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Background The optimal method to treat tibial bone defects during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still unclear. A novel technique of porous metal pillar augmentation has been applied recently. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes of primary TKA with the use of novel porous metal pillars for tibial bone defects. Methods A total of 24 cases (22 patients) of primary TKA between January 2019 and December 2020 using porous metal pillars for tibial bone defects were reviewed. Clinical results were evaluated using the Knee Society knee score (KSKS) and function score (KSFS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and range of motion (ROM). Hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), femorotibial angle (FTA), and radiolucent lines were assessed radiologically. Results The median follow-up period was 36.0 months (interquartile range: 31–37 months). The KSKS, KSFS, WOMAC score, and ROM improved significantly at the final follow-up assessment compared with the preoperative evaluation. Both of the HKAA and FTA were corrected after surgery. Only one knee had a nonprogressive radiolucent line at the bone-cement interface. No radiolucent lines were detected around the pillar in any of the cases. There were no cases of prosthesis loosening and revision. Conclusions The use of novel porous metal pillars yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes and reliable radiological evidence of fixation in this study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Porous metal pillar augmentation can be considered as a valuable and easy-to-use method for the management of tibial bone defects in primary TKA.

The diffusion and storage of ions and transport of electrons are main factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors. The unique elongated carbon tubes with low-tortuosity and open tubular structure can improve ion diffusion and charge conduction simultaneously. In this paper, the elongated carbon tubes with low-tortuosity and open tubular structure were prepared from the delignified slender wood tubes by using simple chemical delignification and carbonization methods. The wood-based carbon tube has a gravimetric specific capacitance of 139 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1. The wood-based carbon tube foam film exhibits a typical stacked structure with abundant stacked voids and 3D network structure, which imparts its excellent flexibility and conductivity. The stacked 3D network structure endows the good permeability of the PVA gel electrolyte. The areal specific capacitance of the WCT-800 wood-based carbon tube interdigital flexible solid supercapacitor is 74 mF cm−2 at a current density of 100 μA cm−2, which still remains at 58 mF cm−2 at 1000 μA cm−2. The interdigital flexible solid supercapacitor also exhibits good flexibility and folding endurance: about 116% of capacitance retention after 10000 folding cycles.Wood-derived slender carbon tubes with low-tortuosity and open tubular structure shows great potential application in the field of energy storage.

The carbon-based flexible solid supercapacitor has great potential applications in wearable electronics due to its excellent flexibility, knitability and tailorable performance. However, the low energy density of the flexible carbon-based flexible solid supercapacitor has become a major bottleneck for their wide application in the future. In this article, composite meshes of N-doped carbon/polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays (NCPA) have been fabricated successfully by using dilute polymerization. The PANI nanowire array coating decorated on the N-doped carbon mesh is crucial for the improvement of electrochemical performance. This unique micromorphology not only increases the specific surface area, but also facilitates electrolyte ion diffusion, effectively buffering the volume expansion of the PANI nanowire array and increasing the utilization of the PANI nanowire array. The sheet resistance of the NCPA mesh electrode materials is about 20 Ω/sq. The maximum area specific capacitance for the NCPA-0.5 mesh based flexible self-supporting interdigital solid supercapacitor is about 7.7 mF cm −2 at a current density of 5 μA cm −2 . The NCPA-0.5 mesh based flexible self-supporting interdigital solid supercapacitor also displays excellent folding endurance. The capacitance retention rate is still as high as 94% after folding 10,000 times. Graphic Abstract The N-doped carbon/PANI nanowire array composite mesh based flexible self-supporting interdigital solid supercapacitor exhibit good electrochemical and flexibility performance.

Reasonable combination of carbon and pseudocapacitive material in a composite electrode can produce a high-performance supercapacitor. However, the nano-structured pseudocapacitive materials tend to assemble randomly into microscale bulky forms during the preparation of composite electrode materials, which suffer from a low specific surface area and a mechanically weak structure, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. In this article, a nitrogen-doped carbon/NiCo 2 S 4 electrode material was prepared by micro-spatial hydrothermal reaction in the multicellular microstructure of auricularia. The micro-space-multicellular microstructure of auricularia can provide a huge and efficient nucleation center of NiCo 2 S 4 nanomaterials during the hydrothermal reaction. The morphology of nitrogen-doped carbon/NiCo 2 S 4 electrode material can be effectively controlled by changing the amount of metal ions. The stacked NiCo 2 S 4 nanoparticles of the NC/NiCo 2 S 4 -6 electrode material exhibit a network-like structure to a certain extent. The maximum mass specific capacitance of the NC/NiCo 2 S 4 -6 electrode material is about 1131 F g −1 at a current density of 0.25 A g −1 . There is 81.5% retention of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Graphic Abstract The NC/NiCo 2 S 4 electrode material, prepared by micro-spatial hydrothermal reaction in the multicellular microstructure of auricularia, exhibits good electrochemical cycling stability.

Fluorescent‐patterned materials are widely used in information storage and encryption. However, preparing a patterned fluorescent display on a matrix currently requires a time‐consuming (hours or even days) and complex multi‐step process. Herein, a rapid and mild technique developed for the in‐situ controllable synthesis of fluorescent nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) on eco‐friendly transparent wood films (TEMPO‐oxidized carboxyl wood film [TOWF]) within a few minutes was developed. A wood skeleton was employed as the carbon precursor for NCD synthesis as well as the matrix for the uniform and controlled distribution of NCDs. Moreover, the in‐situ synthesis mechanism for preparing NCDs in TOWF was proposed. The resulting fluorescent wood films have excellent tensile strength (310.00 ± 15.57 MPa), high transmittance (76.2%), high haze (95.0%), UV‐blocking properties in the full ultraviolet (UV) range, and fluorescent performance that can be modified by changing the heating parameters. Fluorescent patterning was simply achieved by regulating the in‐situ NCD synthesis regions, and the fluorescent patterns were formed within 10 s. These fluorescent‐patterned wood films can effectively store and encrypt information, and they can interact with external information through a transparent matrix. This work provides a green and efficient strategy for fabricating fluorescent information storage and encryption materials. An environmentally friendly, facile, and efficient strategy for the in‐situ controllable synthesis of nitrogen‐doped carbon dots on transparent wood films is presented. It is potentially applicable to the construction of patterned fluorescent materials for information interaction, storage, and encryption.

The influence of specimen size on the mechanical behavior of Au pillars is studied by means of molecular dynamics （MD） simulations with the EAM potential.Under compression at 300 K,as the deformation of pillars is in the plastic stage,nucleation of partial dislocations is observed.The coupling effect of surface stress and thermal activation is considered when analyzing the size effect on the yield property of the Au pillars.It appears that both the tensile stress component and the temperature in the surface layer impart significant effect on the mechanical behaviors of the nano-sized Au pillars.

Background Previous studies show the shape of the femur in developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) becomes more abnormal with increasing subluxation. Two kinds of high dislocations associated with DDH have been observed in clinical practice, one with (Type C1) and one without (Type C2) a false acetabulum. The presence or absence of a false acetabulum in high dislocated hips is associated with different loading patterns and could influence the development and shape of the proximal femur. Questions/purposes We therefore determined whether (1) the proximal femoral shape and dimension in Type C1 and Type C2 hips differ from each other, and (2) the femur dislocated with the same height in Types C1 and C2 hips. Patients and Methods We examined the following variables on 54 proximal femurs from 54 patients with high DDH (28 Type C1 hips and 26 Type C2 hips) on AP and lateral radiographs; the ML widths of the cortical and medullary canals, height of the femoral head, height of dislocation, and height of the greater trochanter. Reproducibility of the measurements was tested by two researchers with high interobserver and intraobserver agreement. Results The proximal femur in Type C2 hips was narrower and stovepipe shaped, with a smaller flare index (2.7 ± 0.6), compared with Type C1 hips (3.5 ± 1.2). The proximal femur migrated an average of 18 mm more superiorly in Type C2 than in Type C1 hips. Conclusions Our data confirm distinctions in the shape of the proximal femur in the presence and absence of a false acetabulum. Clinical Relevance Owing to the abnormal shapes, special implants of different geometries or modular stems may be needed for reconstruction Type C2 high dislocations.

Based on the crystal plasticity theory and interatomic potential, in this paper a new thermo-elasto-plasticity constitutive model is proposed to study the behavior of metal crystals at finite temperature. By applying the present constitutive model, the stress-strain curves under uniaxial tension at different temperatures are calculated for the typical crystal A1, and the calculated results are compared with the experimental results. From the comparisons, it can be seen that the present theory has the capability to describe the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of metal crystals at finite temperature through a concise and explicit calculation process.

This paper presents a new continuum thermal stress theory for crystals based on interatomic potentials. The effect of finite temperature is taken into account via a harmonic model. An EAM potential for copper is adopted in this paper and verified by computing the effect of the temperature on the specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion and lattice constant. Then we calculate the elastic constants of copper at finite temperature. The calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. The thermal stress theory is applied to an anisotropic crystal graphite, in which the Brenner potential is employed. Tem- perature dependence of the thermodynamic properties, lattice constants and thermal strains for graphite is calculated. The cal- culation results are also in good agreement with experimental data.

The dynamics equation for each individual atom is established directly around the equilibrium state of the system of N atoms based on the inter-atomic potential energy of EAM model.Using the theory of lattice dynamics and periodical boundary condition,the 3N×3N stiffness matrix in eigen equations of vibration frequencies for a parallelepiped crystal is reduced to a 3n×3n matrix of eigen equations of vibration frequencies for a unit lattice.The constitutive relation of the crystal at finite temperature is extracted based on the quantum-mechanical principle.The thermodynamic properties and the stress-strain relationships of crystal Cu with large plastic deformation at different temperatures are calculated,the calculation results agree well with experimental data.