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"Taylor, Lewis"
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How to eat in space
\"A kid-friendly, accessible, and humorous text that describes the sometimes complicated task of eating while in space\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impact of vitamin D on gene expression in Atlantic salmon skin
Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient for vertebrate health that affects musculoskeletal function and likely modulates immune responses in tissues such as the skin. Infectious diseases are a critical concern in Atlantic salmon aquaculture due to the potential economic impact of stock losses, risks to fish welfare, and environmental sustainability. Since the skin is the first line of immunological defence, its ability to mediate host-pathogen interactions may be influenced by dietary vitamin D. This study examined the transcriptomic response of salmon skin after six months of dietary vitamin D supplementation, with an emphasis on immune-related gene expression. A total of 151 differentially expressed genes were identified, 27 of which are linked to inflammation, antigen presentation, and both innate and adaptive immunity. These results indicate that vitamin D could modulate cutaneous immune responses by reducing inflammation and enhancing innate defences, potentially improving resistance to many skin-associated salmon pathogens.
Journal Article
Nanosecond laser-induced liquid-to-gas transitions for light-to-mechanical energy conversion
Nanosecond laser impulsive heating is used to generate a liquid→gas phase transition that performs mechanical work. A simple laser flyer apparatus is designed where a metal plate is placed on top of a variable volume of liquid. When a high-energy nanosecond laser pulse impacts the bottom of the plate, explosive vaporization of the liquid propels it upward. The initial velocity of the plate, and thus its kinetic energy, is measured as a function of several parameters, including liquid volume, laser wavelength, pulse energy, and chemical composition of the liquid. Light-to-kinetic energy conversion efficiencies that approach 2% are measured. Although surface discoloration of the metal is observed, there was no measurable decrease in the initial velocity even after 200 cycles. For protic liquids like water and ethylene glycol, the initial velocity is independent of the chemical composition of the liquid, possibly due to the contribution of exothermic oxidative reactions at high temperatures. For alkane liquids, the initial velocity decreases with increasing molecular weight, consistent with a simple model that relates it to physical properties like the heat of vaporization. The results suggest that nanosecond pulsed laser heating for liquid→gas actuation may be a relatively efficient way to transform photons into mechanical energy.
Journal Article
The best American mystery stories 2016
The Best American Mystery Stories 2016 is a feast of both literary crime and hard-boiled detection, featuring a seemingly innocent murderer, a drug dealer in love, a drunken prank gone terribly wrong, and plenty of other surprising twists and turns.
Book
Univariate Tests for Phase Capacity: Tools for Identifying When to Modify a Survey’s Data Collection Protocol
To mitigate the potentially harmful effects of nonresponse, most surveys repeatedly follow up with nonrespondents, often targeting a response rate or predetermined number of completes. Each additional recruitment attempt generally brings in a new wave of data, but returns gradually diminish over the course of a fixed data collection protocol, as each subsequent wave tends to consist of fewer responses than the last. Consequently, point estimates begin to stabilize. This is the notion of phase capacity, suggesting some form of design change is in order, such as switching modes, increasing the incentive, or, as is considered exclusively in this research, discontinuing the nonrespondent follow-up campaign altogether. A previously proposed test for phase capacity calls for multiply imputing nonrespondents’ missing data to assess, retrospectively, whether the most recent wave of data significantly altered a key, nonresponse-adjusted point estimate. This study introduces a more flexible adaptation amenable to surveys that instead reweight the observed data to compensate for nonresponse. Results from a simulation study and application indicate that, all else equal, the weighting version of the test is more sensitive to point estimate changes, thereby dictating more follow-up attempts are warranted.
Journal Article
Effect of cellulosic fibres on the interfacial friction between ceramic and glass
The effect of Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC) on the interfacial friction between ceramic and glass was investigated as a function of the applied load, surface roughness, sliding distance, sliding velocity, and liquid present. With a normal load of 4 N, high friction was observed whilst maintaining a low wear. Increasing the roughness (
R
a
) of the ceramic substrate from 0.99 to 3.01 µm could result in a slight increase in the Coefficient of Friction (CoF) from 0.36 to 0.46, but a remarkable increase in wear (depth of the wear track) from 0.27 to 1.31 µm. Friction and wear thresholds were identified after a sliding distance of 400 mm, whilst an increased sliding velocity could reduce both friction and wear. This study also investigated MFC with Xanthan Gum (XG), both with similar rheological behaviour, confirming that the physical presence of fibres in the formulation was responsible for the improved interfacial lubrication.
Journal Article
Divergent actions of physiological and pathological amyloid-β on synapses in live human brain slice cultures
In Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology are thought to drive synapse loss. However, there is limited information on how endogenous levels of tau, Aβ and other biomarkers relate to patient characteristics, or how manipulating physiological levels of Aβ impacts synapses in living adult human brain. Using live human brain slice cultures, we report that Aβ
1-40
and tau release levels vary with donor age and brain region, respectively. Release of other biomarkers such as KLK-6, NCAM-1, and Neurogranin vary between brain region, while TDP-43 and NCAM-1 release is impacted by sex. Pharmacological manipulation of Aβ in either direction results in a loss of synaptophysin puncta, with increased physiological Aβ triggering potentially compensatory synaptic transcript changes. In contrast, treatment with Aβ-containing Alzheimer’s disease brain extract results in post-synaptic Aβ uptake and pre-synaptic puncta loss without affecting synaptic transcripts. These data reveal distinct effects of physiological and pathological Aβ on synapses in human brain tissue.
Understanding synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease has been hampered by a lack of human model systems. Here, the authors show that manipulation of physiological or pathological Aβ has differing effects on synapses in live human brain slice cultures.
Journal Article
Evaluating Substitution as a Strategy for Handling U.S. Postal Service Drop Points in Self-Administered Address-Based Sampling Frame Surveys
Most addresses on modern address-based sampling frames derived from the U.S. Postal Service’s Computerized Delivery Sequence file have a one-to-one relationship with a household. Some addresses, however, are associated with multiple households. These addresses are referred to as drop points, and the households therein are referred to as drop point units (DPUs). DPUs pose a challenge for self-administered surveys because no apartment number or unit designation is available, making it impossible to send targeted correspondence. The authors evaluate a method for substituting sampled DPUs with similar non-DPUs, which was implemented in the 2021 Healthy Chicago Survey alongside a concurrent survey of the originally sampled DPUs. Comparing aggregate distributions of DPUs and the non-DPU substitutes, the authors observe certain differences with respect to age, employment status, marital status, and housing tenure but no substantive differences in key health outcomes measured by the survey.
Journal Article
Adenosine integrates light and sleep signalling for the regulation of circadian timing in mice
The accumulation of adenosine is strongly correlated with the need for sleep and the detection of sleep pressure is antagonised by caffeine. Caffeine also affects the circadian timing system directly and independently of sleep physiology, but how caffeine mediates these effects upon the circadian clock is unclear. Here we identify an adenosine-based regulatory mechanism that allows sleep and circadian processes to interact for the optimisation of sleep/wake timing in mice. Adenosine encodes sleep history and this signal modulates circadian entrainment by light. Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A
1
/A
2A
receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca
2+
-ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes
Per1
and
Per2
. We show that these signalling pathways converge upon and inhibit the same pathways activated by light. Thus, circadian entrainment by light is systematically modulated on a daily basis by sleep history. These findings contribute to our understanding of how adenosine integrates signalling from both light and sleep to regulate circadian timing in mice.
Sleep pressure and circadian rhythms influence one another. However, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that adenosine A
1
/A
2A
receptor antagonists, such as caffeine, shift circadian rhythms and enhance the effects of light, providing a molecular link between sleep pressure and circadian rhythm.
Journal Article