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"Thomas, Edward"
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The impact of cost and price fluctuations on U.S. hardwood sawmill profit
While public reports exist about hardwood log and lumber prices, sawmills’ operating costs are proprietary, and few records are publicly available. Operating costs make up a considerable share of a sawmill’s cost structure and are, therefore, crucial for understanding the fiscal health of a given operation. Using the assumption that today’s depressed lumber and residue markets result in sawmills, on average, making no profit and incurring no loss, this study estimated operation costs of a hypothetical 4, 8, and 12 MMBF production hardwood sawmill in the eastern United States producing red oak lumber. Using this knowledge and the Log Recovery Analysis Tool (LORCAT), this study found that a sawmill’s financial well-being is highly dependent on hardwood log and operating costs as well as lumber prices. A 0.1% change in any of these factors will lead to a statistically significant change in profit for a sawmill. For example, with a 12 MMBF/year production sawmill, a 0.1% increase in operating cost would reduce profit by$4,510 but would increase profit $ 4,536 with an operating cost decrease of 0.1%. Similar observations can be made for log cost while lumber prices contribute even more to the volatility of the financial well-being of a sawmill.
Journal Article
South Sudan
In 2011, South Sudan became independent following a long war of liberation, that gradually became marked by looting, raids and massacres pitting ethnic communities against each other. In this remarkably comprehensive work, Edward Thomas provides a multi-layered examination of what is happening in the country today. Writing from the perspective of South Sudan's most mutinous hinterland, Jonglei state, the book explains how this area was at the heart of South Sudan's struggle.
Drawing on hundreds of interviews and a broad range of sources, this book gives a sharply focused, fresh account of South Sudan's long, unfinished fight for liberation.
eBook
Standard deviation: Standardized bat monitoring techniques work better in some ecosystems
Standardized monitoring strategies are often used to study spatial and temporal ecological patterns and trends. Such approaches are applied for many study taxa, including bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera). However, local characteristics of individual field sites, including species assemblages, terrain, climatic factors, and presence or lack of landscape features, may affect the efficacy of these standardized surveys. In this paper, we completed mist-netting surveys for bats in two widely separated field sites, Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (CBR), a Mexican lowland tropical forest, and Krka National Park (KNP), a Mediterranean dry scrub forest in Croatia. Standardized surveys were conducted along predefined transects for six hours. We also completed targeted surveys in KNP that focused on the key bat activity period (the first two to three hours after sunset), with nets being deployed at sites of known or assumed value to bats (independent of predefined transects). We analyzed how survey success differed in standardized surveys between CBR and KNP and between standardized and targeted surveys in KNP. Survey success was measured through three parameters: capture rate = the number of individual bats captured per net hour, inventory rate = the number of unique bat species recorded per net hour, and inventory efficacy = the percentage of known species assemblage recorded per net hour across all surveys. Results for all three parameters indicate that standardized surveys in CBR were vastly more effective than those in KNP (e.g., mist-netting in CBR detected 69.8% of the species assemblage, compared to just 8.3% in KNP), and it was only by employing targeted mist-netting in KNP that meaningful capture rates could be achieved. This study contributes further evidence to discussions around how and when standardized survey methods should be employed, and the alternative approaches that can be taken in ecosystems where generally effective methods underperform.
Journal Article
Understanding English grammar : a linguistic introduction
\"Language is primarily a tool for communication, yet many textbooks still treat English grammar as simply a set of rules and facts to be memorised by rote. This new textbook is made for students who are frustrated with this approach and would like instead to understand grammar and how it works. Why are there two future tenses in English? What are auxiliaries and why are they so confusing? Why are English motion verbs hard to use? Why are determiners so important in English? These and many other frequently asked questions are answered in this handy guide. Student learning is supported with numerous exercises, chapter summaries and suggestions for further reading. An accompanying website offers further resources, including additional classroom exercises and a chance to interact with the author. It is the essential grammar toolkit for students of English language and linguistics and future teachers of English as a Second Language\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Echinoderms
Chronic inflammation can extensively burden a healthcare system. Several synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are currently available in clinical practice, but each has its own side effect profile. The planet is gifted with vast and diverse oceans, which provide a treasure of bioactive compounds, the chemical structures of which may provide valuable pharmaceutical agents. Marine organisms contain a variety of bioactive compounds, some of which have anti-inflammatory activity and have received considerable attention from the scientific community for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. This review describes such bioactive compounds, as well as crude extracts (published during 2010–2022) from echinoderms: namely, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and starfish. Moreover, we also include their chemical structures, evaluation models, and anti-inflammatory activities, including the molecular mechanism(s) of these compounds. This paper also highlights the potential applications of those marine-derived compounds in the pharmaceutical industry to develop leads for the clinical pipeline. In conclusion, this review can serve as a well-documented reference for the research progress on the development of potential anti-inflammatory drugs from echinoderms against various chronic inflammatory conditions.
Journal Article
Harvesting entropy and quantifying the transition from noise to chaos in a photon-counting feedback loop
Many physical processes, including the intensity fluctuations of a chaotic laser, the detection of single photons, and the Brownian motion of a microscopic particle in a fluid are unpredictable, at least on long timescales. This unpredictability can be due to a variety of physical mechanisms, but it is quantified by an entropy rate. This rate, which describes how quickly a system produces new and random information, is fundamentally important in statistical mechanics and practically important for random number generation. We experimentally study entropy generation and the emergence of deterministic chaotic dynamics from discrete noise in a system that applies feedback to a weak optical signal at the single-photon level. We show that the dynamics transition from shot noise to chaos as the photon rate increases and that the entropy rate can reflect either the deterministic or noisy aspects of the system depending on the sampling rate and resolution.
The unpredictability of physical systems can depend on the scale at which they are observed. For example, single photons incident on a detector arrive at random times, but slow intensity variations can be observed by counting many photons over large time windows. We describe an experiment in which we modulate a weak optical signal using feedback from a single-photon detector. We quantitatively demonstrate a transition from single-photon shot noise to deterministic chaos. Furthermore, we show that measurements of the entropy rate of a system with small-scale noise and large-scale deterministic fluctuations can resolve both behaviors. We describe how quantifying entropy production can be used to evaluate physical random number generators.
Journal Article