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"Tang, Jun"
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التطور الاجتماعي في الصين
هذا الكتاب هو الأول من نوعه بالعربية الذي يتطرق إلى هذه النقاط ويشرح ما حدث من تحولات في المجتمع الصيني، فمثلا يذكر الكتاب أنه خلال المؤتمر الوطني السابع عشر للحزب الشيوعي الصيني 2007 كان اهتمام الحزب الشيوعي الصيني يتمحور حول ثلاثة مفاهيم رئيسية هي : (مجتمع رغيد) و(مجتمع متناغم) و(التنمية العلمية).
Book
A review for dynamics of collective behaviors of network of neurons
The nervous system is composed of a large number of neurons, and the electrical activities of neurons can present multiple modes during the signal transmission between neurons by changing intrinsic bifurcation parameters or under appropriate external forcing. In this review, the dynamics for neuron, neuronal network is introduced, for example, the mode transition in electrical activity, functional role of autapse connection, bifurcation verification in biological experiments, interaction between neuron and astrocyte, noise effect, coherence resonance, pattern formation and selection in network of neurons. Finally, some open problems in this field such as electromagnetic radiation on electrical activities of neuron, energy consumption in neurons are presented.
Journal Article
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
The clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been well described. We studied 37 asymptomatic individuals in the Wanzhou District who were diagnosed with RT–PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections but without any relevant clinical symptoms in the preceding 14 d and during hospitalization. Asymptomatic individuals were admitted to the government-designated Wanzhou People’s Hospital for centralized isolation in accordance with policy
1
. The median duration of viral shedding in the asymptomatic group was 19 d (interquartile range (IQR), 15–26 d). The asymptomatic group had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than the symptomatic group (log-rank
P
= 0.028). The virus-specific IgG levels in the asymptomatic group (median S/CO, 3.4; IQR, 1.6–10.7) were significantly lower (
P
= 0.005) relative to the symptomatic group (median S/CO, 20.5; IQR, 5.8–38.2) in the acute phase. Of asymptomatic individuals, 93.3% (28/30) and 81.1% (30/37) had reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels, respectively, during the early convalescent phase, as compared to 96.8% (30/31) and 62.2% (23/37) of symptomatic patients. Forty percent of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative and 12.9% of the symptomatic group became negative for IgG in the early convalescent phase. In addition, asymptomatic individuals exhibited lower levels of 18 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that asymptomatic individuals had a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in the early convalescent phase might have implications for immunity strategy and serological surveys.
A cohort of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had significantly lower levels of virus-specific IgG antibodies compared to a cohort of age- and sex-matched symptomatic infected patients.
Journal Article
Highly selective cesium(I) capture under acidic conditions by a layered sulfide
Radiocesium remediation is desirable for ecological protection, human health and sustainable development of nuclear energy. Effective capture of Cs
+
from acidic solutions is still challenging, mainly due to the low stability of the adsorbing materials and the competitive adsorption of protons. Herein, the rapid and highly selective capture of Cs
+
from strongly acidic solutions is achieved by a robust K
+
-directed layered metal sulfide KInSnS
4
(InSnS-1) that exhibits excellent acid and radiation resistance. InSnS-1 possesses high adsorption capacity for Cs
+
and can serve as the stationary phase in ion exchange columns to effectively remove Cs
+
from neutral and acidic solutions. The adsorption of Cs
+
and H
3
O
+
is monitored by single-crystal structure analysis, and thus the underlying mechanism of selective Cs
+
capture from acidic solutions is elucidated at the molecular level.
The removal of radiocesium from acidic solutions is challenging. Here, the authors report the rapid and highly selective capture of cesium(I) from strongly acidic solutions by a robust layered metal sulfide.
Journal Article
High dietary lipid level alters the growth, hepatic metabolism enzyme, and anti-oxidative capacity in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary lipid levels on growth, metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses of largemouth bass. Fish (initial body weight 13.38 ± 0.11 g) were fed three isonitrogenous semi-purified diets containing 5%, 10%, and 20% lipid, respectively. The results indicated that fish fed 10% lipid diet showed significantly better final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with that fed 5% lipid diet. Meanwhile, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly higher viscera ratio (VR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF), and liver lipid content than those fed the other diets. Higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, and LDL-C/HDL-C value in plasma were recorded in fish fed 20% lipid diet, while higher insulin contents were obtained in fish fed 5% lipid diet. In addition, the highest carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities in the liver were also observed in fish fed 20% lipid diet. However, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and higher MDA contents in liver than those fed the other diets. The higher nitric oxide (NO) contents and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in liver were recorded in fish fed 10% lipid diet. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lysozyme activities, and nitric oxide (NO) contents in plasma were higher in fish fed the 10% diets than the other groups. In conclusion, high dietary lipid levels could suppress growth performance and liver anti-oxidative capacity, and reduce immune responses of largemouth bass.
Journal Article
Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis
Since multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant public health problem worldwide, identifying associated risk factors is critical for developing appropriate control strategies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for identifying factors independently predicting MDR-TB. The random-effects model was used to determine pooled odds ratios (ORs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the related factors.
Of the 2301 retrieved reports, 28 studies were analyzed, assessing 3152 MDR-TB and 52715 DS-TB cases. Totally 22 related factors were analyzed. The pooled ORs were 1.478 (95%CI 1.077-2.028) for positive sputum AFB smear, 1.716 (95%CI 1.149-2.564) for lung cavity, 6.078 (95%CI 2.903-12.725) for previous TB disease and 5.427 (95%CI 3.469-8.490) for a history of anti-TB therapy. All Z test p values were below 0.05, indicating these parameters were significantly associated with MDR-TB.
Positive sputum AFB smear, lung cavity, previously diagnosed TB and a history of anti-TB therapy are significant risk factors for MDR-TB, which are independent of the clinical setting worldwide. Increased attention should be paid to cases with such parameters to achieve more effective TB control and avoid MDR-TB through the development of a global policy.
Journal Article
Transition of electric activity of neurons induced by chemical and electric autapses
Autapse connected to the neuron can change the electric activity of neuron. The effect of autapse on neuronal activity is often described by adding an additive forcing current along a close loop, which is described by a time-delayed feedback on the membrane potential. Neuron often responds to electric autapse forcing sensitively and quickly, while the chemical autapse changes the electric activity of neuron slowly. By applying external forcing, a shift transition of electric activity can be more easily induced by the electric autapse than the chemical autapse. Our results confirm that chemical autapse can enhance and/or suppress the transition of electric activity with excitable or inhibitory type driven by electric autapse, vice versa. It indicates that an appropriate switch-off-on for autapse can make the neuron give different types of response to external forcing. Particularly, cooperation and competition between chemical and electric autapse help neuron response to external forcing in the most reliable way.
Journal Article