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Let X → C be a non-isotrivial and generically ordinary family of K3 surfaces over a proper curve C in characteristic p ≥ 5 . We prove that the geometric Picard rank jumps at infinitely many closed points of C . More generally, suppose that we are given the canonical model of a Shimura variety S of orthogonal type, associated to a lattice of signature ( b , 2) that is self-dual at p . We prove that any generically ordinary proper curve C in S F ¯ p intersects special divisors of S F ¯ p at infinitely many points. As an application, we prove the ordinary Hecke orbit conjecture of Chai–Oort in this setting; that is, we show that ordinary points in S F ¯ p have Zariski-dense Hecke orbits. We also deduce the ordinary Hecke orbit conjecture for certain families of unitary Shimura varieties.

Electron work function (EWF) has demonstrated its great promise in materials analysis and design, particularly for single-phase materials, e.g., solute selection for optimal solid-solution strengthening. Such promise is attributed to the correlation of EWF with the atomic bonding and stability, which largely determines material properties. However, engineering materials generally consist of multiple phases. Whether or not the overall EWF of a complex multi-phase material can reflect its properties is unclear. Through investigation on the relationships among EWF, microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of low-carbon steel samples with two-level microstructural inhomogeneity, we demonstrate that the overall EWF does carry the information on integrated electron behavior and overall properties of multiphase alloys. This study makes it achievable to develop “electronic metallurgy”—an electronic based novel alternative methodology for materials design.

The PPP mode of rural water environment governance was conducive to attracting social capital for giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, coordinating the interests of all parties, and relieving the government budget pressure and debt burden. The cooperation strategy of rural water environment governance PPP projects was analyzed from the perspective of evolutionary game, and dynamic process between project company and farmers was elaborated. First, evolutionary game theory was applied to study the cooperation strategy selection between stakeholders, i.e., the project company and farmers in PPP mode of rural water environment governance project, and evolutionary game model and duplicate dynamic equation were presented for cooperation with project company and farmers, and evolutionary path was obtained. Then four parameters with discount rate of water charges, incentive rate, plant income increasing rate, contribution rate of farmers on the choice of cooperation strategies were simulated. It was indicated that effort strategy of project company and participation strategy of farmers were interrelated from perspective of evolutionary game, and effort strategy of project company was improved discount rate of water charges, incentive rate and plant income increasing rate of farmers, and participation enthusiasm of farmers was improved; thus, engineering quality and efficient operation were assured. As a result, the evolutionary path of cooperation strategy between project company and farmers was suggested as effort strategy and participation strategy, respectively, and corresponding measures of company and participation style of farmers were adopted for promoting the formation of the final equilibrium state.

This study was conducted for the metagenomic analysis of stool samples from CRC affected individuals to identify biomarkers for CRC in Hainan, the only tropical island province of China. The gut microbiota of CRC patients differed significantly from that of healthy and reference database cohorts based on Aitchison distance and Bray–Cutis distance but there was no significant difference in alpha diversity. Furthermore, at the species level, 68 species were significantly altered including 37 CRC-enriched, such as, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Gemella morbillorum, Citrobacter portucalensis, Alloprevotella sp., Shigella sonnei, Coriobacteriaceae bacterium, etc. Sixty-seven different metabolic pathways were acquired, and pathways involved in the synthesis of many amino acids were significantly declined. Besides, 2 identified antibiotic resistance genes performed well (area under the receive-operation curve AUC = 0.833, 95% CI 58.51–100%) compared with virulence factor genes. The results of the present study provide region-specific bacterial and functional biomarkers of gut microbiota for CRC patients in Hainan. Microbiota is considered as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC. Gut microbiota of different geographic regions should be further studied to expand the understanding of markers, especially for the China cohort due to diverse nationalities and lifestyles.

As micro–nano power devices have evolved towards high frequency, high voltage, and a high level of integration, the issue of thermal resistance at heterointerfaces has become increasingly prominent, posing a key bottleneck that limits device performance and reliability. This paper presents a systematic review of the current state of research and future challenges related to interface thermal resistance in heterostructures within micro and nano power devices. First, based on phonon transport theory, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the heat transfer mechanisms at typical heterointerfaces, such as metal–semiconductor and semiconductor–semiconductor, and novel low-dimensional materials. Secondly, a comprehensive review of current interface thermal resistance characterization techniques is provided, including the application and limitations of advanced methods such as time domain thermal reflection and Raman thermal measurement in micro- and nano-scale thermal characterization. Finally, in response to the application requirements of semiconductor power devices, future research directions such as atomic-level interface engineering, machine learning-assisted material design, and multi-physics field collaborative optimization are proposed to provide new insights for overcoming the thermal management bottlenecks of micro–nano power devices.

In this study, the requirements for image dehazing methods have been put forward, such as a wider range of scenarios in which the methods can be used, faster processing speeds and higher image quality. Recent dehazing methods can only unilaterally process daytime or nighttime hazy images. However, we propose an effective single-image technique, dubbed MF Dehazer, in order to solve the problems associated with nighttime and daytime dehazing. This technique was developed following an in-depth analysis of the properties of nighttime hazy images. We also propose a mixed-filter method in order to estimate ambient illumination. It is possible to obtain the color and light direction when estimating ambient illumination. Usually, after dehazing, nighttime images will cause light source diffusion problems. Thus, we propose a method to compensate for the high-light area transmission in order to improve the transmission of the light source areas. Then, through regularization, the images obtain better contrast. The experimental results show that MF Dehazer outperforms the recent dehazing methods. Additionally, it can obtain images with higher contrast and clarity while retaining the original color of the image.

This paper presents a compound laser surface modification strategy to enhance the tribological performance of biomedical titanium alloys involving femtosecond laser nitriding and femtosecond laser texturing. First, high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulses (MHz) were used to melt the surface under a nitrogen atmosphere, forming a wear-resistant TiN coating. Subsequently, the TiN layer was ablated in air with low-repetition-rate femtosecond pulses (kHz) to create squared textures. The effects of the combined nitriding and texturing treatment on bio-tribological performance was investigated. Results show that compared with the untreated samples, the single femtosecond laser nitriding process increased the surface hardness from 336 HV to 1455 HV and significantly enhanced the wear resistance of titanium, with the wear loss decreasing from 9.07 mg to 3.41 mg. However, the friction coefficient increased from 0.388 to 0.655, which was attributed to the increased hardness, roughness within the wear scars, and the formation of hard debris. After combined treatment, the friction coefficient decreased to 0.408 under the optimal texture density of 65%. The mechanisms for the improvement in friction behavior are the reduction in contact area and the trapping of hard debris.

In order to solve the self-heating problem of power electronic devices, this paper adopts a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics approach to study the thermal transport regulation mechanism of the aluminum nitride/graphene/silicon carbide heterogeneous interface. The effects of temperature, size, and vacancy defects on interfacial thermal conductivity are analyzed by phonon state density versus phonon participation rate to reveal their phonon transfer mechanisms during thermal transport. It is shown that the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) increases about three times when the temperature increases from 300 K to 1100 K. It is analyzed that the increase in temperature will enhance lattice vibration, enhance phonon coupling degree, and thus increase its ITC. With the increase in the number of AlN-SiC layers from 8 to 28, the ITC increases by about 295.3%, and it is analyzed that the increase in the number of AlN-SiC layers effectively reduces the interfacial scattering and improves the phonon interfacial transmission efficiency. The increase in the number of graphene layers from 1 layer to 4 layers decreases the ITC by 70.3%. The interfacial thermal conductivity reaches a minimum, which is attributed to the increase in graphene layers aggravating the degree of phonon localization. Under the influence of the increase in graphene single and double vacancy defects concentration, the ITC is slightly reduced. When the defect rate reaches about 20%, the interfacial thermal conductance of SV (single vacancy) and DV (double vacancy) defects rises back to 5.606 × 10−2 GW/m2K and 5.224 × 10−2 GW/m2K, respectively. It is analyzed that the phonon overlapping and the participation rate act at the same time, so the heat-transferring phonons increase, increasing the thermal conductance of their interfaces. The findings provide theoretical support for optimizing the thermal management performance of heterostructure interfaces.

The lubrication properties of gallium-matrix liquid metal (GLM) are intimately connected to the tribofilms formed through frictional processes. Physico-chemical properties of the tribofilms depend on the interfacial interactions between GLM and the surfaces of frictional pairs. Therefore, it is significant to reveal the process of interfacial interactions. In this study, considering that Ga and In atoms are the main components of GLM lubricant, the adsorption processes of Ga and In atoms on Fe (111) and Cu (111) surfaces are, respectively, investigated at the atomic level by the density functional theory (DFT) method to have an insight into the lubrication behaviors of GLM for bearing steel and albronze metals. It is found that the adsorptions of Ga atom on both Fe (111) and Cu (111) surfaces are stronger than that of In atom, and thus forming Fe-Ga bond and Cu-Ga bond. Furthermore, interfacial interactional experiments and tribological experiments are conducted to verify the results of first-principles calculations. Tribological experiments demonstrate that with FeGa3 film on the bearing steel surface, the friction coefficient and wear rate can be reduced by 30% and 82%, while with CuGa2 film on the albronze surface, the friction coefficient and wear rate can be reduced by 27% and 94%.

With the increasing energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the heat dissipation performance of air-cooled battery energy storage cabinets has become a critical determinant of both system performance and service life. This performance depends strongly on the geometry of the airflow channels and their influence on the internal flow distribution. In this study, the internal flow field of a battery energy storage cabinet was analyzed, and the airflow-channel geometry was optimized using the BOBYQA algorithm. The results indicate that the risk of thermal runaway is largely associated with inadequate airflow design, which leads to localized heat accumulation. Geometric optimization of the airflow channels reduced the maximum hotspot temperature from 72.9 °C to 57.6 °C. The hotspots were concentrated at the tops of the battery modules. Modifications to the channel geometry increased the airflow velocity and improved its directionality in these regions, thereby reducing both the hotspot temperature and the extent of the affected area. Moreover, slightly increasing the inlet pressure while reducing the outlet pressure produced a more uniform temperature distribution across the tops of the battery modules.