 mm in men and 14 mm in women, P < 0.001). A mean unsupported anteromedial facet width of 8 mm was 61% of the coronoid anteromedial facet. A larger opening angle correlates to a larger olecranon-diaphysis angle (P < 0.001) and larger coronoid height (P = 0.001). A mean proximal ulna dorsal angulation of 4.7° is present in 80% of models at an average of 52 mm distal to olecranon tip. The average proximal ulna varus angulation was 16° at a mean of 74 mm distal to the olecranon tip. Morphological features between the left and right sides were highly consistent. The ICC was between 0.789 and 0.978 for inter-observer and between 0.696 and 0.997 for intra-observer reliability.ConclusionsThe proximal ulna features variable morphology but minor side differences among individuals. Over half of the anteromedial facet was not supported by the proximal ulnar diaphysis, making the coronoid vulnerable to elbow trauma. Preconditioning or customized design of the ulnar plate in the clinical setting with the help of contralateral morphology may be a good choice.