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"Terrell, Katherine"
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The Anglo-Scottish border and the shaping of identity, 1300-1600
\"Theorizing the Borders: Scotland and the Shaping of Identity in Medieval Britain explores the roles that Scotland and England play in one another's imaginations. This collection of essays brings together eminent scholars and emerging voices from the frequently divergent fields of English and Scottish medieval studies to address such questions as: How do subjects on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border define themselves in relation to one another? In what ways do they influence each other's sense of historical, cultural, and national identity? What stories do they tell about one another, and to what ends? How does the shifting political balance--as well as the shifting border--between the two kingdoms complicate notions of Scottishness and Englishness? What happens to important texts, genres, and even poetic forms when they cross this border? How do texts produced in the Anglo-Scottish borderlands transform mainstream notions of Scottish and English identities?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions
Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey data, we analyze performance gaps between male-and female-owned companies in three regions—Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA), Latin America (LA), and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Among our findings are significant gender gaps between male-and femaleowned companies in terms of firm size, but much smaller gaps in terms of firm efficiency and growth (except in LA). Part of the reason women run smaller firms is that they tend to concentrate in sectors in which firms are smaller and less efficient (in ECA and SSA). By contrast, we find no evidence of gender discrimination in access to formal finance in any of the three regions, although in ECA women are less likely than men to seek formal finance. Finally, while female entrepreneurs receive smaller loans than their male counterparts, the returns from each dollar they receive is no lower in terms of overall sales revenue.
Journal Article
Globalization and Innovation in Emerging Markets
Globalization brings opportunities and pressures for domestic firms in emerging markets to innovate and improve their competitive position. Using data from 27 emerging market economies, we estimate the effects of foreign competition and linkages with foreign firms on innovation by domestic firms. We provide robust evidence of a positive relationship between foreign competition and innovation, broadly defined. The supply chain of multinational enterprises and trade are also important channels. There is no evidence for an inverted U relationship between innovation and foreign competition. Moreover, the relationship between globalization and innovation does not differ across the manufacturing and service sectors.
Journal Article
Returns to Human Capital under the Communist Wage Grid and during the Transition to a Market Economy
We estimate returns to human capital during communism and the transition using data on 2,284 men in the Czech Republic. We show: (a) extremely low and constant rates of return to education under the communist wage grid and dramatic increases in transition, which do not differ by firm ownership, (b) radical changes in returns to several fields of study and \"sheepskin effects\" in both regimes, (c) identical wage-experience profile in both regimes, (d) similar 1996 returns to human capital obtained in communism and in transition, and (e) changes in the interindustry wage structure. A decomposition of the variance of wages finds individuals' unobservable effects from communism to persist into transition, but most of the variance is due to unobservable effects introduced in the transition.
Journal Article
FOREIGN INVESTMENT, CORPORATE OWNERSHIP, AND DEVELOPMENT: ARE FIRMS IN EMERGING MARKETS CATCHING UP TO THE WORLD STANDARD?
Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries starts approaching that of firms from advanced economies. Various development policies have been pursued to achieve this convergence. We test for this convergence in two economies that represent alternative models of implementing market-oriented development policies: the Czech Republic and Russia. Using 1992—2000 panel data on virtually all medium and large industrial firms in each country and accounting for endogeneity of ownership, we find that foreign ownership markedly improved the efficiency of firms, whereas domestic private ownership did not; domestic firms are not catching up to the (world) efficiency standard given by foreign-owned firms. This is due in part to a slower growth of efficiency in domestic firms over time. However, foreigners' acquisitions of more efficient domestic firms are also contributing to the gap. Domestic firms closer to the frontier are not more likely to catch up than firms farther from the frontier, although foreign firms do exhibit this behavior. The distance of Russian firms to the efficiency frontier is much larger than that of Czech firms. Nevertheless, after nearly a decade of reforms, neither model of development has resulted in convergence of domestic firms to the world standard.
Journal Article
Institutional Determinants of Labor Reallocation in Transition
The transition process differed in the countries of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and those of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in terms of reallocation of labor real wage, employment and output adjustment. We sift through the theoretical and empirical literature to find an explanation for these diverging adjustment trajectories and conclude that they can be explained by the fact that the CEE countries adopted social policies that upheld wages at the bottom of the distribution forcing the old sector to restructure or collapse while the FSU countries allowed wages to free-fall not forcing the hand of the old sector.
Journal Article
Values and female entrepreneurship
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to research the extent to which different types of values influence a woman's decision to become an entrepreneur.Design methodology approach - The paper constructs a two-stage model to capture the entrepreneurial decision. In the first stage, life values affect the decision to enter the workforce. In the second stage, work values impact the type of employment sought: entrepreneur vs employee.Findings - It is found that women whose life value is that \"men should have scarce jobs before women\" are less likely to participate in the labor force and hence less likely to become an entrepreneur; work values of initiative, achievement, and respect are positively correlated with entrepreneurship.Research limitations implications - The definition of entrepreneurship is limited to those who are self-employed.Practical implications - The findings have important policy implications. If policy makers wish to spur the rate of entrepreneurship among women to make it approach or reach the same rate as men's, raising young women's awareness that they need not hold themselves secondary to men in the job market and instilling in them work values of achievement, initiative, and respect are important.Social implications - If policymakers address values that impede women's economic participation, they have the potential to assist both women's social status as well as their economic well-being.Originality value - The contribution and originality of the work is the synthesis of labor economics and entrepreneurship scholarship in the two-stage model of how values influence a woman's decision to become an entrepreneur.
Journal Article
DISTANCE TO THE EFFICIENCY FRONTIER AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT SPILLOVERS
We establish that domestically owned firms in two alternative models of emerging market economies, the Czech Republic and Russia, have not been converging to the technological frontier set by foreign‐owned firms. In both countries, the distance of domestic firms to the frontier grew (in all parts of the distribution) from 1992–1994 to 1995–1997 and did not change from 1995–1997 to 1998–2000. However, the distance to the frontier is orders of magnitude greater in Russia than in the Czech Republic throughout 1992–2000. We also find in both countries that domestic firms in industries with a greater share of foreign firms are falling behind more than domestic firms in industries with a smaller foreign presence. However, in the Czech Republic this “negative spillover” effect is diminished over time, whereas in Russia it continues to cause domestic firms to fall further behind. Yet, we find in both countries that foreign firms experience positive spillovers from other foreign firms operating in the same product market. This evidence on the dynamics of efficiency is consistent with the view that economies (firms) need to be more technologically advanced and open to competition in order to be able to gain from foreign presence. (JEL: C33, D20, F23, G32, L20, O33)
Journal Article
Distance to the Efficiency Frontier and Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers
We establish that domestically owned firms in two alternative models of emerging market economies, the Czech Republic and Russia, have not been converging to the technological frontier set by foreign-owned firms. In both countries, the distance of domestic firms to the frontier grew (in all parts of the distribution) from 1992-1994 to 1995-1997 and did not change from 1995-1997 to 1998-2000. However, the distance to the frontier is orders of magnitude greater in Russia than in the Czech Republic throughout 1992-2000. We also find in both countries that domestic firms in industries with a greater share of foreign firms are falling behind more than domestic firms in industries with a smaller foreign presence. However, in the Czech Republic this \"negative spillover\" effect is diminished over time, whereas in Russia it continues to cause domestic firms to fall further behind. Yet, we find in both countries that foreign firms experience positive spillovers from other foreign firms operating in the same product market. This evidence on the dynamics of efficiency is consistent with the view that economies (firms) need to be more technologically advanced and open to competition in order to be able to gain from foreign presence.
Journal Article