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In the late 1970s Iranian student activists in the United States worked to educate the American public on the history of the US-Iranian relationship and the long-term consequences in Iran of the 1953 CIA-sponsored coup that placed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on the Iranian throne. The students directly challenged local and state governments to respect freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and pushed President Jimmy Carter to keep his promise of injecting human rights into American foreign policy. Iranians studying in the US were not monolithic in thought, but they shared the common goal of liberating Iran from Pahlavi’s despotic rule and creating an Iran free of American intervention and Cold War geopolitics.

The university administration had even helped him file the paperwork to get his arranged-marriage fiancee to the U.S. He was also allowed to work, which required special permission from INS, because the revolution had made it difficult for his family to send him money.45 He and his wife, Freda, were active on campus, as members of the HSU International Relations Club and were featured in a handful of photos in the university's 1980 yearbook.46 Jalai told the campus newspaper, The Oracle, at the end of November that he supported the shah, although he recognized the man's flaws, and that his mother had cautioned him against returning to Iran because of those feelings.47 On November 13, the Arkansas Gazette reported that INS officials headquartered in Memphis were on the way to visit several of the states' colleges to determine the legal status of Arkansas's guests.48 Officials began interviewing the approximately 140 Iranian students at UA on Monday, November 26. Only Congress had the power to make decisions about deportation. [...]the deportation of Iranians was being initiated for minor offenses, while other people were granted more room for error. A three-member panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that the November 10 order was a \"fundamental element of Carter's efforts to resolve the Iranian crisis and to maintain the safety of the American hostages in Iran.\" In May 1980, the Arkansas Legislative Council requested that universities ban admission of Iranian students for the following summer semester and beyond and not allow current students who had not yet enrolled for summer or fall classes to do so.68 This proposal may have been prompted by the fact that only a few Iranian students had actually been deported but was most likely an expression of frustration with the continued intransigence of the Iranian government in regard to the American hostages still being held, including two from Arkansas (the third hostage, Sgt. Ladell Maples, USMC, an African-American man from Earle, had been released by the Iranians in November 1979).69 Arkansas Tech had eight Iranian students and quickly solicited an opinion from Arkansas's attorney general concerning the legality of such action.70 The University of Arkansas's Board of Trustees met at the UAPB campus and also decided to seek the attorney general's opinion before acting.

Hostages of the Crisis: Iranian Students and Jimmy Carter discusses President Carter’s decision in 1979 to order the Immigration and Naturalization Service to assess the approximately 56,000 Iranian students in the United States for deportation after the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran, Iran. This works begins with a discussion of the development of the nation’s immigration system, examining how it was born as a result of anti-Chinese xenophobia in the late nineteenth century and how it matured with nativistic immigration laws in the first half of the twentieth century. Immigration policy was often influenced by xenophobic sociopolitical pressure and geopolitical necessity, and I argue that Carter’s directive to INS was no exception. This work demonstrates the development of human rights as a political tool in the 1970s and how Carter came to sincerely embrace it. He has often and correctly been praised as the human rights President. However, I agree with scholars like Scott Kaufman, Nancy Mitchell, and Bradley Simpson in that Carter was a Cold Warrior first and a human rights President second. As demonstrated by Matthew Shannon, many Iranian student activists in the United States understood this well. I attempt to build off his work by illustrating their activism during the early Carter presidency and how their publications and protests had already gained them the ire of many Americans before the hostage crisis began. Ultimately, I assert that Carter’s directive to INS was an important component of his administration’s diplomatic strategy to retrieve the American hostages in Tehran, and that his order seemingly encouraged the anti-immigrant and nativistic portions of the American population to direct their anger toward Iranian students

The purpose of this project is to gain a fresh understanding of the role of the downtown church within the twenty-first century. Many downtown churches are in a plateaued or declining position with little hope of reversing their current trend. They are surrounded by a heterogeneous mission field that is culturally, socially and ethnically diverse while the old downtown church attempts to minister in a homogeneous paradigm that is devised around the suburbs. Often long-term members who are steeped in traditions and paradigms that are dated and dysfunctional control these churches. Consequently, introducing and implementing change is tedious and often career ending process. Could these churches be revitalized, revisioned and retooled to become high performance churches in the new frontier of the twenty-first century? From the geographical heart of the city, can they have a genuine impact on the quality of life and effectively engage people with the transforming gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ? This study includes identification of the problem; review of research and literature; biblical and theological perspective; description of the context of my personal ministry; and a portrayal of the realities of the revitalization process, along with it's implications and application in the midst of this exigency. With cities and large metropolitan areas now experiencing the fresh winds of renewal the downtown church must be ready to respond with innovation and creativity in establishing bridges of cross-cultural and ethnic diversity while maintaining a balance in ministry to long-term members. It is our presupposition that the old downtown church can once again be an effective instrument in the hands of God in analyzing the changes in today's culture and addressing those changing needs within the context of our spiritual values and the mandate of the Great Commission.

Ionizing radiation is a potent carcinogen, inducing cancer through DNA damage. The signatures of mutations arising in human tissues following in vivo exposure to ionizing radiation have not been documented. Here, we searched for signatures of ionizing radiation in 12 radiation-associated second malignancies of different tumour types. Two signatures of somatic mutation characterize ionizing radiation exposure irrespective of tumour type. Compared with 319 radiation-naive tumours, radiation-associated tumours carry a median extra 201 deletions genome-wide, sized 1–100 base pairs often with microhomology at the junction. Unlike deletions of radiation-naive tumours, these show no variation in density across the genome or correlation with sequence context, replication timing or chromatin structure. Furthermore, we observe a significant increase in balanced inversions in radiation-associated tumours. Both small deletions and inversions generate driver mutations. Thus, ionizing radiation generates distinctive mutational signatures that explain its carcinogenic potential. Ionizing radiation may induce irreparable DNA damage leading to cancer. Here, the authors identify a specific signature of mutations arising in patients exposed to ionizing radiation and suggest that radiation-induced tumorigenesis is associated with higher rates of genome-wide deletions and balanced inversions.

The MET receptor tyrosine kinase is mutated or amplified in ~6% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overexpressed in ~80% of all NSCLC cases. A theranostic agent that can both see and treat MET-altered NSCLC has never been described before in the literature. Here, we report a shark-derived single-domain variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) for MET with theranostic applications. Following the immunization of a juvenile nurse shark ( ) with the extracellular domain of human MET, we identified a VNAR clone that specifically engaged MET with high affinity. Engineering the lead VNAR into a bivalent human Fc, vMET1-Fc, yielded a construct that selectively targeted and was internalized by MET-positive cells without affecting cell viability or downstream MET signaling. When radiolabeled with the positron emitting isotope Zr-89, [ Zr]Zr-vMET1-Fc enabled longitudinal PET/CT imaging. High tumor uptake with low background was observed in MET-positive NSCLC xenografts administered [ Zr]Zr-vMET1-Fc. As a targeted beta-particle radiotherapy, [ Lu]Lu-vMET1-Fc resulted in marked tumor-growth delay and exhibited a favorable toxicity profile, collectively improving progression-free survival in NSCLC mouse models. Non-human primate PET/CT imaging studies with ([ Zr]Zr-vMET1-Fc in healthy rhesus macaques confirmed favorable biodistribution and dosimetry, predictable clearance, and minimal off-target uptake. Additional blood chemistry analysis found no significant immune response or cytotoxicity. Together, these findings establish vMET1-Fc as a theranostic agent for imaging and treating MET-altered NSCLC.

New massive resonances are predicted in many extensions to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and constitutes one of the most promising searches for new physics at the LHC. We present a feasibility study to search for new heavy neutral gauge bosons using vector boson fusion (VBF) processes, which become especially important as the LHC probes higher collision energies. In particular, we consider the possibility that the discovery of a \\(Z'\\) boson may have eluded searches at the LHC. The coupling of the \\(Z'\\) boson to the SM quarks can be small, and thus the \\(Z'\\) would not be discoverable by the searches conducted thus far. In the context of a simplified phenomenological approach, we consider the \\(Z'\\) and \\(Z'\\) decay modes to show that the requirement of a dilepton pair combined with two high \\(p_T\\) forward jets with large separation in pseudorapidity and with large dijet mass is effective in reducing SM backgrounds. The expected exclusion bounds (at 95\\% confidence level) are \\(m(Z') < 1.8\\) TeV and \\(m(Z') < 2.5\\) TeV in the \\( j_fj_f\\) and \\( j_fj_f\\) channels, respectively, assuming 1000 fb\\(^-1\\) of 13 TeV data from the LHC. The use of the VBF topology to search for massive neutral gauge bosons provides a discovery reach with expected significances greater than 5\\(\\) (3\\(\\)) for \\(Z'\\) masses up to 1.4 (1.6) TeV and 2.0 (2.2) TeV in the \\( j_fj_f\\) and \\( j_fj_f\\) channels.

Recent works on machine learning for combinatorial optimization have shown that learning based approaches can outperform heuristic methods in terms of speed and performance. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an optimal topological order on a directed acyclic graph with focus on the memory minimization problem which arises in compilers. We propose an end-to-end machine learning based approach for topological ordering using an encoder-decoder framework. Our encoder is a novel attention based graph neural network architecture called Topoformer which uses different topological transforms of a DAG for message passing. The node embeddings produced by the encoder are converted into node priorities which are used by the decoder to generate a probability distribution over topological orders. We train our model on a dataset of synthetically generated graphs called layered graphs. We show that our model outperforms, or is on-par, with several topological ordering baselines while being significantly faster on synthetic graphs with up to 2k nodes. We also train and test our model on a set of real-world computation graphs, showing performance improvements.