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Objective. To describe the impact of weight on length of stay (LOS) and oxygen requirement among hospitalized children with COVID-19. Methods. This is a retrospective review of 153 children admitted for COVID-19 from March 2020 to October 2021. Body mass index (BMI) percentile and weight-for-age (WFA) percentile were used to determine weight status for children ≥2 years and <2 years respectively. Results. We found 2 distinct patterns for patients <2 years and ≥2 years; The likelihood of needing oxygen and LOS ≥ 5 days was higher for children ≥2 years with BMI ≥ 85th percentile (P = .0415 and P = .0197). Among those <2 years, mean WFA percentile decreased with increasing oxygen need (P = .0325). There was a negative correlation between LOS and WFA percentile (r = −.31, P = .0123). Conclusion. It is important to stratify patients’ risk according to their age, BMI and WFA percentile during hospitalization for COVID 19.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although, microscopic colitis (MC) can be considered as spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), MC is very different in many aspects; in terms of risk factors, symptoms, course of disease, treatment, and complication. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is previously known as complication of IBD. There are few data about MC and risk of bone density loss. We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between MC and low BMD. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases through October 2021 to identify studies that demonstrated association between clinical outcomes of interest, MC and low BMD. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS After two rounds of review, four studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in analysis. The result showed statistically significant association between MC and low bone density (pooled OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.38, p = 0.03) The forest plots and funnel plots are shown below. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis found significant association between MC and low bone density. Therefore, this data may suggest that BMD screening could be applied for MC patients, and such patients may have benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Further studies should be done to determine the significance of this issue.

As pediatric populations in the United States (US) become increasingly diverse, current practices for interpreting bone density using DXA in children warrant reevaluation. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry currently recommends adjusting pediatric bone density Z-scores by race, sex, and age. However, race-based adjustments risk reinforcing disparities and perpetuating systemic inequities in pediatric bone health assessment. We conducted a scoping review of studies examining racial and ethnic differences in BMD among healthy US children, identifying 3960 records across 4 databases, of which 54 met inclusion criteria. Across these studies, reporting of race and ethnicity was inconsistent: although nearly all relied on self- or parent-report, none provided explicit definitions, and only 13% confirmed concordance across grandparents. Fifty percent of studies reported statistically significant racial differences in BMD, yet most did so without comprehensive covariate adjustment. By contrast, studies that accounted for height, lean mass, and pubertal status frequently found that differences attenuated or disappeared. These findings underscore the need to critically reconsider race-based adjustments in pediatric DXA interpretation. Developing and validating race-neutral reference standards, with attention to structural determinants and biologically relevant measures, such as stature, body composition, and pubertal timing, is essential for achieving a more equitable and clinically meaningful assessment of pediatric bone health.