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Polymers are widely used in daily life, but exhibit low strength and low thermal conductivity as compared to most structural materials. In this work, we develop crystalline polymer nanofibers that exhibit a superb combination of ultra-high strength (11 GPa) and thermal conductivity, exceeding any existing soft materials. Specifically, we demonstrate unique low-dimensionality phonon physics for thermal transport in the nanofibers by measuring their thermal conductivity in a broad temperature range from 20 to 320 K, where the thermal conductivity increases with increasing temperature following an unusual ~ T 1 trend below 100 K and eventually peaks around 130–150 K reaching a metal-like value of 90 W m −1  K −1 , and then decays as 1/ T . The polymer nanofibers are purely electrically insulating and bio-compatible. Combined with their remarkable lightweight-thermal-mechanical concurrent functionality, unique applications in electronics and biology emerge. Polymers compared to structural materials usually have low strength and thermal conductivity. Here the authors show a fabrication method to form bio-compatible crystalline polyethylene nanofibers that exhibit ultra-high strength, thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.

P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a role in regulating tumor progression, but it is unclear whether P2X7R affects the pathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer and the activity of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, this study preliminarily investigated the relationship between P2X7R and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer, and further explored the effect of P2X7R on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through functional experiments. The results showed that P2X7R was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cells. High expression of P2X7R was closely related to lymphatic metastasis, vascular invasion and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage in patients with gastric cancer. High expression of P2X7R predicted poor overall survival in patients. Moreover, the activation of P2X7R by ATP and its analogue BzATP increased the calcium current of gastric cancer cells, enhanced YF actin stress and cell viability, and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. While P2X7R antagonists (A438079 and AZD9056) inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells induced by ATP. Therefore, the data obtained in this experiment suggest that P2X7R may be another potential molecular target for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Vertical wells are commonly used for recirculating leachate into a landfill which can offer significant environmental and economic benefits. However, in some cases, the leachate collection and removal system (LCRS) at the bottom is overloaded and clogged due to biological and chemical processes. This results in a relatively high leachate level which could pose a threat to landfill slope stability. This study develops a three-dimensional landfill slope model with vertical recirculation wells and then investigates the effect of LCRS clogging on leachate recirculation and slope stability in terms of leachate saturation, pore water pressure, and factor of safety ( FS ) of a landfill slope. The results show that with an increase in clogging level that is characterized by an increased leachate level, the pore water pressure below the well injection screen is significantly increased by leachate recirculation, giving rise to a decreased slope FS value. In such conditions, the landfill slope formed by highly anisotropic waste is more likely to suffer instability. To prevent this kind of slope failure, a safe injection pressure of vertical recirculation wells is proposed for a wide range of parameter combinations involving waste anisotropy, clogging level, and the setback distance from the slope surface. This design guideline can be used to control the injection pressure in leachate recirculation applications and contributes to a better understanding of the slope stability of a bioreactor landfill.

Background China, especially the Chinese mainland, is a highly endemic area of hepatitis E, and its incidence rate has been increasing in recent years. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E, with a variety of domestic animals as potential hosts. The shift in the main epidemic strain and the increasing trend of zoonotic HEV infection in the Chinese mainland need urgent attention. This systematic review aimed to provide a summary of HEV detection and its characteristics in domestic animals in the Chinese mainland. Methods A total of 1,019 literatures published in Chinese and English before 2024.1.15 were retrieved from four databases including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wan Fang and CNKI. Eventually, 73 eligible studies were included in this review, involving HEV detection data of 64,813 samples collecting from 13 kinds of common domestic animals, locating in 28 provinces and municipalities. Results HEV antibodies and RNA were detected among 12 and 7 kinds of domestic animals respectively, with the pooled prevalence of 37.94% (95% CI:32.28–43.77) and 7.62% (95% CI: 5.56–9.96) respectively. The prevelance of HEV for swine samples was higher than other species. In addition, the prevalence of HEV among Tibetan swine, cattle and goats were also at a relatively high level. Further subgroup analysis focusing on comprehensive data from swine was conducted. The results showed, the seroprevalence of HEV antibodies gradually decreased over the time of sampling. HEV RNA was detected in various samples, including bile, feces, liver, and serum. The detection rate for fecal samples was the highest, which was 16.60% (95% CI: 12.17–21.55). Further genotyping of HEV RNA was classified. The results warn us about the circulation of genotype 3 HEV in the eastern region of the Chinese mainland. Conclusion The results collected from the included studies provided valuable data on HEV prevalence across various species, and the characteristics, trends, and potential influencing factors were fully discussed. This review provides public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers with comprehensive and up-to-date research data on zoonotic HEV.

The adrenal gland responds to heat stress by epinephrine and glucocorticoid release to alleviate the adverse effects. This study investigated the effect of acute heat stress on the protein profile and histone modification in the adrenal gland of layer-type country chickens. A total of 192 roosters were subject to acute heat stress and thereafter classified into a resistant or susceptible group according to body temperature change. The iTRAQ analysis identified 80 differentially expressed proteins, in which the resistant group had a higher level of somatostatin and hydroxy-δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase but a lower parathymosin expression in accordance with the change of serum glucocorticoid levels. Histone modification analysis identified 115 histone markers. The susceptible group had a higher level of tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and showed a positive crosstalk with K36me and K37me in the H3 tails. The differential changes of body temperature projected in physiological regulation at the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suggest the genetic heterogeneity in basic metabolic rate and efficiency for heat dissipation to acclimate to thermal stress and maintain body temperature homeostasis. The alteration of adrenal H3K27me3 level was associated with the endocrine function of adrenal gland and may contribute to the thermotolerance of chickens.

Background Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) faces escalating challenges from increasing drought stress due to erratic climate patterns, threatening yields, and quality. Understanding mango's drought response mechanisms is pivotal for resilience and food security. Results Our RNA-seq analyses unveil 12,752 differentially expressed genes linked to stress signaling, hormone regulation, and osmotic adjustment. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified three essential genes— WRKY transcription factor 3 , polyamine oxidase 4 , and protein MEI2-like 1 —as drought defense components. WRKY3 having a role in stress signaling and defense validates its importance. Polyamine oxidase 4 , vital in stress adaptation, enhances drought defense. Protein MEI2-like 1 's significance emerges, hinting at novel roles in stress responses. Metabolite profiling illuminated Mango’s metabolic responses to drought stress by presenting 990 differentially abundant metabolites, mainly related to amino acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, contributing to a deeper understanding of adaptation strategies. The integration between genes and metabolites provided valuable insights by revealing the correlation of WRKY3 , polyamine oxidase 4 and MEI2-like 1 with amino acids, D-sphingnosine and 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine. Conclusions This study provides insights into mango's adaptive tactics, guiding future research for fortified crop resilience and sustainable agriculture. Harnessing key genes and metabolites holds promise for innovative strategies enhancing drought tolerance in mango cultivation, contributing to global food security efforts.

Combining iron and copper ores can generate an oxygen carrier that has a synergic effect of high temperature resistance and high reactivity. In this work, typical cements available in the market were studied as binders to bind magnetite and chalcopyrite to develop a suitable oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion (CLC). A first selection step suggested that an aluminate cement, namely CA70, could favor the generation of oxygen carrier particles having good crushing strength, good particle yield, and high reactivity. The CA70-bonded oxygen carrier was then subjected to cyclic tests with CH4, CO, and H2 in reduction and in air oxidation at temperatures of 850, 900, and 950 °C with gas concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% in a batch-fluidized bed reactor. The increase in temperature promoted the fuel conversion. At 950 °C, the conversions of CH4 and CO reached up to 80.4% and 99.2%, respectively. During more than 30 cycles, the oxygen carrier kept a similar reactivity to the fresh carrier and maintained its composition and physical properties. The oxygen transport capacity was maintained at 21–23%, and the phases were CuO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and minor CaS. In the used sample, some grains were observed, but the morphology was not greatly changed. Agglomeration was absent during all the cycles, except for the deep reduction with H2.

Dexmedetomidine has received increasing attention for its sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects in perioperative medicine. Numerous studies have been carried out to explore its influence on perioperative patients. This study aimed to identify the most influential literature, trends and hotspots in dexmedetomidine research by bibliometric analysis. Articles and reviews related to dexmedetomidine in perioperative medicine were collected from Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and Citespace software were used for bibliometric analysis and data visualization. A total of 1652 suitable publications were extracted from the database for analysis, including 1,497 articles and 155 reviews. The number of publications in the field of dexmedetomidine research has increased markedly since 2013, with China being the major contributor, followed by United States. published the highest number of papers on this topic. ranked first in terms of average citations per paper and co-citation journal. Ji Fuhai was the most prolific author, and Ma Daqing was the most cited authors. The main hotspots during this period were \"elderly patients\", \"postoperative cognitive dysfunction\", \"injury\" and \"risk factors\". This study presents an overview of the development related to dexmedetomidine in perioperative medicine using bibliometric analysis. Dexmedetomidine research is thriving and expanding rapidly around the world. The effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive function has been the latest research hotspot. To advance research in this field, more rigorous and scientific multi-center studies should be designed and further cooperation and academic exchange should be strengthened.

Background Group A Rotavirus (RVA), despite being an important pathogen in hospitalized children, is less studied in pediatric outpatients, and even rarely investigated in adults. This study aims to understand the genetic diversity of RVA in outpatients across all age groups in Shanghai, and thus providing a molecular basis for vaccine implementation and evaluation. Methods Stool samples were first screened by Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). RVA genotyping was performed through the amplification of partial VP7 and VP4 gene. Strains of interest were further sequenced and analyzed using MEGA 6.0. Results Four thousand nine hundred one samples were collected, from which 7.61% (373 cases) were screened positive for RVA. RVA prevalence was higher in children (9.30%) than in adults (7.21%) (χ 2  = 4.72, P  < 0.05). 9.38% RVA positive cases had taken antibiotics before hospital visit while 49.60% had been prescribed antibiotics afterwards. RVA displayed a strong seasonality in both adults and children with a shared commonality in genotype repertoire, where G9P[8] was the most prevalent strain (67.96%) followed by G3P[8] (15.49%) and G1P[8] (12.32%). Meanwhile the first local case of fecal shedding of the G10P[15] vaccine strain was also discovered. Conclusions While the prevalence of rotavirus is highest during cold seasons, it is revealed for the first time that G9P[8] is the predominant genotype in both adults and pediatric outpatients. Clinically, higher occurrence of nausea or vomiting was observed in RVA positive cases. Antibiotic overuse was implicated in both non-clinical and clinical settings. The finding emphasizes the importance of RVA genotyping in surveillance as it provides the basis for new vaccine application as well as a baseline for future vaccine efficacy evaluation.

Background Inflammation can induce cognitive dysfunction in patients who undergo surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that both acute peripheral inflammation and anaesthetic insults, especially isoflurane (ISO), are risk factors for memory impairment. Few studies are currently investigating the role of ISO under acute peri-inflammatory conditions, and it is difficult to predict whether ISO can aggravate inflammation-induced cognitive deficits. HDACs, which are essential for learning, participate in the deacetylation of lysine residues and the regulation of gene transcription. However, the cell-specific mechanism of HDACs in inflammation-induced cognitive impairment remains unknown. Methods Three-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with single versus combined exposure to LPS injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to simulate acute abdominal inflammation and isoflurane to investigate the role of anaesthesia and acute peripheral inflammation in cognitive impairment. Behavioural tests, Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ChIP assays were performed to detect memory, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, HDAC2, BDNF, c-Fos, acetyl-H3, microglial activity, Bdnf mRNA, c-fos mRNA, and Bdnf and c-fos transcription in the hippocampus. Results LPS, but not isoflurane, induced neuroinflammation-induced memory impairment and reduced histone acetylation by upregulating histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in dorsal hippocampal CaMKII + neurons. The hyperexpression of HDAC2 in neurons was mediated by the activation of microglia. The decreased level of histone acetylation suppressed the transcription of Bdnf and c-fos and the expressions of BDNF and c-Fos, which subsequently impaired memory. The adeno-associated virus Sh Hdac2 , which suppresses Hdac2 after injection into the dorsal hippocampus, reversed microglial activation, hippocampal glutamatergic BDNF and c-Fos expressions, and memory deficits. Conclusions Reversing HDAC2 in hippocampal CaMKII + neurons exert a neuroprotective effect against neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits.