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•To define pericapsular nerve group block for postoperative shoulder pain•Pericapsular distribution of injectate•Blockade of the articular branches that innervate the glenohumeral joint

The pericapsular nerve group block shows promising results in providing pain relief with a potential motor-sparing effect in hip fracture patients. In this narrative review, we analyze the published articles, and we describe the structures achieved when performing the block. We conducted a literature search to identify the articles performing the pericapsular nerve group block, in the adult or paediatric population, from November 1, 2018, to May 15, 2021. Of the 68 selected articles, 38 were considered eligible, including 1 double-blinded randomized comparative trial, 4 observational studies, and 33 case series and case reports. The technique was described in both acute and chronic pain settings, mainly performed as single shot. All studies described effective analgesia. Quadriceps weakness was experienced in some patients. It has been described as easy to perform and has a low rate of complications. It lacks, however, adequately powered randomized controlled trials to assess its clinical value and efficacy.

•To define Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block•The sensory block extension of the Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block•Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block for arthroscopy of the shoulder

A presente investigação tem como objetivo central de estudo o “Enquadramento Jurídico das habilitações técnicas dos Diretores Técnicos e Técnicos de Exercício Físico, em Portugal Continental – Opinião dos Stakaholders do Mercado do Fitness”. Para esse efeito e, após definição do âmbito, pertinência, objetivos e estrutura do trabalho, efetuámos uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos principais temas inerentes à investigação: estado da arte, conceptualização, perspetiva histórica e demonstração da importância das competências dos Profissionais de Exercício Físico na prestação de um serviço desportivo de qualidade. Assim, procedeu-se à elaboração de 2 estudos e apresentou-se os seguintes resultados: Estudo 1 - Identificar e definir o enquadramento jurídico das habilitações técnicas, dos Diretores Técnicos e Técnicos de Exercício Físico, feito pela “Lei dos Ginásios” em Portugal Continental – foi possível identificar, contextualizar e compreender qual o enquadramento das habilitações técnicas destes profissionais. Parece haver vários problemas de base ao nível do enquadramento jurídico das habilitações técnicas dos Diretores Técnicos e dos Técnicos de Exercício Físico, tal como estabelecidas pela atual Lei, entre as quais o facto de esse enquadramento ser feito por uma tripla legislação consoante estejamos a falar da legislação Continental ou em vigor nas regiões Autónomas, ou seja, três diferentes regimes para uma mesma matéria; o facto de a Lei permitir que existam atividades em ginásios e Health clubs sem a presença de um TEF e/ou de um DT; haver situações sem enquadramento jurídico à luz desta lei, quais sejam o Outdoor Fitness, o Home Fitness e o treino Online; ou, finalmente, a total ausência de uma diferenciação ao nível das qualificações, competências, remuneração e preparação específica necessárias e exigíveis para o exercício da profissão, as quais não poderão, em caso algum, ser as mesmas consoante o tipo de função desempenhada; Por sua vez, no Estudo 2 – Conhecer a perceção dos Stakeholders do mercado do Fitness sobre esse enquadramento jurídico das habilitações técnicas, dos Diretores Técnicos e Técnicos de Exercício Físico, em Portugal Continental – procedeu-se à construção e validação de um instrumento que permitisse identificar, enquadrar e registar a sua opinião e, a posteriori, proceder a uma análise desse conteúdo. Com este estudo pretendeu-se conhecer a opinião dos vários Stakeholders do mercado do Fitness, tendo sido aplicadas 35 entrevistas e realizada uma subsequente análise de conteúdo das mesmas. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística descritiva, tendo sido possível chegar a diversas conclusões, nomeadamente, quanto às figuras jurídicas do DT, do TEF, do âmbito de aplicação da Lei e, finalmente, sobre a existência de uma Ordem de Profissionais de Exercício Físico, em Portugal. Todas essas conclusões foram sendo sempre acompanhadas de excertos e sugestões legais alternativas, por parte dos entrevistados. Por último, importa referir que esta investigação objetiva ser uma “ferramenta” útil para o desenvolvimento do enquadramento legal do setor do Fitness, com vista à obtenção de profissionais mais competentes e, por consequência, da prestação de um melhor serviço nas instalações desportivas e de uma maior adesão e fidelização dos praticantes desportivos.

What are the factors influencing consumers’ green behaviours? Past studies have been discussing this topic, assigning responsibility to different aspects namely economic incentives (Rational Economic Perspective) and genuine concern for the environment (Environmental Concern Perspective). Yet, as social creatures, individuals’ behaviours are also strongly influenced by social factors such as one’s motivation to have high social status and a positive reputation. Drawing on the Costly Signalling Theory, status driven consumers are more predisposed to forgo luxurious products, paying instead more for green options in order to signal their altruism.Assuming that, this research aims to confirm that eliciting status motives incentivizes consumers to prefer green products which are more expensive. Additionally, it is hypothesised that status seekers’ desirability for green products does not decrease when these are temporarily in promotion, since others do not know the context in which the product was bought. Hence, these consumers’ social identity and reputation ends up not being damaged as they continue to be able to signal their self-sacrifice before relevant others.The present research shows that status motives can lead to higher preferences for expensive green products, since buying them grants individuals with reputational benefits. Consequently, status seekers can be considered as less price sensitive than those who are not motivated to attain status. However, contrary to what the signalling literature would predict, when presented with the possibility of buying green products for a promotional price, status driven consumers do not lose their rational thinking, showing a higher preference for the available opportunity.

Jogar o livro, ler o jogo é um estudo comparatista entre a obra de literatura de leitura juvenil, O Sétimo Herói de João Aguiar, a herança da matéria clássica e o videojogo.São abordados os conceitos de literatura infanto-juvenil, estabelecendo um ponto de partida para o estudo comparatista entre a obra em estudo e a matéria clássica, a questão do mito e do conceito de herói.São igualmente abordados os conceitos de ludologia e descritas as principais técnicas do processo de criação de um videojogo, conduzindo à análise do jogo Prince of Persia,em comparação com os conceitos anteriormente desenvolvidos.Em conclusão são apresentados os pontos de convergência e de divergência entre os fenómenos culturais, livros e videojogos.

Until there is an effective implementation of COVID-19 vaccination program, a robust testing strategy, along with prevention measures, will continue to be the most viable way to control disease spread. Such a strategy should rely on disparate diagnostic tests to prevent a slowdown in testing due to lack of materials and reagents imposed by supply chain problems, which happened at the beginning of the pandemic. In this study, we have established a single-tube test based on RT-LAMP that enables the visual detection of less than 100 viral genome copies of SARS-CoV-2 within 30 min. We benchmarked the assay against the gold standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis, RT-PCR, using 177 nasopharyngeal RNA samples. For viral loads above 100 copies, the RT-LAMP assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.1%. Additionally, we set up a RNA extraction-free RT-LAMP test capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 directly from saliva samples, albeit with lower sensitivity. The saliva was self-collected and the collection tube remained closed until inactivation, thereby ensuring the protection of the testing personnel. As expected, RNA extraction from saliva samples increased the sensitivity of the test. To lower the costs associated with RNA extraction, we performed this step using an alternative protocol that uses plasmid DNA extraction columns. We also produced the enzymes needed for the assay and established an in-house-made RT-LAMP test independent of specific distribution channels. Finally, we developed a new colorimetric method that allowed the detection of LAMP products by the visualization of an evident color shift, regardless of the reaction pH.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the most harmful bacteria to human health. Dentistry, like all healthcare disciplines, places great emphasis on preventing scenarios that may result in cross-infection. Although various tested and already used materials are suitable for filling the root canal system, Gutta-Percha (GP) remains the preferred and widely accepted gold standard. Objective: We performed an in vitro analysis of the contamination of GP points, regarding the strains of Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus, using classical microbiology methods and molecular biology techniques. Methods: Gutta-Percha points of two different brands from opened packages (already in use for 1 month) were collected for analysis. The assessment involved incubating the GP points in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium to detect microbial growth. Growing microorganisms were plated on a selective and differential chromogenic medium for MRSA/MSSA strains, and the identification of isolates was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In the case of microbial growth, the GP point was submitted to a disinfection protocol. Results: From the 315 collected GP points, only 6 (1.9%) resulted in being positive for microbial growth. After confirmation by PCR, only one sample of the six GP points was contaminated by MRSA, and the remaining five were MSSA-contaminated. The disinfection protocol was effective in all contaminated GP points. Conclusions: The Gutta-Percha points from opened pre-sterilized packages showed a very low degree of contamination by MRSA/MSSA. However, the detection of MSSA and MRSA strains raises concerns about potential contamination in dental clinic environments, and this risk cannot be considered negligible.