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In this study, we used Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme to convert lactose into lactitol, and it was proved that Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme has lactase-like activity. Due to the potential health effects of nanomaterials, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme. To reduce the potential toxicity of the nanozyme, we applied centrifugation and membrane filtration. When the membrane aperture size was 100 nm, the residual content of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme was 14.09 μg/mL. The residual content of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme was reduced by optimizing time, temperature, and Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme-to-substrate ratio. It was showed that the concentration of Fe was 38.47 mg/kg and the concentration of H 2 BDC was 0 mg/kg under optimized conditions (110℃, 2 h of reaction and the ratio of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme to substrate is 1:20). The result met the national standard of China. Experiments measuring cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell membrane damage revealed that less than 20 μg/mL Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme had no significant cytotoxicity. Our study findings showed that Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme reduced lactose content in milk.

Defect engineering of electrode materials is considered highly effective in regulating their performance, among which oxygen vacancies play a vital role. Thereupon, comprehensively understanding effects of oxygen vacancy in electrochemical processes of transition metal oxides stays hot and controversial, representatively for amorphous tungsten oxide films and their electrochromic (EC) behaviors. Upon long‐term cycling, amorphous tungsten oxide suffers from the universal trapping effect governed by the intrinsic host microstructure and transport kinetics of the inserted ions, implying that manipulating oxygen vacancies could be a potential solution to the ion‐trapping problem. Hence, systematic work is urgent for not only tackling the trapping effect but also understanding the effect of oxygen vacancies on EC behaviors. Herein, the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the amorphous tungsten oxide films is modulated over a wide range. In combination with comprehensive experiments and first‐principles calculations, the presence of oxygen vacancy is detrimental to the EC properties, but it greatly attenuates the trapping effect. Excellent cyclic stability is achieved with a 100% optical modulation rate and charge capacity retention after 5000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. This study elucidates understanding of oxygen vacancy engineering in transition metal oxides, particularly regarding trapping effect passivation.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with the following two subtypes: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). To date, most IBD genetic associations were derived from individuals of European (EUR) ancestries. Here we report the largest IBD study of individuals of East Asian (EAS) ancestries, including 14,393 cases and 15,456 controls. We found 80 IBD loci in EAS alone and 320 when meta-analyzed with ~370,000 EUR individuals (~30,000 cases), among which 81 are new. EAS-enriched coding variants implicate many new IBD genes, including ADAP1 and GIT2 . Although IBD genetic effects are generally consistent across ancestries, genetics underlying CD appears more ancestry dependent than UC, driven by allele frequency ( NOD2 ) and effect ( TNFSF15 ). We extended the IBD polygenic risk score (PRS) by incorporating both ancestries, greatly improving its accuracy and highlighting the importance of diversity for the equitable deployment of PRS. Genome-wide association analyses across individuals of East Asian and European ancestries identify new risk loci for inflammatory bowel diseases. A polygenic risk score derived from the combined datasets shows improved prediction accuracy.

Background Advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with a higher rate of cesarean sections. Non-cephalic presentation is an important cause of cesarean delivery, and external cephalic version (ECV) offers an opportunity for vaginal trial of labor for these women. However, the influence of advanced age on the success rate of ECV and the ensuing obstetric outcomes remains to be elucidated. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies who underwent an ECV for breech or shoulder presentation at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center from January 2016 to September 2023. Data were extracted from routine hospital records. The success rates of ECV and subsequent delivery outcomes were compared between the AMA group and controls. Results A total of 448 ECV procedures were analyzed in this study, including 81 AMA cases and 367 controls. The success rate of converting to a cephalic presentation was 75.31% (61/81) for the AMA group and 74.93% (275/367) for controls, with no significant difference ( p  = 0.943). Of the women who underwent ECV, 214 delivered at our hospital. The vaginal delivery rate was 68.18% (30/44) for the AMA group and 73.53% (125/170) for controls, showing no significant difference ( p  = 0.479). Further, a comparative analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes following post-ECV vaginal delivery revealed no significant differences between the AMA group and controls. Conclusions In this retrospective cohort, ECV success and short-term obstetric outcomes were comparable between AMA and younger women. Generalisability is limited by the single-centre design, exclusion of scarred uteri, and loss of follow-up for deliveries outside our hospital. Larger, multicentre prospective studies—including women with prior caesarean—are required before definitive recommendations can be made.

Based on the finite element method, the typical layout and parameters were selected to establish the overall structure model of steel frame—cold-formed thin-walled steel composite wall and their influence on the mechanical properties and the economic steel amount was analyzed. The results show that the screw spacing, purlin section and purlin spacing have little effect on the lateral stiffness and the amount of steel used in the overall structure, while the width of wall opening has obvious effect. It is suggested that the screw spacing should be consistent with the relevant provisions in the cold-formed thin-walled steel structure specification, the purlin section should be selected relatively small according to the wall thickness and the purlin spacing should be properly amplified. The applicable height of this structure system is higher than that of pure cold-formed thin-wall steel structure system in ordinary residential buildings. The amount of steel used in this structure system is obviously less than that of pure steel frame structure system.

The Daliuhang gold deposit in the Qipengfu (Qixia–Penglai–Fushan) ore concentration area is a typical gold deposit of medium-low temperature hydrothermal veins. Uncertainties regarding the primary sources of ore-forming fluids, as well as whether host rocks contribute materials to the mineralization of the gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, are still subject to intense debate. Hydrogen–oxygen isotope results show that atmospheric water is involved in ore-forming fluids. According to the results of the helium–argon isotopes of pyrite, it is hypothesized that the initial fluid source was located in the oceanic crust or upper mantle lithosphere above the Early Cretaceous Paleo-Pacific Plate, as it was subducted into the eastern part of the eastern North China Craton. In situ sulfur isotope results show that high δ34S values characterize the pyrite in the main mineralization period. It is inferred that during the thinning and melting process of the lithospheric mantle, the volatile components enriched in pyrite contributed to the release of δ34S. At the same time, when the fluids ascended to the weak zones, such as fissures of ore-endowed peripheral rocks, the δ34S in the peripheral rocks were extracted, and the two processes acted together to cause high δ34S values to occur. Similarly, the lead and strontium isotopic compositions indicate a crust–mantle mixing attribute of the mineralized material source. The zircon U–Pb age of the ore-hosting granodiorite was 130.35 ± 0.55 Ma, and the Rb–Sr isochron age of the pyrite from the main mineralization period was 117.60 ± 0.10 Ma, which represents the timing of felsic magmatism and gold mineralization, respectively, with at least 10 Ma between the magmatism and mineralization. The magma gradually cooled over time after its formation, and when the granodiorite cooled down to 300 ± 50 °C, the temperature and pressure conditions were most conducive to the precipitation of gold. It is inferred that gold-rich initial mantle fluids with volatile components, rising along tectonically weak zones, such as fractures, underwent fluid phase separation in the fractured position of the granite and extracted the gold from the granodiorite, forming gold deposits.