Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
1,901
result(s) for
"Thomas, Mathew"
Sort by:
One Goal: Health for All; Post-COVID Public Health Initiatives
Summary
WHO's theme on its 75th year, \"Health for All\", is both appropriate and meaningful on account of the unfinished agenda of primary health care (PHC), the Sustainable Development Goals, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Kerala experience of the pandemic amply demonstrated that the application of these PHC principles helped to address diverse aspects of physical, mental, and social dimensions. The need for 'internalization' of One Health principles and operational strategies cannot be over-emphasized.
Journal Article
Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories
More than 60% of human infectious diseases are caused by pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals. Zoonotic disease organisms include those that are endemic in human populations or enzootic in animal populations with frequent cross-species transmission to people. Some of these diseases have only emerged recently. Together, these organisms are responsible for a substantial burden of disease, with endemic and enzootic zoonoses causing about a billion cases of illness in people and millions of deaths every year. Emerging zoonoses are a growing threat to global health and have caused hundreds of billions of US dollars of economic damage in the past 20 years. We aimed to review how zoonotic diseases result from natural pathogen ecology, and how other circumstances, such as animal production, extraction of natural resources, and antimicrobial application change the dynamics of disease exposure to human beings. In view of present anthropogenic trends, a more effective approach to zoonotic disease prevention and control will require a broad view of medicine that emphasises evidence-based decision making and integrates ecological and evolutionary principles of animal, human, and environmental factors. This broad view is essential for the successful development of policies and practices that reduce probability of future zoonotic emergence, targeted surveillance and strategic prevention, and engagement of partners outside the medical community to help improve health outcomes and reduce disease threats.
Journal Article
Surface Modification of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles with Biotinylated β-Cyclodextrin as a Biocompatible Therapeutic Agent for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Applications
Bismuth oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be utilized in a variety of applications. This paper describes a new route to the surface modification of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) using functionalized beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a biocompatible system. The synthesis of Bi2O3 NP was done using PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) as the reductant and the Steglich esterification procedure for the functionalization of β-CD with biotin. Ultimately, the Bi2O3 NPs are modified using this functionalized β-CD system. The particle size of the synthesized Bi2O3 NPs is found to be in the range of 12–16 nm. The modified biocompatible systems were characterized using different characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric analysis (DSC). Additionally, the antibacterial and anticancerous effects of the surface-modified Bi2O3 NP system were also investigated.
Journal Article
Cardiac herniation post left upper lobectomy and thymectomy: a case report
Background
Cardiac herniation occurs when there is a residual pericardial defect post thoracic surgery and is recognised as a rare but fatal complication. It confers a high mortality and requires immediate surgical correction upon recognition. We present a case of cardiac herniation occurring post thymectomy and left upper lobectomy.
Case presentation
Initial presentation
: A 48-year-old male, hypertensive smoker presented with progressive breathlessness and was found to have a left upper zone mass confirmed on CT biopsy as carcinoid of unclear origin. PET-CT revealed avidity in a left anterior mediastinal area, left upper lobe (LUL) lung mass, mediastinal lymph nodes, and a right thymic satellite nodule.
Intraoperatively
: Access via left thoracotomy and sternotomy. The LUL tumour involved the left thymic lobe (LTL), left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left phrenic nerve and intervening mediastinal fat and pericardium, which were resected en-masse. The satellite nodule in the right thymic lobe (RTL) was adjacent to the junction between the left innominate vein and superior vena cava (SVC). The pericardium was resected from the SVC to the left atrial appendage.
Clinical deterioration
: Initially the patient was doing well clinically on day 1, however there was sudden bradycardia, hypotension, clamminess, and oligoanuria, with raised central venous pressures and troponins. ECG: no capture in leads V1-2, but positive deflections seen on posterior leads. Echo: no acoustic windows, but good windows seen posteriorly. CXR: left mediastinal shift.
Redo operation
: After initial resuscitation and stabilisation on the intensive care unit, on day 2 a redo-sternotomy revealed cardiac herniation into the left thoracic cavity with the left ventricular apex pointing towards the spine, and inferior caval kinking. After reduction and repair of the pericardial defect with a fenestrated GoreTex patch, the patient recovered well with complete resolution of the ECG and CXR.
Conclusion
Cardiac herniation can even occur following sub-pneumonectomy lung resections and should be considered as a differential when faced with a sudden clinical deterioration, warranting early surgical correction.
Journal Article
Enhancing Triage Efficiency and Accuracy in Emergency Rooms for Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Triage Using ChatGPT 4.0
Background: Accurate and efficient triage is crucial for prioritizing care and managing resources in emergency rooms. This study investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence system, in assisting health providers with decision-making for patients presenting with metastatic prostate cancer, focusing on the potential to improve both patient outcomes and resource allocation. Methods: Clinical data from patients with metastatic prostate cancer who presented to the emergency room between 1 May 2022 and 30 April 2023 were retrospectively collected. The primary outcome was the sensitivity and specificity of ChatGPT in determining whether a patient required admission or discharge. The secondary outcomes included the agreement between ChatGPT and emergency medicine physicians, the comprehensiveness of diagnoses, the accuracy of treatment plans proposed by both parties, and the length of medical decision making. Results: Of the 147 patients screened, 56 met the inclusion criteria. ChatGPT had a sensitivity of 95.7% in determining admission and a specificity of 18.2% in discharging patients. In 87.5% of cases, ChatGPT made the same primary diagnoses as physicians, with more accurate terminology use (42.9% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.02) and more comprehensive diagnostic lists (median number of diagnoses: 3 vs. 2, p < 0.001). Emergency Severity Index scores calculated by ChatGPT were not associated with admission (p = 0.12), hospital stay length (p = 0.91) or ICU admission (p = 0.54). Despite shorter mean word count (169 ± 66 vs. 272 ± 105, p < 0.001), ChatGPT was more likely to give additional treatment recommendations than physicians (94.3% vs. 73.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our hypothesis-generating data demonstrated that ChatGPT is associated with a high sensitivity in determining the admission of patients with metastatic prostate cancer in the emergency room. It also provides accurate and comprehensive diagnoses. These findings suggest that ChatGPT has the potential to assist health providers in improving patient triage in emergency settings, and may enhance both efficiency and quality of care provided by the physicians.
Journal Article
RG evolution and effect of intermediate new-physics on ∆B = 1 four-fermion operators
A
bstract
Motivated by the stringent experimental bounds on proton lifetime and the need for precise low-energy predictions, there has been renewed interest in the renormalization group (RG) evolution of Wilson coefficients for baryon number violating (BNV) operators and their characteristic new-physics scales. In this work, we analyze the RG running of dimension-6 four-fermion operators in the
MS
¯
scheme that mediate nucleon decay channels such as
p
→
e
+
π
0
, while systematically accounting for the impact of baryon number conserving (BNC) new-physics that can enter the theory at an intermediate scale as higher-dimensional effective field theory operators. These BNC operators mix with BNV ones at 1-loop and alter the RG flow. The running is performed from the electroweak scale up to representative intermediate scales of 10
4
GeV, 10
6
GeV, and 10
9
GeV, corresponding to possible thresholds for new BNC degrees of freedom. Comparing the RG evolved coefficients with current experimental bounds on nucleon decay lifetimes, we find that the inclusion of BNC-BNV mixing, dominated by top quark loops, can significantly lower the effective proton decay scale to ∼ 10
7
GeV, thus mitigating the need of a large desert. A Python package (Available at:
https://github.com/rp-winter/Nucleon-Decay-SMEFT
) is provided to facilitate the RG evolution of nucleon-decay Wilson coefficients, allowing for the inclusion of generic BNC effects.
Journal Article
RG evolution and effect of intermediate new physics on ∆B = 2 six-quark operators
A
bstract
The recent observation of possible 11 neutron-antineutron (
) oscillation candidates with an expected background of 9.3 ± 2.7 events at Super-Kamiokande has renewed the interest in ∆
B
= 2 transitions. In this work, we analyze the Renormalization Group (RG) running of mass dimension-9 six-quark operators, in
scheme, that generate processes like
nn
→
π
0
π
0
, deuteron decay,
oscillations etc, evolving them from the electroweak scale to baryon number violation (BNV) scale (
(10
3
TeV)). Our goal is to systematically account for the influence of potential new physics at intermediate energies (≳
(10 TeV)), especially given the fact that
Large Hadron Collider
has not ruled out new physics beyond ~ 10 TeV. To comprehensively investigate their influence, we consider two scenarios: (i) a minimal setup with only Standard Model degrees of freedom up to the high scale at
(10
3
TeV), and (ii) an extended framework involving scalar and vector bosons above ~ 10 TeV up till BNV scale. To facilitate further studies, we also provide a Python script that performs RG evolution of the BNV Wilson coefficients in the presence of generic bosonic new physics at any intermediate energy scale. It can be modified easily to meet the needs of the user to investigate the running of the BNV Wilson coefficients. We then compare the result with the experimental bound from the neutron-antineutron oscillation process and constrain the scale of baryon number violating new physics. The code and instructions can be downloaded from
https://github.com/rp-winter/bnv-running
.
Journal Article