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Rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is being increasingly recognized as an etiological agent of human rickettsial disease globally. The agent is transmitted through the bite of an infected vector, the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis , however there is to date, no consensus on the pathogen’s vertebrate reservoir, required for the maintenance of this agent in nature. This study for the first time, demonstrates the role of the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) as a vertebrate reservoir of R. felis . The ability of dogs to sustain prolonged periods of rickettsemia, ability to remain asymptomatically infected with normal haematological parameters and ability to act as biological vehicles for the horizontal transmission of R. felis between infected and uninfected fleas provides indication of their status as a mammalian reservoir of this emerging zoonosis.

Antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance in surface water are issues of global concern, especially in developing countries. In this study, the occurrence of seven antibiotics and one antiparasitic agent was determined in surface water samples collected from four rivers running through Hanoi urban area in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. The pharmaceuticals in water samples were analyzed by solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals in our samples ranged from 3050 to 16,700 (median 7800) ng/L, which were generally higher than levels found in river water from many other locations in the world. Amoxicillin, oxfendazole, and lincomycin were the most dominant and frequently detected compounds (detection rate 100%), which together accounted for 76 ± 14% of total concentrations. Sulfacetamide and sulfamethoxazole were detected at moderate concentrations in more than two-thirds of the analyzed samples. The remaining antibiotics (i.e., azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) were found at lower detection frequency and concentrations. Antibiotic concentrations in the water samples were not significantly different between the investigated rivers. Meanwhile, levels of pharmaceuticals in the samples collected in February 2020 were higher than those found in the remaining samples, largely due to the sharp decrease in sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin concentrations of the samples collected in March and April. Considerable ecological risks of antibiotics in surface water were estimated for some compounds such as amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin.

The government of Vietnam has selected shrimp production and exports as the pillars of rural economic development. The targets set depend on high yields through production intensification. International and national public research communities have raised production intensification concerns related to environmental and climate change challenges, such as saltwater intrusion, water pollution, disease outbreaks, mangrove destruction, and natural resource degradation. Social snags such as user right conflicts of water resources, food safety problems, tariff barriers, and attempts to taint the industry’s image by competitors also plague the industry. These give rise to the problem of certification and questions about the influence of standards on the small-scale farming sustainability in a competitive global environment. The questions asked are, how can one bring together small-scale shrimp farmers to comply with international standards? Can small-scale shrimp farming co-exist with super-intensive producers to bring about a sustainable and competitive industry? A proposed model to horizontally organize the limited resource farmers into cooperatives to vertically integrate with large-scale firms producing shrimp using super-intensive production methods shows small-scale farmers adopting super-intensive production methods that can generate higher yields, income, profits, and is more environmentally friendly and requires less water and land. The capital requirements are high for limited resource farmers. However, with the interest showed by banks in financing models that are appropriate for small-scale farms integrated with larger firms engaged in super-intensive production systems, along with government assistance, these small-scale shrimp producing units can attain higher levels of sustainability than the open, less intensive production systems.

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a critical role in English learning, as it fosters a better understanding of language nuances, enhances learner motivation, and improves communication skills, thereby leading to a more effective and enriching learning experience. However, the impact of EI on English language acquisition among Vietnamese learners remains underexplored creating a gap in educational studies. This study aimed to investigate the Vietnamese students’ perspectives of the impacts of EI on their second language acquisition (SLA). A mixed-methods approach was employed combining quantitative data collected through a questionnaire and qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews. The study involved 105 English-major students selected through convenience sampling. The findings revealed a positive correlation between EI and SLA, with characteristics such as motivation, self-confidence, interpersonal skills, a goal-oriented mindset, and emotional openness significantly impacting language learning outcomes. These findings have implications for language learning theory, pedagogy, and curriculum development, emphasizing the need to address learners’ emotional well-being and incorporate EI skills within language learning contexts. By integrating these elements, educators can create a conducive learning environment that enhances both linguistic and emotional competencies.

Uncertainty about efficiency and sustainability of shrimp production due to diseases and climatic events may prevent Vietnam from attaining US $10 million target from shrimp exports by 2025. We surveyed 120 and 159 shrimp farmers from Khánh Hòa and Trà Vinh provinces, respectively, to obtain information on their input use, production levels and the effects of diseases and climate change events on their farm profitability. Stochastic production frontier analysis (SFA) discovered that the number of workers, crops and seed costs positively influenced farmers’ profits, while cost of chemicals and labour negatively affected the profit of Khánh Hòa farmers. The number of workers and chemical costs positively affected profits in Trà Vinh, while cost of labour and energy, the number of crops and average stocking density negatively influenced farmer profit in Trà Vinh. Number of years of schooling, experience and average size of ponds positively influenced economic efficiency, while the number of ponds and climatic change events negatively influenced efficiency in Khánh Hòa province. Age and alternative power source positively affected economic efficiency, while disease prevalence affected efficiency of Trà Vinh. All farms practicing intensive or extensive shrimp production achieved 90% efficiency. The government should encourage the wise use of resources, high-quality seeds and a sensitive balance between intensive and extensive culture to sustainably attain its national production and export goals.

Background Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a vaginal inflammation characterized by disruption of the lactobacillus microbiota and increased counts of different aerobic bacteria. AV may result in severe complications, especially during pregnancy, including preterm delivery, neonatal and maternal infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AV in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the relationship between AV and pregnancy outcomes.  Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study included 323 pregnant women attending for routine antenatal care in the Hue University Hospital. Vaginal samples collected at the third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated for AV according to the scoring system of Donders and cultured for identification of predominant bacteria. Pregnancy was followed to its end, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded for both mothers and infants. Results The proportion of pregnant women diagnosed with AV in the third trimester was found to be 15.5%, with the vast majority of the cases (84%) displaying the light AV and 16% the moderate AV. The vaginal cultures in the women with AV revealed most frequently Streptococcus agalactiae (6%), followed by Enterococcus spp (4%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (2%). In addition, AV during the last trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of puerperal sepsis (OR 8.65, 95% CI: 1.41—53.16, p  = 0.020) and there was a slightly increased risk for neonatal infections, which was statistically insignificant. Conclusions The proportion of AV is relatively high in Vietnamese pregnant women. Since it is associated with an increased risk of puerperal sepsis, it needs to be diagnosed and treated before delivery.

Background Early essential newborn care has been implemented in countries regardless high or low neonatal mortality. This study aims to investigate the current practice of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and its effect on exclusive breastfeeding during the hospital stay. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 1812 Vietnamese mothers in multicenter. A questionnaire answered by the mothers was used to assess the duration of both SSC and breastfeeding practices. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify a dose–response relationship between early SSC and prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in hospital. Results There were 88.7% of mothers experiencing SSC with their infants right after birth and the highest prevalence of SSC was found in district hospitals. Among those experiencing SSC, 18.8% of the infants received more than 90 min of SSC and completed the first breastfeeding during SSC time. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding during maternity hospital stay was 46.7%. We found a significant dose–response relation between the duration of SSC and exclusive breastfeeding in hospital. Compared with infants without SSC, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was higher in infants who experienced SSC for 15–90 min (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [95%-CI]: 2.62 [1.61–4.27]) and more than 90 min (aOR [95%-CI]: 5.98 [3.48–10.28]). Completed first breastfeeding during SSC time (aOR [95%-CI]: 4.24 [3.28–5.47]) and being born in district hospitals (aOR [95%-CI]: 2.35 [1.79–3.09]) were associated with increased prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay. On the other hand, mother education level as high school/intermediate (aOR [95%-CI]: 0.58 [0.42–0.82]) and place of residence classified as rural decreased odds of exclusive breastfeeding in hospital (aOR [95%-CI]: 0.78 [0.61–0.99]). Conclusion Our results demonstrate a strong dose–response relationship between duration of SSC and exclusive breastfeeding in hospital. Interventions that support exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay, especially achieving prolonged uninterrupted SSC, could improve the duration of breastfeeding.

This academic paper investigates the intricate relationships among population dynamics, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach and fixed panel data method to examine the nexus between population, CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam. The data is collected at the World Bank from 2000 to 2023. As the nation undergoes rapid economic development and urbanization, understanding the nexus between population growth, environmental impact and the transition to renewable energy sources becomes crucial. The study employs a multidimensional analytical approach that integrates demographic trends, environmental science and energy economics to unveil novel evidence into the complex interplay of these factors. The significant findings indicate a positive trajectory in renewable energy consumption, with notable contributions from solar, wind and hydropower sources. Concurrently, population growth, particularly in urban centres, correlates with increased CO2 emissions, emphasizing the role of demographic shifts in environmental impact. Policy implications derived from these results underscore the need for integrated strategies. Targeted policies promoting renewable energy in urban centres, incentivizing cleaner industrial practices and fostering community engagement emerge as crucial avenues for sustainable development. In essence, this study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic relationships among population dynamics, CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam, offering a foundation for evidence-based policymaking and guiding future research endeavours in sustainable development.

This study investigates the impact of earnings management through real transactions (REM) on corporate financial performance (FP), mediated by sustainability disclosure. Using a sample of 192 companies listed on the Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) from 2019 to 2023, the authors analyze the effect of REM on FP, measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q, representing accounting-based and market-based performance, respectively. The study also examines the mediating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure in this relationship, given its growing importance. Control variables include company size (SIZE), financial strength (Z-SCORE), growth (GROWTH), and audit quality (AUDIT). Secondary data from financial statements and primary ESG scores based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard are analyzed using STATA. Findings reveal that REM negatively impacts FP, with ESG disclosure acting as a significant mediator. The results suggest that firms engaging in REM undermine their financial performance, particularly when sustainability transparency is considered. Consequently, the study emphasizes the need for businesses to prioritize long-term development, strengthen ESG practices, and curb REM activities to sustain financial health and stakeholder trust. Practical implications highlight the importance of integrating ESG standards into corporate strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of short-term earnings manipulation.

The primary objective of this investigation is to attain a profound understanding of the favored English language acquisition strategies of self-identified extroverted learners in Vietnam. Employing a mixed-methods paradigm, the study used both survey questionnaires and qualitative interviews to gather data. The research participants, majoring in English, were instructed to self-determine their extroversion inclination based on the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The sample encompassed 17 self-proclaimed extroverted students, with a deliberately selected subset partaking in the qualitative interview segment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to understand extroverted students’ preferences for different strategies. The qualitative data were further analyzed through thematic analysis, providing comprehensive perspectives on the students’ experiences and proclivities. Findings revealed that extroverted students favored cognitive, compensatory and metacognitive approaches. The implications of this research bear significant importance for language education, particularly in regions where English proficiency is paramount for economic competitiveness and scholarly achievement. By discerning the preferred learning strategies of extroverted students, teachers can devise captivating lessons, administer targeted feedback and advocate efficacious techniques that nurture self-awareness, growth and evolution. This may culminate in a more personalized and effective language learning experience, intensifying motivation and success in language acquisition. The study contributes to the overarching knowledge and apprehension of language learning, offering valuable insights for future research in the discipline.