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"Tanner, Harold Miles"
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Where Chiang Kai-Shek lost China : the Liao-Shen campaign, 1948
\"The civil war in China that ended in the 1949 victory of Mao Zedong's Communist forces was a major blow to US interests in the Far East and led to heated recriminations about how China was 'lost.' Despite their significance, there have been few studies in English of the war's major campaigns. The Liao-Shen Campaign was the final act in the struggle for control of China's northeast. After the Soviet defeat of Japan in Manchuria, Communist Chinese and then Nationalist troops moved into this strategically important area. China's largest industrial base and a major source of coal, Manchuria had extensive railways and key ports (both still under Soviet control). When American mediation over control of Manchuria failed, full-scale civil war broke out. By spring of 1946, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist armies had occupied most of the southern, economically developed part of Manchuria, pushing Communist forces north of the Songhua (Sungari) River. But over the next two years, the tide would turn. The Communists isolated the Nationalist armies and mounted a major campaign aimed at destroying the Kuomintang forces. This is the story of that campaign and its outcome, which were to have such far-reaching consequences\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China
The civil war in China that ended in the 1949 victory of Mao Zedong's Communist forces was a major blow to US interests in the Far East and led to heated recriminations about how China was \"lost.\" Despite their significance, there have been few studies in English of the war's major campaigns. The Liao-Shen Campaign was the final act in the struggle for control of China's northeast. After the Soviet defeat of Japan in Manchuria, Communist Chinese and then Nationalist troops moved into this strategically important area. China's largest industrial base and a major source of coal, Manchuria had extensive railways and key ports (both still under Soviet control). When American mediation over control of Manchuria failed, full-scale civil war broke out. By spring of 1946, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist armies had occupied most of the southern, economically developed part of Manchuria, pushing Communist forces north of the Songhua (Sungari) River. But over the next two years, the tide would turn. The Communists isolated the Nationalist armies and mounted a major campaign aimed at destroying the Kuomintang forces. This is the story of that campaign and its outcome, which were to have such far-reaching consequences.
eBook
The Battle for Manchuria and the Fate of China
In the spring of 1946, Communists and Nationalist Chinese were battled for control of Manchuria and supremacy in the civil war. The Nationalist attack on Siping ended with a Communist withdrawal, but further pursuit was halted by a cease-fire brokered by the American general, George Marshall. Within three years, Mao Zedong's troops had captured Manchuria and would soon drive Chiang Kai-shek's forces off the mainland. Did Marshall, as Chiang later claimed, save the Communists and determine China's fate? Putting the battle into the context of the military and political struggles fought, Harold M. Tanner casts light on all sides of this historic confrontation and shows how the outcome has been, and continues to be, interpreted to suit the needs of competing visions of China's past and future.
eBook
Guerrilla, Mobile, and Base Warfare in Communist Military Operations in Manchuria, 1945-1947
Historians have explained the Communist victory in the Chinese civil war (1945-49) in terms of either \"standard\" or \"guerrilla\" warfare. Analysis of the Communist experience in Manchuria, 1945-47, demonstrates that the Communists initially adopted a conventional war strategy and doctrine. As the situation developed, the Party faced a contradiction between economic and political necessity on the one hand and strategic reality on the other that sometimes put Communist forces into indefensible positions. After setbacks, the Communists recovered and developed a decisive hybrid strategy and doctrine that enabled them to turn the tide of the civil war and to make a second, more successful transition from guerrilla to mobile and base warfare.
Journal Article
Crime and punishment in China, 1979-1989
In the 1980s, the Communist Party initiated a program of economic reform and opening to the outside world in order to modernize China. The Party understood \"modernization\" both in terms of increasing the nation's productive capacity through the use of modern science and technology, and the further development of the sciences, the arts, philosophy, morality and human relationships. The clearest statements of the Party's attempt to guide the development of Chinese society toward its vision of modernity are found in the area in which definitions of good and bad are made and where they are enforced through the application of the power of the state to the person of the ordinary Chinese: that is, in the criminal law and in the criminal process. Research on the theory and practice of criminal justice in China during this period reveals a concern on the part of the Chinese state to establish the sanctity of property and to channel sexual energy into the single legitimate outlet of marriage. It does so by means of a legal system regarded as a tool by which the Party can guide the Chinese state and society toward its vision of modernity. As revealed in the practice of crime and punishment, this vision draws heavily on selectively interpreted elements of the Chinese tradition and on the techniques of Leninist single-Party rule. The intent is for broad-based programs of social control combined with the calculated application of draconian punishment to bring about a stable, unified and peaceful modern society. Ironically, the very forces of economic modernization which the legal system is designed to foster are those which contribute most to its fatal weakness.
Dissertation
Moving the Enemy: Operational Art in the Chinese PLA's Huai Hai Campaign
Tanner reviews Moving the Enemy: Operational Art in the Chinese PLA's Huai Hai Campaign by Gary J. Bjorge.
Book Review
Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950
Tanner reviews Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 by Odd Arne Westad.
Book Review