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"Teshale Tibebu"
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Hegel and the Third World
Hegel, more than any other modern Western philosopher, produced the most systematic case for the superiority of Western white Protestant bourgeois modernity. He established a racially structured ladder of gradation of the peoples of the world, putting Germanic people at the top of the racial pyramid, people of Asia in the middle, and Africans and indigenous peoples of the Americas and Pacific Islands at the bottom. In Hegel and the Third World, Tibebu guides the reader through Hegel’s presentation on universalism and argues that such a classification flows in part from Hegel’s philosophy of the development of human consciousness. Hegel classified Africans as people arrested at the lowest and most immediate stage of consciousness, that of the senses; Asians as people with divided consciousness, that of the understanding; and Europeans as people of reason. Tibebu demonstrates that Hegel’s views were not his alone but reflected the fundamental beliefs of other major figures of Western thought at the time.
eBook
Ethiopia: The \Anomaly\ and \Paradox\ of Africa
Ethiopia is one of a very few ancient African civilizations to survive relatively intact to modern times, but Western scholarship has long sought to de-Africanize Ethiopia. This Western historical conceit is examined.
Journal Article
Conclusion
I HAVE ATTEMPTED IN THIS WORK to show how Hegel invested a significant part of his formidable intellectual power to rationalizing Europe’s global domination of the Third World. In the Philosophy of Right, he justifies the right of “civilized nations in regarding and treating as barbarians those who lag behind them in institutions which are the essential moments of the state. Thus a pastoral people may treat hunters as barbarians, and both of these are barbarians from the point of view of agriculturalists, & c. The civilized nation is conscious that the rights of barbarians are unequal to its own
Book Chapter
Nature and Spirit
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN NATURE AND SPIRIT is central to Hegel’s philosophy, including his philosophy of history. To understand Hegel’s views on history and race, including his portrayal of Africans and people of the Third World at large, we must first consider his theory of the distinction/relation between nature and spirit. For that, we turn to the second part of theEncyclopedia, the Philosophy of Nature.
Hegel asks, “What is nature?” He replies, “It is through the knowledge and the philosophy of nature that we propose to find the answer to this general question.” In the philosophy of nature, “we find
Book Chapter