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"Thomas, Elizabeth"
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Reduce, reuse, recycle
Shows readers simple ways they can use the things they have and make less waste. The text also explains why reducing, reusing, and recycling can help protect land, water, and air.
Book
Subjective versus objective cognition during menopause: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review existing measures of subjective cognition during menopause and to estimate the correlation between subjective and objective cognition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Eligible studies reported scores for at least one subjective and objective measure of cognition for perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for eligible studies on November 22
2024. The risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated using a modified QUADAS-2 form. The results of the review were summarized in narrative form. Studies that reported correlations between subjective and objective cognition were synthesized using a multilevel meta-analysis.
The sample included 5629 participants over 24 studies, including 295 perimenopausal women, 5086 postmenopausal women, and 248 women across mixed peri- and post-menopausal samples. Twelve measures of subjective cognition were used across studies. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. A small significant correlation was observed between subjective cognition and objective measures of learning efficiency (
= .12; CI = .02 to .23). Correlations across other cognitive domains were non-significant.
Our findings suggest subjective cognition may be associated with performance on measures of learning efficiency, offering a starting point for further research on menopausal brain fog. The present findings highlight the need for a reliable measure of subjective cognitive symptoms associated with menopause. Additionally, a better characterization of the neuropsychological profile of menopausal brain fog is needed to progress research in this field and ultimately improve clinical support for women experiencing these symptoms.
Journal Article
Goblin sharks
An introduction to goblin sharks, including physical features, habitat, life cycle, food, and more.
Book
Among the bone eaters : encounters with hyenas in Harar
Biologists studying large carnivores in wild places usually do so from a distance, using telemetry and noninvasive methods of data collection. So what happens when an anthropologist studies a clan of spotted hyenas, Africa's second-largest carnivores, up close—and in a city of a hundred thousand inhabitants? In Among the Bone Eaters, Marcus Baynes-Rock takes us to the ancient city of Harar in Ethiopia, where the gey waraba (hyenas of the city) are welcome in the streets and appreciated by the locals for the protection they provide from harmful spirits and dangerous \"mountain\" hyenas. They've even become a local tourist attraction. At the start of his research in Harar, Baynes-Rock contended with difficult conditions, stone-throwing children, intransigent bureaucracy, and wary hyena subjects intent on avoiding people. After months of frustration, three young hyenas drew him into the hidden world of the Sofi clan. He discovered the elements of a hyena's life, from the delectability of dead livestock and the nuisance of dogs to the unbounded thrill of hyena chase-play under the light of a full moon. Baynes-Rock's personal relations with the hyenas from the Sofi clan expand the conceptual boundaries of human-animal relations. This is multispecies ethnography that reveals its messy, intersubjective, dangerously transformative potential.
eBook
Great white sharks
Introduces readers to facts about great white sharks, including physical features, habitat, life cycle, food, and more.
Book
Rate of normal lung function decline in ageing adults: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies
ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review investigating the normal age-related changes in lung function in adults without known lung disease.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched for eligible studies from inception to February 12, 2019, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists and clinical trial registries.Eligibility criteriaWe planned to include prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (control arms) that measured changes in lung function over time in asymptomatic adults without known respiratory disease.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently determined the eligibility of studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsFrom 4385 records screened, we identified 16 cohort studies with 31 099 participants. All included studies demonstrated decline in lung function—forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with age. In studies with longer follow-up (>10 years), rates of FEV1 decline ranged from 17.7 to 46.4 mL/year (median 22.4 mL/year). Overall, men had faster absolute rates of decline (median 43.5 mL/year) compared with women (median 30.5 mL/year). Differences in relative FEV1 change, however, were not observed between men and women. FEV1/FVC change was reported in only one study, declining by 0.29% per year. An age-specific analysis suggested the rate of FEV1 function decline may accelerate with each decade of age.ConclusionsLung function—FEV1, FVC and PEFR—decline with age in individuals without known lung disease. The definition of chronic airway disease may need to be reconsidered to allow for normal ageing and ensure that people likely to benefit from interventions are identified rather than healthy people who may be harmed by potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The first step would be to apply age, sex and ethnicity-adjusted FEV1/FVC thresholds to the disease definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018087066.
Journal Article
Bottlenose dolphins
\"Introduces facts about bottlenose dolphins, including physical features, habitat, life cycle, food, and threats to these ocean creatures. Photos, captions, and keywords supplement the narrative of this informational text\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Effects of Pharmacological Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in Huntington’s Disease Mice
An important epigenetic modification in Huntington's disease (HD) research is histone acetylation, which is regulated by histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. HDAC inhibitors have proven effective in HD model systems, and recent work is now focused on functional dissection of the individual HDAC enzymes in these effects. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a member of the class I subfamily of HDACs, has previously been implicated in neuronal toxicity and huntingtin-induced cell death. Hence, we tested the effects of RGFP966 ((E)-N-(2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-cinnamyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acrylamide), a benzamide-type HDAC inhibitor that selectively targets HDAC3, in the N171-82Q transgenic mouse model of HD. We found that RGFP966 at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg improves motor deficits on rotarod and in open field exploration, accompanied by neuroprotective effects on striatal volume. In light of previous studies implicating HDAC3 in immune function, we measured gene expression changes for 84 immune-related genes elicited by RGFP966 using quantitative PCR arrays. RGFP966 treatment did not cause widespread changes in cytokine/chemokine gene expression patterns, but did significantly alter the striatal expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif), a hormone immune modulator associated with glial cell activation, in N171-82Q transgenic mice, but not WT mice. Accordingly, RGFP966-treated mice showed decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, a marker of astrocyte activation, in the striatum of N171-82Q transgenic mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. These findings suggest that the beneficial actions of HDAC3 inhibition could be related, in part, with lowered Mif levels and its associated downstream effects.
Journal Article
The hidden life of life : a walk through the reaches of time
\"Provides an overview of the commonality of life on Earth. Inspired by the idea of symbiosis in evolution, the book explores the challenges and behaviors shared by creatures from bacteria to humans and all those in between\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting and Time-Restricted Feeding Compared to Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss
The current obesity epidemic is staggering in terms of its magnitude and public health impact. Current guidelines recommend continuous energy restriction (CER) along with a comprehensive lifestyle intervention as the cornerstone of obesity treatment, yet this approach produces modest weight loss on average. Recently, there has been increased interest in identifying alternative dietary weight loss strategies that involve restricting energy intake to certain periods of the day or prolonging the fasting interval between meals (i.e., intermittent energy restriction, IER). These strategies include intermittent fasting (IMF; >60% energy restriction on 2–3 days per week, or on alternate days) and time-restricted feeding (TRF; limiting the daily period of food intake to 8–10 h or less on most days of the week). Here, we summarize the current evidence for IER regimens as treatments for overweight and obesity. Specifically, we review randomized trials of ≥8 weeks in duration performed in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in which an IER paradigm (IMF or TRF) was compared to CER, with the primary outcome being weight loss. Overall, the available evidence suggests that IER paradigms produce equivalent weight loss when compared to CER, with 9 out of 11 studies reviewed showing no differences between groups in weight or body fat loss.
Journal Article