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In this paper we define and consider some familiar subsets of analytic functions associated with sine functions in the region of unit disk on the complex plane. For these classes our aim is to find the Hankel determinant of order three.

Oil recovery is an essential parameter for reservoir development performance evaluation, but there is no specific research on the theoretical oil recovery prediction model of polymer microspheres (PMs)’ conformance control. This research aims to establish an oil recovery prediction model that depends on the definition of oil recovery based on stream tube theory. PMs’ enhanced oil recovery mechanism is to plug the pore throat to expand the swept area. The assumption that the stream tube between injection and production wells is trapezoidal is proposed. Based on this premise, the area sweep efficiency equation suitable for the rhombus inverse nine-spot well pattern is established based on the stream tube theory. The vertical sweep efficiency equation is optimized by introducing the equivalent mobility ratio. Additionally, the model’s adaptability and validity are studied. The analysis results show that oil recovery decreases with increasing injection rate, injection concentration, and PMs size but increases with the increasing injection period. The theoretical oil recovery is 1.37%, and the actual oil recovery of the field application is 1.22%, with an error of 0.15%. This model has good consistency with the actual physical process of the field application. The oil recovery prediction model can provide oil recovery and optimize PMs’ conformance control injection scheme. This study fills the gap in the mathematical model for oil recovery prediction of PMs’ conformance control.

Background Nitrite is one of the primary pollutants in high-density aquaculture systems, and may cause various toxic effects (e.g., oxidative damage, metabolic and immune dysregulation, histological inflammation, etc.) on economically important aquaculture species, such as echinoderms, crustaceans and fish. Nitrite can also disrupt the intestinal function and microbiota in some fish and amphibians. However, intestinal physiological and microbial responses of cultured turtles under nitrite stress were rarely explored. Method Twenty Mauremys reevesii juveniles were exposed to different nitrite levels and fed with a commercial diet. Their intestinal content samples were analyzed for microbial diversity and composition. Results Nitrite exposure reduced intestinal microbial diversity, with lower α-diversity values in higher-concentration exposed turtles. It also changed the microbial composition. After exposure, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes decreased, but that of Proteobacteria increased at the phylum level. Similarly, abundances of some potentially beneficial bacterial genera, e.g., Prevotella_1 , Christensenellaceae_R-7 , Muribaculaceae_ge , were shown to decrease, but those of putatively pathogenic genera, e.g., Halomonas , Nesterenkonia , increased at the genus level. Furtherly, potentially altered metabolic pathways (e.g., biosynthesis of ansamycins and vancomycin group antibiotics) were revealed by functional predictions of intestinal microbiota. Conclusion This study highlighted intestinal microbial dysbiosis and prevalence of putatively pathogenic bacteria in cultured turtles under nitrite stress. Excessive levels of nitrite would alter the health status of aquatic animals by disrupting their intestinal microbiome.

Due to airway remodeling and emphysematous destruction in the lung, the two classical clinical phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are emphysema and bronchiolitis. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of small airway immunoglobulin A (IgA) in COPD with \"emphysema phenotype.\" The study also evaluated the associations between the small airway IgA levels and the severity of disease by the extent of emphysema versus airflow limitation. Thirty patients (20 with COPD and ten healthy smokers) undergoing lung resection surgery for a solitary peripheral nodule were included. The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Shanxi Dayi Hospital. The presence of small airway IgA expression was determined in the lung by immunohistochemistry. In vivo, Wistar rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. Rats were sacrificed at 15 and 30 days after exposure of silica (n = 10 for each group). We also evaluated airway IgA from rats. Small airway secretory IgA (sIgA), dimeric IgA (dIgA), and dIgA/sIgA of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade 1-2 COPD patients showed no difference compared with smoking control subjects (5.15 ± 1.53 vs. 6.03 ± 0.85; 1.94 ± 0.66 vs. 1.67 ± 0.04; 41.69 ± 21.02 vs. 28.44 ± 9.45, all P > 0.05). dIgA/sIgA level in the lung of COPD patients with emphysema showed higher levels than that of COPD patients without emphysema (51.89 ± 24.81 vs. 31.49 ± 9.28, P = 0.03). The percentage of low-attenuation area below 950 Hounsfield units was positively correlated with dIgA/sIgA levels (r = 0.45, P = 0.047), but not associated with the severity of disease by spirometric measurements (forced expiratory volume in the first second %pred, P > 0.05). Likewise, in the rat study, significant differences in sIgA, dIgA, dIgA/sIgA, mean linear intercept, mean alveoli number, and mean airway thickness of bronchioles (VV airway, all P < 0.01) were only observed between control rats and those exposed for 30 days. However, in the group exposed for 15 days, although the VV airway was higher than that in normal rats (27.61 ± 2.26 vs. 20.39 ± 1.99, P < 0.01), there were no significant differences in IgA and emphysema parameters between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Airway IgA concentrations in mild and moderate COPD patients are directly associated with the severity of COPD with \"emphysema phenotype\" preceding severe airway limitation. This finding suggests that small airway IgA might play an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD, especially emphysema phenotype.

In this paper, we introduce some classes of univalent harmonic functions with respect to the symmetric conjugate points by means of subordination, the analytic parts of which are reciprocal starlike (or convex) functions. Further, by combining with the graph of the function, we discuss the bound of the Bloch constant and the norm of the pre-Schwarzian derivative for the classes.

Toxic effects of herbicide atrazine (ATR) have been evaluated in various aquatic organisms, but our understanding of its potential impacts in reptile species remains limited. In this study, the functional performances, and gut microbiota and liver metabolite alterations of ATR-exposed Mauremys sinensis juveniles were measured to evaluate its potential toxic effects in turtles. ATR exposure had no impact on the growth rate, but would allow turtles to right themselves more quickly. Despite having no difference in gut microbial diversity, the microbial composition was slightly changed after ATR exposure. For example, a few bacterial genera were shown to increase in exposed turtles (e.g., Turicibacter ), or only observed in higher-concentration groups (e.g., Dialister , Alistipes , Delftia ). Similarly, only a few identified liver metabolites were found to change significantly (e.g., decreased levels of arginine and N-acetylneuraminate; increased levels of glutathione and isomaltose in low-concentration exposure group) after ATR exposure. Overall, minor alterations in gut microbial composition and liver metabolite indicated that ATR exposure at environmentally-relevant concentrations only produced limited impacts in turtle species, although these alterations might have potentially adverse consequences on the long-term health of exposed turtles.

In this paper, upper bounds for the fourth-order Hankel determinant H41 for the function class Ss∗ associated with the sine function are given.

This study introduces a novel subclass of q-starlike functions that is defined by the application of the q-difference operator and q-analogue of hyperbolic secant function. By making certain variations to the parameter “q”, the geometric interpretation of the domain hyperbolic secant function has also been discussed. The primary objective is to investigate and establish key results on the differential subordination of various orders within this newly defined class. Furthermore, convolution properties are explored and coefficient bounds are derived for these functions. A deeper analysis of these coefficients bounds unveils intriguing geometric insights and significant mathematical problems.

In the current article, we utilize the concept of subordination to establish a new subclass of analytic functions associated with a bounded domain that is symmetric about the real axis. By applying the convolution technique, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition, the radius of convexity for this recently introduced class. Furthermore, we prove the sharp upper bounds for the second-order Hankel determinants |H2,1ξ|,|H2,2ξ| and third-order Hankel determinant |H3,1ξ| for the functions ξ belonging to the newly defined class.

In the original publication [...]