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"Thomas, Kenneth P"
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Exploring Patterns of Tax Increment Financing Use and Structural Explanations in Missouri's Major Metropolitan Regions
This article examines tax increment financing (TIF) in Kansas City and St. Louis, two heavy users of the tool under the same statutory authority. Based on a complete database of TIF projects through 2013 (2012 for Kansas City) and numerous interviews with local government officials in both metropolitan areas, we explore the TIF use of these two cities, which have different structural aspects and have gone through sharp policy changes, to examine if central cities that use different strategies beget different outcomes in their suburban areas. We document distinctly different patterns of use in the two central cities. When St. Louis dramatically increased its TIF use under Mayor Francis Slay, the number of projects per year in the suburbs increased. Kansas City suburbs appeared to fill the gap in TIF use when the city sharply decreased its use of TIF under Mayor Mark Funkhouser. More research is needed to determine the factors that drive these mixed effects and if they hold true by context and in other metropolitan areas.
Journal Article
Regulating Investment Attraction: Canada's Code of Conduct on Incentives in a Comparative Context
Le gouvernement du Canada a inclus dans l'Accord sur le commerce intérieur adopté en 1994 un Code de conduite en matière de stimulants qui interdit aux gouvernements provinciaux d'offrir des subventions pour favoriser la relocalisation d'entreprises venant d'une autre province. Dans cet article, basé sur des entrevues menées auprès de fonctionnaires fédéraux, de consultants en développement économique et de fonctionnaires de toutes les provinces spécialisés en stimulation des investissements et en commerce intérieur, je montre que l'incidence des activités de « braconnage » et la taille des entreprises relocalisées à la suite de celles-ci ont diminué, quoique que le phénomène soit toujours présent. Mes observations indiquent par ailleurs que ce sont toutefois les changements de gouvernement qu'il y a eu dans les provinces, plus que le Code de conduite en matière de stimulants, qui ont entraîné les progrès réalisés. In 1994's Agreement on Internal Trade, Canada's governments included a Code of Conduct on Incentives, which banned provincial subsidies to induce the relocation of existing facilities from one province to another. Based on interviews with federal officials, economic development consultants, and investment attraction and internal trade officials in all ten provinces, this article finds that the incidence of poaching and the size of relocated facilities have declined; however, significant instances of poaching remain. Moreover, the evidence suggests that the positive outcomes are more due to changes in provincial governments than any effect of the code.
Journal Article
Regulating Investment Attraction: Canada's Code of Conduct on Incentives in a Comparative Context
In 1994's Agreement on Internal Trade, Canada's governments included a Code of Conduct on Incentives, which banned provincial subsidies to induce the relocation of existing facilities from one province to another. Based on interviews with federal officials, economic development consultants, and investment attraction and internal trade officials in all ten provinces, this article finds that the incidence of poaching and the size of relocated facilities have declined; however, significant instances of poaching remain. Moreover, the evidence suggests that the positive outcomes are more due to changes in provincial governments than any effect of the code.
Journal Article
Rethinking Global Political Economy
Rethinking Global Political Economy contains incisive analysis of history, linguistics, class, culture, empirical data and normative concerns.
This important volume presents innovative approaches to fundamental issues in global political economy. Together they provide multiple arguments and avenues for rethinking global political economy in a time of turmoil and system transformation. It will appeal to those interested in seeing new perspectives and healthy heterodoxy in the study of political economy.
Mary Ann Tétreault is Una Chapman Cox Distinguished Professor of International Affairs at Trinity University, USA. Robert A. Denemark is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at University of Delaware, USA. Kenneth P. Thomas is Associate Professor of Political Science and Fellow of the Center for International Studies at University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA. Kurt Burch is Associate Professor in Political Science at St Olaf College, USA.
eBook
Polyphosphoric-acid Modification of Asphalt Binders
Three compositionally different binders were modified (1.5 wt %) by the addition of polyphosphoric acid (105%). The rheological and thermodynamic properties of the unmodified and acid-modified binders are compared. These same properties for the unaged and aged binders are also compared in the report. Acid modification increases the complex modulus at 58°C and the increase is persistent in the aged, modified binders. The impact of acid modification on the thermodynamic properties of the binders is variable, with binder AAM-1, which contains microcrystalline wax and has a substantially higher average molecular weight, being the exception. In all cases, the glass transition temperature is reduced and, in general, the height of the transition is reduced, while the width is increased. These thermodynamic results indicate that the changes for binders ABD and AAD-1 are consistent with the conversion of some of the maltenes to asphaltenes and for AAM-1 the results are consistent with a conversion of some asphaltenes to maltenes.
Journal Article
NMR Analysis of Polyphosphoric Acid-modified Bitumens
Phosphorous-31 NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the behavior of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) in bitumen. Phosphorous NMR spectra were acquired on a PPA-modified bitumen immediately after blending, and on samples that were stored at 135°C for different periods of time. The initial NMR spectra showed resonances characteristic of phosphorous atoms in orthophosphoric acid, and in middle and end groups of phosphate chains. However, over time the number of phosphorous atoms in the middle and end groups decreased, indicating a preference of polyphosphoric acid to revert back to the orthophosphoric acid in the presence of bitumen. The NMR data did not suggest the formation of organic phosphate esters as a result of PPA modification. Phosphorous NMR spectra were also acquired on bitumen samples modified with Elvaloy® in which polyphosphoric acid was used as a catalyst. The data showed that over time only one type of phosphorous atom remained in the bitumen. The NMR data suggest that the PPA did not react with Elvaloy® to form esters.
Journal Article
The Politics of an Emergent Global Regime for Controlling Tax Competition
This article probes what I call the emergent global regime for controlling tax competition. Since at least the early 1990s, states have perceived that competition for investment, whether through direct subsidies or tax incentives, threatens to undermine the fiscal underpinnings of the modern state, particularly in terms of its provision of social welfare programs. As states have provided financial or fiscal subsidies to capital (especially mobile capital), they have had to compensate through some combination of imposing higher levels of taxation on other actors, running higher deficits, and cutting spending. Each has shown itself to have substantial problems, and the response of states has now come full circle: to reconsider the competition for investment that causes the fiscal problems in the first place.
Journal Article
Capital mobility and trade policy: the case of the Canada-US Auto Pact
Capital mobility is a central determinant of trade policy. Increasing capital mobility creates pressures for trade liberalization, which in itself represents a further increase in capital mobility. Not only does increasing capital mobility orient firm preferences to reducing barriers to trade and strengthen firms relative to other actors in society, it raises the costs to governments of protection, in terms of employment, consumer prices, production and balance of payments effects. Governments can accept these costs, which is why trade liberalization is not automatic, but it is likely that governments will eventually liberalize, as did Canada in the case examined here. This article thus seeks to extend recent work on the trade preferences of multinational corporations by demonstrating the independent yet complementary effects of capital mobility on firm and government preferences.
Journal Article