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BACKGROUND Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a growing concern in Egypt, yet biomarker research in this population is scarce. Identifying serum biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms in underrepresented groups. METHODS We performed serum proteomic profiling on 20 Egyptian dementia patients and 10 cognitively unimpaired controls from the Egyptian Dementia Registry using mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of 260 quantified proteins, 21 were significantly different between dementia patients and controls (P < 0.05). Several serine protease inhibitor and immunoglobulin family proteins were downregulated, while apolipoprotein A‐II was upregulated in dementia. Enrichment analysis revealed associations with inflammation, complement activation, and lipid metabolism pathways. CONCLUSION This is the first serum proteomic study of dementia in an Egyptian cohort, highlighting coordinated changes in protein families involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, and emphasizing the importance of biomarker research in diverse populations. Highlights The study presents initial proteomic data from the Egyptian Dementia Registry. The Egyptian population has been underrepresented in the area of dementia research. Serine protease inhibitor G1, apolipoprotein A‐II, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein emerged as significant proteins. The work lays the foundation for more understanding of molecular determinants in dementia in the Middle East.

INTRODUCTION Dementia is a growing public health challenge in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) like Egypt, where data are scarce. The Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry addresses this gap by capturing epidemiological, clinical, and environmental data across Egypt. METHODS In this multicenter study, 662 participants from six governorates were enrolled using standardized tools. RESULTS The cohort had advanced age (mean 68.3 years), low education (65.9% illiterate), and high comorbidities including hypertension (55%) and diabetes (23%). Alzheimer's disease (62%) and vascular dementia (23%) predominated. Only 24.4% received pharmacological treatment and 2.1% psychosocial support, highlighting care gaps. Household insecticide exposure (20.4%) was notable. DISCUSSION EDN demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a national dementia registry in LMICs, generating baseline insights into demographic, clinical, and environmental risks. In addition, registry‐linked biosamples have enabled pilot multi‑omics and exposome analyses, underscoring its potential as a scalable scientific platform for future dementia research. Highlights Established Egypt's first national, multicenter dementia registry. Aimed to characterize dementia profiles and care gaps across diverse regions. Identified late‐stage diagnosis and limited access to dementia interventions. Uncovered unique environmental risk factors relevant to the Egyptian context. Provides a foundation for policy, research, and improved dementia care in Egypt. Overview of the Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry highlighting multiple centers’ inclusion, cohort demographics, dementia diagnosis, and interventions.

Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, with increasing impact on individuals and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the metabolic profiles of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients in Egypt, seeking to identify connections between metabolic disruptions and environmental factors. Utilizing serum samples from 61 AD patients and 76 VaD patients compared to 100 healthy controls, the research employed untargeted LC-MS and generalized regression analysis. The findings revealed significant alterations in 59 metabolites in AD patients and 69 in VaD patients, including environmental contaminants. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis indicated distinct metabolic pathways affected in each group, such as amino acid metabolism in AD and purine metabolism in VaD. This research provides insights into the biological pathways and environmental agents linked to dementia, highlighting the need for diverse populations in metabolomic studies to improve prevention and intervention strategies globally.

Objective The study purpose was to detect the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) and different imaging modalities as conventional radiology in evaluation of sinonasal neoplasms diagnosed by Histopathology. Methods Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) were complaining of symptoms related to sinonasal tract. After thorough clinical and local examination, the patients were subjected to the following: conventional radiography, CT, MRI, and histopathological examination. Results The nasal cavity was the most commonly involved site with sinonasal malignancies followed by the maxillary sinuses. The least commonly affected site was the frontal sinuses. Benign sinonasal tumors were present in 14 cases. The most common benign lesion was juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (6 cases), followed by inverted papilloma (3 cases). While malignant sinonasal tumors were present in 16 cases, squamous cell carcinoma was present in 5 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma, in 3 cases. Lymphoepithelioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were present in 2 cases each, while adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma were present in 1 case each. Conclusion MRI with its superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capability is superior to CT in pretreatment evaluation of primary malignant tumors of sinonasal cavity.

Pests are one of the most concerning biotic problems in agriculture and food. Humans are constantly in search of new strategies to control them. Traditional strategies like integrated pest management used in agriculture are insufficient, and applying chemical pesticides has adverse effects on animals and human beings in addition to declining soil fertility, pest resistance, elimination of natural enemies, environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, and human health hazards. Using nanotechnology in pest management as an alternative strategy can be one of the most promising ways to overcome the problems of using conventional chemical pesticides. Although they still face many obstacles and uncertainties and More research is needed to improve their development, evaluation, and regulation, The advantage of nanotechnology as an alternative for the management of insect pests is increasing efficiency against target organisms and low toxicity of nanocides to non-target organisms, highlighting the insufficient collateral environmental damage were reported in this work. It also provides selective, targeted, and long-term-controlled release of formulated nanomaterial, which is ecologically more viable. So, using nanotechnology for insect pest management is considered environmentally sustainable and an excellent insect control strategy in green agriculture.

Administering Bacilli clausii as probiotics during the maternal period may enhance microbial balance and positively impact offspring growth and immune health. This study evaluated the influence of Bacillus given to pregnant mice on the growth and immune development of their male albino offspring at 28 days old. Twenty-four Swiss albino mice (16 females and 8 males) were mated and assigned to four groups. Sixteen pregnant mice were divided into four groups (n = 4/group). The control group received a standard diet with distilled water, while the other three groups received daily doses of Bacilli (1.25 mL at 1 × 10^9 CFU) at different pregnancy stages: the second group on gestational day (GD) 0, the third on GD 8, and the fourth on GD 16. At 28 days after birth, male offspring were weighed, and blood samples were collected. The EDTA samples were used for hematological profiles, while serum samples were analyzed for growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG). Spleens were weighed and analyzed for mTOR using qPCR, ELISA, and histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1 and FOXO1 markers. The GD0 group showed significant increases in body weight, spleen weight, spleen somatic index (SSI), GH, IGF-1, IL-10, IgA, and IgG levels, as well as mTOR protein and transcript levels, while TNF-α and IFN-γ levels decreased. Macroscopic analysis revealed a well-structured white pulp containing aggregated lymphocytes. Elevated levels of IGF-1 expression were observed, while FOXO1 expression was decreased. These findings indicate that early maternal probiotic supplementation improves lymphocyte activity and facilitates the remodeling of the splenic immune system in offspring and thus represents an innovative approach to immune programming during early life.

The protective potentials of Tribulus terrestris (TT) and L-arginine (L-Arg) against reproductive toxicity induced by fipronil (FPN) in male rats were investigated. A total of 36 male rats were allocated into six groups: control, TT, L-Arg, FPN, FPN + TT, and FPN + L-Arg groups. The body and sex organ weights, semen criteria, serum testosterone levels, and testicular oxidative stress were determined. Sexual behavior, testicular and penile androgen receptor (AR), penile nitric oxide synthase (NOS), immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and histopathology were also assessed. FPN disrupted reproductive health by influencing the expression and activity of NOS and AR, leading to compromised erectile function, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal imbalance. Significant improvements in body weight, reproductive organ weights, the expression of NOS and AR, and testosterone levels were observed in the TT- and L-Arg-treated groups. Behavioral assessments indicated improved sexual performance in the TT- and L-Arg-treated groups. Histopathological studies of the testes and penis tissue, immunohistochemical expression of PCNA in testicular tissues, and biochemical analyses further confirmed the protective effects of TT and L-Arg. Collectively, these findings highlighted the potential of TT and L-Arg in counteracting FPN-induced reproductive impairments.

Kidney failure represents a pressing global health concern, further exacerbated by the widespread shortage of nephrologists, thereby necessitating the development of ِِِArtificial Intelligence (AI)-driven systems for automated renal disease diagnosis. This study focuses on the diagnosis of three major renal conditions: kidney stones, tumors, and cysts. Recent advancements in Deep Learning (DL) have highlighted the potential of attention mechanisms in enhancing the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), particularly in medical image analysis. In this context, we propose a novel method termed Pyramid Channel and Spatial Attention (PCSA), which depends on pyramidal multiscale convolution to reconstruct feature representations by extracting both spatial and channel attention weights. This dual-weight extraction facilitates the precise integration of multiscale contextual information, thereby improving the model capability to localize and focus on complex regions within medical images. The PCSA module is designed as a plug-and-play component that can be seamlessly integrated into various CNN backbone architectures to enhance diagnostic accuracy. To validate its effectiveness, we incorporate the PCSA module into several backbone networks and evaluate its performance. Experimental results demonstrate that PCSA-enhanced networks outperform multiple state-of-the-art image classification methods, achieving superior accuracy in renal disease classification. Although the current study focuses on three specific renal conditions, the modular architecture of PCSA-Net allows for future adaptation to a broader spectrum of renal pathologies. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed PCSA module to support automated, accurate, and scalable kidney disease diagnosis in clinical settings. The modular design also enhances the model suitability for real-world deployment, enabling integration into diverse diagnostic workflows.

Pre-loading of monochlorotriazinyl β-Cyclodextrin (MCT-βCD) onto/within viscose/wool (V/W) and cotton/wool (C/W) blended fabrics provide hosting cavities that can form host-guest inclusion complexes with reactive dyes in postprinting as well as with triclosan derivative or silver nanoparticles/hyperbranched polyamide-amine (AgNPs/HBPAA) composite in subsequent final antibacterial finishing step. Coloration properties, antibacterial activity against (S. aureus) and (E. coli) pathogenic bacteria, durability of the obtained products, according to the above mentioned route, to wash, surface morphology and composition of selected samples were investigated. Results obtained signify that premodification of the nominated substrates with MCT-βCD (10 g/l), followed by reactive printing with mono-or bifunctional reactive dye (20 g/l), and subsequent post-finishing with triclosan derivative or AgNPs/HBPAA composite (15 g/l each) is an efficient treatments sequence for attaining reactive prints with significant antibacterial efficacy and noticeable durability to wash. Surface depositions of selected active ingredients were also confirmed using SEM and EDX analysis.