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"Tang, Li"
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Superstretchable, yet stiff, fatigue-resistant ligament-like elastomers
Ligaments are flexible and stiff tissues around joints to support body movements, showing superior toughness and fatigue-resistance. Such a combination of mechanical properties is rarely seen in synthetic elastomers because stretchability, stiffness, toughness, and fatigue resistance are seemingly incompatible in materials design. Here we resolve this long-standing mismatch through a hierarchical crosslinking design. The obtained elastomer can endure 30,000% stretch and exhibit a Young’s modulus of 18 MPa and toughness of 228 MJ m
−3
, outperforming all the reported synthetic elastomers. Furthermore, the fatigue threshold is as high as 2,682 J m
−2
, the same order of magnitude as the ligaments (~1,000 J m
−2
). We reveal that the dynamic double-crosslinking network composed of Li
+
-O interactions and PMMA nanoaggregates allows for a hierarchical energy dissipation, enabling the elastomers as artificial ligaments in soft robotics.
Stiffness, toughness, and fatigue resistance are seemingly incompatible in materials design. Here the authors demonstrate a hierarchical crosslinking strategy using lithium ion oxygen interactions and PMMA nanoaggregates to enable energy dissipation in the network, leading to stiff yet tough polymer materials.
Journal Article
The Chinese wonder book : a classic collection of Chinese tales
The Chinese Wonder Book contains some of the most beloved tales of China, including 'Why the Dog Hates the Cat, ' 'The Great Bell, ' 'The Strange Tale of Doctor Dog' and 'The Talking Fish.' Originally published in 1919, this book has served as an introduction to the folk tales of classical China for generations of readers. The full-color illustrations originally published in the book's first edition are included, along with a new foreword by Sylvia Li-chun Lin, introducing the book and the amazing culture of Chinese folktales to modern readers.
Book
Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent cell death pathway, is characterized by lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion mediated by iron metabolism and is morphologically, biologically and genetically different from other programmed cell deaths. Besides, ferroptosis is usually found accompanied by inflammatory reactions. So far, it has been found participating in the development of many kinds of diseases. Macrophages are a group of immune cells that widely exist in our body for host defense and play an important role in tissue homeostasis by mediating inflammation and regulating iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms through their unique functions like phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production under different polarization. According to these common points in ferroptosis characteristics and macrophages functions, it’s obvious that there must be relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis. Therefore, our review aims at revealing the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis concerning three metabolisms and integrating the application of certain relationship in curing diseases, mostly cancer. Finally, we also provide inspirations for further studies in therapy for some diseases by targeting certain resident macrophages in distinct tissues to regulate ferroptosis.
Facts
Ferroptosis is considered as a newly discovered form characterized by its nonapoptotic and iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide, concerning iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms.
Ferroptosis has been widely found playing a crucial part in various diseases, including hepatic diseases, neurological diseases, cancer, etc.
Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells, widely existing and owning various functions such as phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production.
Macrophages are proved to participate in mediating metabolisms and initiating immune reactions to maintain balance in our body.
Recent studies try to treat cancer by altering macrophages’ polarization which damages tumor microenvironment and induces ferroptosis of cancer cells.
Open questions
How do macrophages regulate ferroptosis of other tissue cells specifically?
Can we use the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis in treating diseases other than cancer?
What can we do to treat diseases related to ferroptosis by targeting macrophages?
Is the use of the relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis more effective than other therapies when treating diseases?
Journal Article
A study on the impact of Internet use on depression among Chinese older people under the perspective of social participation
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the role of social participation in the relationship between internet use and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults and investigate how the internet use interact with social participation to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
Methods
Based on the survey from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, we identified 4645 subjects and used the Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) and Propensity Score Matching method (PSM) to identify the association between Internet use and depression of older people, and further test how social participation played a role in the relationship.
Results
The level of depression of older people was significantly reduced in those who using internet in China, and the effect was still robust under different identification methods. The mental health was improved when using internet because of the increase of social participation and social capital. Further, The positive effect was stronger especially in those who were female, living in rural areas, has low education attainments and were 70–79 years old.
Conclusions
The popularity of internet use has a positive effect on the depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults. Effective measures were encouraged to improve the friendliness of internet for older people and promote the popularization of the Internet and older group, achieving the spiritual well-being of them in the Internet society.
Journal Article
Diversity of Macrophages in Lung Homeostasis and Diseases
Lung macrophages play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, pathogen clearance and immune regulation. The different types of pulmonary macrophages and their roles in lung diseases have attracted attention in recent years. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), including tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs), as well as interstitial macrophages (IMs) are the major macrophage populations in the lung and have unique characteristics in both steady-state conditions and disease states. The different characteristics of these three types of macrophages determine the different roles they play in the development of disease. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the similarities and differences among these three types of macrophages for the study of lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the physiological characteristics and unique functions of these three types of macrophages in acute and chronic lung diseases. We will also discuss possible methods to target macrophages in lung diseases.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota alters host bile acid metabolism to contribute to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a female pregnancy-specific disorder that is characterized by increased serum bile acid and adverse fetal outcomes. The aetiology and mechanism of ICP are poorly understood; thus, existing therapies have been largely empiric. Here we show that the gut microbiome differed significantly between individuals with ICP and healthy pregnant women, and that colonization with gut microbiome from ICP patients was sufficient to induce cholestasis in mice. The gut microbiomes of ICP patients were primarily characterized by
Bacteroides fragilis
(
B. fragilis
), and
B. fragilis
was able to promote ICP by inhibiting FXR signaling via its BSH activity to modulate bile acid metabolism.
B. fragilis
-mediated FXR signaling inhibition was responsible for excessive bile acid synthesis and interrupted hepatic bile excretion to ultimately promote the initiation of ICP. We propose that modulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis may be of value for ICP treatment.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that sometimes develops during pregnancy and is characterized by increased serum bile acid levels. Here the authors report that the gut microbiome species B. fragilis is enriched in patients with ICP and promotes ICP development in mice via inhibition of signalling though the bile acid receptor FXR.
Journal Article