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By using a low-temperature plasma glow discharge with argon gas and C 2 H 2 as a carbon source, niobium carbide thin films were applied on a commercially pure titanium substrate. The coatings were deposited in three different deposition times: Group-1 with 2-h deposition time, group-2 with 4-h deposition time and group-3 with 6-h deposition time. The films were analysed for phase composition, microstructure, surface morphology, roughness and wettability as a function of deposition time. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest the formation of various phases (either orthorhombic-Nb 2 C or cubic-NbC). It is worth noting that deposition time affects the crystal structure of both phases, with Nb 2 C having a more noticeable effect due to a noticeable shift in the related XRD pattern. This might be attributable to changes in carbon content and sputtered niobium ions throughout the deposition process when the chamber gas conditions were verified to form phase pure NbC. The scanning electron microscopy images of the deposited NbC films display a microstructure that shows good regularity and homogeneity; a uniform morphology is revealed with an agglomerating characteristic of the material. Increased deposition time results in less surface roughness, according to atomic force microscope analysis. In contrast, the measurements of the water contact angle revealed only a little improvement in wettability as the deposition period increased.

The nanotechnology field plays an important role in the improvement of dental implant surfaces. However, the different techniques used to coat these implants with nanostructured materials can differently affect cells, biomolecules and even ions at the nano scale level. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the structural, biomechanical and histological characterization of nano titania films produced by either modified laser or dip coating techniques on commercially pure titanium implant fixtures. Grade II commercially pure titanium rectangular samples measuring 35 × 12 × 0.25 mm length, width and thickness, respectively were coated with titania films using a modified laser deposition technique as the experimental group, while the control group was dip-coated with titania film. The crystallinity, surface roughness, histological feature, microstructures and removal torque values were investigated and compared between the groups. Compared with dip coating technique, the modified laser technique provided a higher quality thin coating film, with improved surface roughness values. For in vivo examinations, forty coated screw-designed dental implants were inserted into the tibia of 20 white New Zealand rabbits’ bone. Biomechanical and histological evaluations were performed after 2 and 4 weeks of implantation. The histological findings showed a variation in the bone response around coated implants done with different coating techniques and different healing intervals. Modified laser-coated samples revealed a significant improvement in structure, surface roughness values, bone integration and bond strength at the bone-implant interface than dip-coated samples. Thus, this technique can be an alternative for coating titanium dental implants.

To enhance the properties of titanium and its alloys for implant applications, NbC thin films were deposited on commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb specimens using a low-temperature plasma glow discharge technique with argon gas and C2H2 as a carbon source. Vicker's hardness tests were conducted, revealing significantly increased hardness in the coated samples, a finding supported by statistical analysis. This increased surface hardness will potentially improve the wear resistance and load-bearing capabilities, which are essential factors for dental and orthopedic implants. The study aligns with previous research on NbC's properties, positioning it as a promising material for dental implants. Importantly, the study underscores the reliability of the coating technique for implant surface modification.

Material-coated implants are placed in the bone and play an essential role in bone regeneration and rapid healing around implants. Polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials is a promising composite material for coating implants. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing various concentrations of zein with CaSiO3 on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as implant material. The coating was performed using the electrospray method. PEEK disks were used as a control group. The coated disks with different concentrations of zein–CaSiO3 (Group 1: 10% wt, 90% wt), (Group 2: 20% wt, 80% wt), and (Group 3%: 30% wt, 70% wt) were the experimental group. Each group was characterized by atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, and adhesion strength. The lowest water contact angle was obtained for Group 1: 10% wt and 90% wt were (26.64° and 27.13°, respectively), and increasing amounts of zein in comparison to quantities of CaSiO3 resulted in increased adhesion strength of the composite material to the substrate. The current study suggested that the higher amount of zein compared to the amount of CaSiO3 mixture coating is achieved by electrospraying, a favorable candidate for coating implants compared to uncoated and coated disks with low concentrations of zein compared to concentrations of CaSiO3.

Material‐coated implants are placed in the bone and play an essential role in bone regeneration and rapid healing around implants. Polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials is a promising composite material for coating implants. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing various concentrations of zein with CaSiO 3 on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as implant material. The coating was performed using the electrospray method. PEEK disks were used as a control group. The coated disks with different concentrations of zein–CaSiO 3 (Group 1: 10% wt, 90% wt), (Group 2: 20% wt, 80% wt), and (Group 3%: 30% wt, 70% wt) were the experimental group. Each group was characterized by atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, and adhesion strength. The lowest water contact angle was obtained for Group 1: 10% wt and 90% wt were (26.64° and 27.13°, respectively), and increasing amounts of zein in comparison to quantities of CaSiO 3 resulted in increased adhesion strength of the composite material to the substrate. The current study suggested that the higher amount of zein compared to the amount of CaSiO 3 mixture coating is achieved by electrospraying, a favorable candidate for coating implants compared to uncoated and coated disks with low concentrations of zein compared to concentrations of CaSiO 3 .