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"Tang, Feng"
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Comprehensive search for topological materials using symmetry indicators
Over the past decade, topological materials—in which the topology of electron bands in the bulk material leads to robust, unconventional surface states and electromagnetism—have attracted much attention. Although several theoretically proposed topological materials have been experimentally confirmed, extensive experimental exploration of topological properties, as well as applications in realistic devices, has been restricted by the lack of topological materials in which interference from trivial Fermi surface states is minimized. Here we apply our method of symmetry indicators to all suitable nonmagnetic compounds in all 230 possible space groups. A database search reveals thousands of candidate topological materials, of which we highlight 241 topological insulators and 142 topological crystalline insulators that have either noticeable full bandgaps or a considerable direct gap together with small trivial Fermi pockets. Furthermore, we list 692 topological semimetals that have band crossing points located near the Fermi level. These candidate materials open up the possibility of using topological materials in next-generation electronic devices.
An algorithm based on symmetry indicators is used to search a crystallographic database and finds thousands of candidate topological materials, which could be exploited in next-generation electronic devices.
Journal Article
Deterministic realization of collective measurements via photonic quantum walks
Collective measurements on identically prepared quantum systems can extract more information than local measurements, thereby enhancing information-processing efficiency. Although this nonclassical phenomenon has been known for two decades, it has remained a challenging task to demonstrate the advantage of collective measurements in experiments. Here, we introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks. Using photonic quantum walks, we realize experimentally an optimized collective measurement with fidelity 0.9946 without post selection. As an application, we achieve the highest tomographic efficiency in qubit state tomography to date. Our work offers an effective recipe for beating the precision limit of local measurements in quantum state tomography and metrology. In addition, our study opens an avenue for harvesting the power of collective measurements in quantum information-processing and for exploring the intriguing physics behind this power.
Demonstrating the advantage of collective measurements in experiments remains a daunting task. Here the authors introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks.
Journal Article
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds
Aromatic azo compounds have -N=N- double bonds as well as a larger π electron conjugation system, which endows aromatic azo compounds with wide applications in the fields of functional materials. The properties of aromatic azo compounds are closely related to the substituents on their aromatic rings. However, traditional synthesis methods, such as the coupling of diazo salts, have a significant limitation with respect to the structural design of aromatic azo compounds. Therefore, many scientists have devoted their efforts to developing new synthetic methods. Moreover, recent advances in the synthesis of aromatic azo compounds have led to improvements in the design and preparation of light-response materials at the molecular level. This review summarizes the important synthetic progress of aromatic azo compounds in recent years, with an emphasis on the pioneering contribution of functional nanomaterials to the field.
Journal Article
Efficient topological materials discovery using symmetry indicators
Although the richness of spatial symmetries has led to a rapidly expanding inventory of possible topological crystalline (TC) phases of electrons, physical realizations have been slow to materialize due to the practical difficulty in ascertaining band topology in realistic calculations. Here, we integrate the recently established theory of symmetry indicators of band topology into first-principles band-structure calculations, and test it on a database of previously synthesized crystals. On applying our algorithm to just 8 out of the 230 space groups, we are able to efficiently unearth topological materials and predict a diversity of topological phenomena, including: a screw-protected three-dimensional TC insulator, β-MoTe2, with gapped surfaces except for one-dimensional helical hinge states; a rotation-protected TC insulator, BiBr, with coexisting surface Dirac cones and hinge states; non-centrosymmetric Z2 topological insulators undetectable using the well-established parity criterion, AgXO (X = Na, K, Rb); a Dirac semimetal MgBi2O6; a Dirac nodal-line semimetal AgF2; and a metal with three-fold degenerate band crossing near the Fermi energy, AuLiMgSn. Our work showcases how recent theoretical insights into the fundamentals of band structures can aid in the practical goal of discovering new topological materials.Symmetry labels of materials under certain space groups can be used to indicate their band topology. Integrating that into first-principles band-structure calculations, new topological materials with a diversity of topological phenomena are discovered.
Journal Article
QingBai decoction regulates intestinal permeability of dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis through the modulation of notch and NF‐κB signalling
Objective Chinese Herb QingBai decoction (QBD) has been approved affective in the treatment of IBD patients in clinic. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of QBD on the mouse model of ulcerative colitis and its possible mechanism. Methods C57/bL mice were given 5% DSS to induce colitis and were divided as QBD and mesalazine group. Weight, faeces and mental status were recorded each day and the histopathological changes (goblet cells etc) of the colon were observed after sacrificed. Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran 4000 was measured to reflect the intestinal mucosal permeability. In addition, cell junction‐related proteins and possible signal pathways were investigated. Results QingBai decoction could significantly alleviate the inflammation and the protection effect of colitis is comparable as those in mesalazine enema group. It was found that the permeability reduced significantly with QBD treatment vs the control group, while no significant difference between the mesalazine and QBD groups. QBD treatment could upregulate the expression of tight junction complex（ZO‐1, claudin‐1 and occludin）and muc‐2 expression. It significantly reduced the production and secretion of serials proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, Kc and TNF‐α) compared with the control group. Meanwhile, NF‐κB and Notch pathways were regulated. Conclusion QingBai decoction can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier function in colitis mice, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cascade as well as enhanced mucus layer barrier and mechanical barrier function by NF‐κB and Notch signalling.
Journal Article
Curcumin ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulation of SIRT1 in a rat model
Objectives
The ability of curcumin to activate SIRT1 and thereby promote autophagy and inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between curcumin and SIRT1 activation in relation to autophagy and ERS in COPD.
Methods
We developed a rat COPD model by cigarette smoke exposure, and divided the rats into control, COPD, COPD + low-dose curcumin (50 mg/kg), COPD + medium-dose curcumin (100 mg/kg), COPD + high-dose curcumin (150 mg/kg), and COPD + high-dose curcumin + sirtinol (2 mM, 30 μL/kg) groups. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. SIRT1 gene and protein expression, and protein expression of autophagy-related genes LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1, and ERS-related genes CHOP and GRP78 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot.
Results
SIRT1, LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1 expression were significantly decreased and CHOP and GRP78 were enhanced in COPD compared with control rats. Curcumin increased the expression of SIRT1, LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1 and decreased the expression of CHOP and GRP78 in COPD rats. The alleviating effects of curcumin on COPD in the SIRT1-inhibition group were reversed by suppressing LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1 and increasing CHOP and GRP78.
Conclusion
Curcumin might alleviate COPD by promoting autophagy and inhibiting ERS through SIRT1 activation.
Journal Article
The Potential for Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Workplace Mental Health Promotion: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aims to intensively evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on mental illness risks (including psychological distress, prolonged fatigue, and perceived stress) and job strain (job control and job demands) for employees with poor mental health.
A longitudinal research design was adopted. In total, 144 participants were randomized to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group participated in MBI for eight weeks. Measurements were collected for both groups at five time points: at pre-intervention (T1), at mid-intervention (T2), at the completion of intervention (T3), four weeks after intervention (T4), and eight weeks after intervention (T5). Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. A linear mixed model with two levels was employed to analyze the repeated measurement data.
Compared with the control group, the intercepts (means at T3) for the intervention group were significantly lower on psychological distress, prolonged fatigue, and perceived stress when MBI was completed. Even with the demographic variables controlled, the positive effects remained. For growth rates of prolonged fatigue and perceived stress, participants in the intervention group showed a steeper decrease than did the participants in the control group. Regarding job strain, although the intercept (mean at T3) of job demands showed a significant decline when BMI was completed, the significance disappeared when the demographic variables were controlled. Moreover, the other results for job control and job demands did not show promising findings.
As a workplace health promotion program, the MBI seems to have potential in improving mental illness risks for employees with poor mental health. However, there was insufficient evidence to support its effect on mitigating job strain. Further research on maintaining the positive effects on mental health for the long term and on developing innovative MBI to suit job strain are recommended.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02241070.
Journal Article
LncRNA GMDS‐AS1 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma development by regulating miR‐96‐5p/CYLD signaling
According to the global cancer statistic, lung cancer is one of the most dangerous tumors, which poses a serious threat to human health. Exploration the mechanism of lung cancer and new targeted therapeutic measures is always the hot topic. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is an important factor affecting the development of tumors. However, the research on the mechanism of lncRNA in the progress of lung cancer needs to be further expanded. In this study, we found that the expression of lncRNA GMDS‐AS1 was significantly reduced in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and cells. Upregulated GMDS‐AS1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of LUAD cells and promote cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that GMDS‐AS1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene to affect the development of LUAD. Further studies revealed that GMDS‐AS1 is a target gene of miR‐96‐5p, and GMDS‐AS1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of LUAD cells in association with miR‐96‐5p. In addition, we also confirmed that CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD) is also a target gene of miR‐96‐5p. Through various validations, we confirmed that GMDS‐AS1 can act as a ceRNA to upregulate the expression of CYLD by sponging miR‐96‐5p. Moreover, the intervention of GMDS‐AS1/miR‐96‐5p/CYLD network can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of LUAD cells. In this study, we revealed that the GMDS‐AS1/miR‐96‐5p/CYLD network based on ceRNA mechanism plays an important role in the development of LUAD and provides a new direction and theoretical basis for targeted therapy of LUAD. GMDS‐AS1/miR‐96‐5p/CYLD network based on ceRNA mechanism plays an important role in the development of lung cancer and provides a new direction and theoretical basis for targeted therapy of lung cancer.
Journal Article
PRC1 contributes to tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in association with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Background
Protein regulator of cytokinesis-1 (PRC1) belongs to the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) family, and is involved in cytokinesis. Recent investigations suggest PRC1 involvement in human carcinogenesis, including breast carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and etc. However, whether PRC1 contributes to lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis remains unknown.
Methods
Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were used to evaluate and contrast the PRC1 expression profile in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues. We examined the clinical use of PRC1 in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Additionally, the tumorigenesis impact of PRC1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells was verified via in vitro and in vivo metastasis and tumorigenesis assays. Notably, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic role of PRC1 in lung adenocarcinoma.
Results
PRC1 mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. PRC1 protein overexpression correlated with lymph node metastasis and was an independent poor prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data implied that PRC1 depletion limited the proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and lowered tumor development and lung metastasis in vivo. Remarkably, limiting PRC1 substantially prompted G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, by conducting NGS on PRC1-depleted A549 cells and control cells, we discovered that PRC1 expression was significantly correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway.
Conclusions
This investigation offers confirmation that PRC1 is a prognostic and promising therapeutic biomarker for people with lung adenocarcinoma and takes on a key part in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in lung adenocarcinoma development.
Journal Article