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Separate games : African American sport behind the walls of segregation
The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these \"separate games\" provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination.
Book
What Is (Fake) News? Analyzing News Values (and More) in Fake Stories
‘Fake news’ has been a topic of controversy during and following the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Much of the scholarship on it to date has focused on the ‘fakeness’ of fake news, illuminating the kinds of deception involved and the motivations of those who deceive. This study looks at the ‘newsness’ of fake news by examining the extent to which it imitates the characteristics and conventions of traditional journalism. Through a content analysis of 886 fake news articles, we find that in terms of news values, topic, and formats, articles published by fake news sites look very much like traditional—and real—news. Most of their articles included the news values of timeliness, negativity, and prominence; were about government and politics; and were written in an inverted pyramid format. However, one point of departure is in terms of objectivity, operationalized as the absence of the author’s personal opinion. The analysis found that the majority of articles analyzed included the opinion of their author or authors.
Journal Article
Ralph Lemon
Ralph Lemon (born 1952) is one of the most significant figures to emerge from New Yorks downtown dance and performance world in the past 40 years. A polymath and shape-shifter, Lemon combines dance and theater with drawing, film, writing and ethnography in works presented on the stage, in publications and in museums. He builds his politically resonant and deeply personal projects in collaboration with dance makers and artists from New York, West Africa, South and East Asia, and the American South. Lemon, who was born in Cincinnati and raised in Minneapolis, describes his explorations as a \"search for the forms of formlessness.\" Absorbing and transmuting fractured mythologies, social history and dance techniques from multiple geographies and decades, Lemons genre-transcending works perform an alchemy of past and present, reality and fantasy. This book, the first monograph on the artist, features a wide range of texts by scholars and performers, an original photo essay by Lemon and an extensive chronology.
BOOK
Anisotropic engineered heart tissue made from laser-cut decellularized myocardium
We have developed an engineered heart tissue (EHT) system that uses laser-cut sheets of decellularized myocardium as scaffolds. This material enables formation of thin muscle strips whose biomechanical characteristics are easily measured and manipulated. To create EHTs, sections of porcine myocardium were laser-cut into ribbon-like shapes, decellularized and mounted in specialized clips for seeding and culture. Scaffolds were first tested by seeding with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. EHTs beat synchronously by day five and exhibited robust length-dependent activation by day 21. Fiber orientation within the scaffold affected peak twitch stress, demonstrating its ability to guide cells toward physiologic contractile anisotropy. Scaffold anisotropy also made it possible to probe cellular responses to stretch as a function of fiber angle. Stretch that was aligned with the fiber direction increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide, but off-axis stretches (causing fiber shear) did not. The method also produced robust EHTs from cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). hiPSC-EHTs achieved maximum peak stress of 6.5 mN/mm
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and twitch kinetics approaching reported values from adult human trabeculae. We conclude that laser-cut EHTs are a viable platform for novel mechanotransduction experiments and characterizing the biomechanical function of patient-derived cardiomyoctyes.
Journal Article
Positive Psychology Interventions in Practice
\"This book presents recent advancements in positive psychology, specifically its application across broad areas of current interest. Chapters include submissions from various international authors in the field and cover discussion and presentation of relevant research, theories, and applications. The volume covers topics such as CBT, Psychotherapy, Coaching, Workplaces, Aging, Education, Leadership, Emotion, Interventions, Measurement, Technology, Design, Health, Relationships, Experiences, Communities. With the growing interest in the applications of positive psychology across diverse fields within psychology and beyond, this book will make a worthwhile contribution to the field. It will also fill the current need for a volume that highlights specifically the various recent advancements in positive psychology into diverse fields and as such will be of benefit to a wide range of professionals, including psychologists, educators, clinicians, therapists, and many others.\" -- Publisher's website.
Book
Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting versus Stent Implantation
Using data derived from two large New York State registries, this study compared three-year survival rates among patients with multivessel coronary disease who had undergone coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) and those who had received a coronary stent. Survival rates were uniformly superior with CABG. Although this study was not randomized, it has important implications for the selection of revascularization procedures in patients with multivessel coronary disease.
This study compared three-year survival rates among patients with multivessel coronary disease who had undergone coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) and those who had received a coronary stent.
Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have long been the definitive aggressive options for treating patients with coronary artery disease. In the past few years, several randomized clinical trials
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and observational studies
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have examined the relative long-term benefits of these interventions. However, with few exceptions, these studies were conducted before the availability of stenting.
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We used observational data from a very large registry to compare short-term and long-term outcomes among patients with multivessel disease who underwent CABG or stenting in New York State hospitals.
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The two main databases used in . . .
Journal Article
Global decline in net primary production underestimated by climate models
Marine net primary production supports critical ecosystem services and the carbon cycle. However, the lack of consensus in the direction and magnitude of projected change in net primary production from models undermines efforts to assess climate impacts on marine ecosystems with confidence. Here we use contemporary remote sensing net primary production trends (1998–2023) from six remote sensing algorithms to discriminate amongst fifteen divergent model projections. A model ranking scheme, based on the similarity of linear responses of net primary production to changes in sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-
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and the mixed layer, finds that future declines in net primary production are more likely than presently predicted. Even the best ranking models still underestimate the sensitivity of declines in net primary production to ocean warming, suggesting shortcomings remain. Reproducing this greater temperature sensitivity may lead to even larger declines in future net primary production than presently considered for impact assessment.
Earth system models underestimate the decline in net primary productivity associated with ocean warming, meaning future net primary productivity decline is more likely than currently estimated, according to a ranking of Earth system models using remote sensing data.
Journal Article
Infrapatellar fat pad resection during total knee arthroplasty: yet another reason for?
Correspondence to Dr Thomas J Ryan, Department of Orthopaedics, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; Tom-ryan@hotmail.com There has been an interesting series of commentaries based on the initial paper by Pan et al. 1–4 I note with interest the suggestion by Binks et al 4 that to preserve the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and perform later arthroscopic resection on a case by case basis may be a viable option for management of anterior knee pain (AKP) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Current arguments in support of preserving the IPFP are largely based around the incidence of postoperative AKP.5 6 One area of conflicting evidence is the incidence of patella tendon shortening, also known as patella baja, after resection. [...]with recent studies showing a lack of patella tendon shortening post IPFP resection, limiting one argument for its preservation, this may be more accepted in the future. Infrapatellar fat pad excision during total knee arthroplasty did not alter the patellar tendon length: a 5-year follow-up study.
Journal Article
Evaluation of Chlorophyll-a and POC MODIS Aqua Products in the Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean (SO) is highly sensitive to climate change. Therefore, an accurate estimate of phytoplankton biomass is key to being able to predict the climate trajectory of the 21st century. In this study, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), on board EOS Aqua spacecraft, Level 2 (nominal 1 km × 1 km resolution) chlorophyll-a (C S a t ) and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC s a t ) products are evaluated by comparison with an in situ dataset from 11 research cruises (2008–2017) to the SO, across multiple seasons, which includes measurements of POC and chlorophyll-a (C i n s i t u ) from both High Performance Liquid Chromatography (C H P L C ) and fluorometry (C F l u o ). Contrary to a number of previous studies, results highlighted good performance of the algorithm in the SO when comparing estimations with HPLC measurements. Using a time window of ±12 h and a mean satellite chlorophyll from a 5 × 5 pixel box centered on the in situ location, the median C S a t :C i n s i t u ratios were 0.89 (N = 46) and 0.49 (N = 73) for C H P L C and C F l u o respectively. Differences between C H P L C and C F l u o were associated with the presence of diatoms containing chlorophyll-c pigments, which induced an overestimation of chlorophyll-a when measured fluorometrically due to a potential overlap of the chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-c emission spectra. An underestimation of ∼0.13 mg m − 3 was observed for the global POC algorithm. This error was likely due to an overestimate of in situ POC i n s i t u measurements from the impact of dissolved organic carbon not accounted for in the blank correction. These results highlight the important implications of different in situ methodologies when validating ocean colour products.
Journal Article
Spatial and temporal development of phytoplankton iron stress in relation to bloom dynamics in the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean
The high-latitude North Atlantic (HLNA) is characterized by a marked seasonal phytoplankton bloom, which removes the majority of surface macronutrients. However, incomplete nitrate depletion is frequently observed during summer in the region, potentially reflecting the seasonal development of an iron (Fe) limited phytoplankton community. In order to investigate the seasonal development and spatial extent of iron stress in the HLNA, nutrient addition experiments were performed during the spring (May) and late summer (July and August) of 2010. Grow-out experiments (48–120 h) confirmed the potential for iron limitation in the region. Short-term (24 h) incubations further enabled high spatial coverage and mapping of phytoplankton physiological responses to iron addition. The difference in the apparent maximal photochemical yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv:Fm) between nutrient (iron) amended and control treatments (Δ(Fv:Fm)) was used as a measure of the relative degree of iron stress. The combined observations indicated variability in the seasonal cycle of iron stress between different regions of the Irminger and Iceland Basins of the HLNA, related to the timing of the annual bloom cycle in contrasting biogeochemical provinces. Phytoplankton iron stress developed during the transition from the prebloom to peak bloom conditions in the HLNA and was more severe for larger cells. Subsequently, iron stress was reduced in regions where macronutrients were depleted following the bloom. Iron availability plays a significant role in the biogeochemistry of the HLNA, potentially lowering the efficiency of one of the strongest biological carbon pumps in the ocean.
Journal Article