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\"This book presents recent advancements in positive psychology, specifically its application across broad areas of current interest. Chapters include submissions from various international authors in the field and cover discussion and presentation of relevant research, theories, and applications. The volume covers topics such as CBT, Psychotherapy, Coaching, Workplaces, Aging, Education, Leadership, Emotion, Interventions, Measurement, Technology, Design, Health, Relationships, Experiences, Communities. With the growing interest in the applications of positive psychology across diverse fields within psychology and beyond, this book will make a worthwhile contribution to the field. It will also fill the current need for a volume that highlights specifically the various recent advancements in positive psychology into diverse fields and as such will be of benefit to a wide range of professionals, including psychologists, educators, clinicians, therapists, and many others.\" -- Publisher's website.

We report on a universal method to measure the genuine indistinguishability ofnphotons—a crucial parameter that determines the accuracy of optical quantum computing. Our approach relies on a low-depth cyclic multiport interferometer withN=2nmodes, leading to a quantum interference fringe whose visibility is a direct measurement of the genuinen-photon indistinguishability. We experimentally demonstrate this technique for an eight-mode integrated interferometer fabricated using femtosecond laser micromachining and four photons from a quantum dot single-photon source. We measure a four-photon indistinguishability up to0.81±0.03. This value decreases as we intentionally alter the photon pairwise indistinguishability. The low-depth and low-loss multiport interferometer design provides an original path to evaluate the genuine indistinguishability of resource states of increasing photon number.

Dairy farming requires forages with high neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to maximize milk production, sustain cows’ health, and ensure the economic and environmental sustainability of the dairy farm. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of the brown midrib (BMR) genotype, agronomic environment, and maturity at harvest on the NDF digestibility (NDFD) and the composition of the cell wall of corn plant tissues. In this plot study, one conventional and one BMR corn hybrid were planted and subjected to an abundant (60,000 seeds/ha and 225 kg N/ha) and a limited (90,000 seeds/ha and 180 kg N/ha) environment. The ruminal NDFD was determined in vitro in leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and stem internodes. Cell walls from BMR corn had greater NDFD than cell walls from conventional corn on most tissues. Relative to the abundant environment, the limited environment had minimal effects on NDFD. As maturity advanced, NDFD decreased for various but not all tissues. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, intrinsic characteristics of corn, such as genotype and maturity at harvest, had a greater effect on NDFD than environment or agronomic management.

Background and Objective The most recently approved biologics for moderate-to-severe psoriasis are the interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 inhibitors. Drug survival is a frequently used outcome to assess drug performance in practice. An overview of the available drug survival studies regarding IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to assess the drug survival of IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors for psoriasis. Methods A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted (last search 27 December, 2023). Inclusion criteria were (1) cohort study; (2) patients aged ≥ 18 years with plaque psoriasis; and (3) evaluation of drug survival of at least one of the IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors. Exclusion criteria were: primary focus on patients with psoriatic arthritis, fewer than ten study subjects and another language than English. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline was followed. Survival probabilities at monthly intervals were extracted from Kaplan–Meier curves using a semi-automated tool. Data were pooled using a non-parametric random-effects model to retrieve distribution-free summary survival curves. Summary drug survival curves were constructed per biologic for different discontinuation reasons: overall, ineffectiveness and adverse events, and split for the effect modifier biologic naivety. Results were analysed separately for registry/electronic health record data and for pharmacy/claims data. Results A total of 69 studies aggregating drug survival outcomes of 48,704 patients on secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, guselkumab, risankizumab, and tildrakizumab were included. Summary drug survival estimates of registry/electronic health record studies for overall, ineffectiveness and adverse event related drug survival were high (all point estimates ≥ 0.8 at year 1) for included biologics, with highest estimates for guselkumab and risankizumab. All estimates for drug survival were higher in biologic naive than in experienced patients. Estimates of pharmacy/claims databases were substantially lower than estimates from the primary analyses based on registry/electronic health record data. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that the investigated IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors had high drug survival rates, with highest rates for guselkumab and risankizumab drug survival. We showed that effect modifiers such as biologic naivety, and the source of data used (registry/electronic health record data vs pharmacy/claims databases) is relevant when interpreting drug survival studies.

Filamentous basidiomycetes are uncommon agents of human diseases, despite their ubiquitous presence in the environment. We present a case of symptomatic pulmonary infection in a 38-year-old male with cough and fever; a thin-walled cyst in the posterior left upper pulmonary lobe was revealed by radiography. A non-sporulating fungus was isolated from sputum and biopsy material from the cyst. ITS and LSU sequences placed the fungus phylogenetically in Agaricales, family Cyphellaceae, and identified it as a member of shelf fungi in Gloeostereum, but without identity to any known species. The new species is described as Gloeostereum cimri. The clinical strain showed high MIC to voriconazole (>8 µg/ml) but had low MIC to amphotericin B (0.5 µg/ml).

Purpose: The aims of this study were (a) to assess the efficacy of the Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers (VAULT) treatment and (b) to compare treatment outcomes for expressive vocabulary acquisition in late talkers in 2 conditions: 3 target words/90 doses per word per session versus 6 target words/45 doses per word per session. Method: We ran the treatment protocol for 16 sessions with 24 primarily monolingual English-speaking late talkers. We calculated a d score for each child, compared treatment to control effect sizes, and assessed the number of words per week children acquired outside treatment. We compared treatment effect sizes of children in the condition of 3 target words/90 doses per word to those in the condition of 6 target words/45 doses per word. We used Bayesian repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bayesian t tests to answer our condition-level questions. Results: With an average treatment effect size of almost 1.0, VAULT was effective relative to the no-treatment condition. There were no differences between the different dose conditions. Discussion: The VAULT protocol was an efficacious treatment that has the potential to increase the spoken vocabulary of late-talking toddlers and provides clinicians some flexibility in terms of number of words targeted and dose number, keeping in mind the interconnectedness of treatment parameters.

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.

GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects individuals of all ages. Favorable outcomes using adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy in GM1 mice and cats have prompted consideration of human clinical trials, yet there remains a paucity of objective biomarkers to track disease status. We developed a panel of biomarkers using blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electrodiagnostics, 7 T MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in GM1 cats—either untreated or AAV treated for more than 5 years—and compared them to markers in human GM1 patients where possible. Significant alterations were noted in CSF and blood of GM1 humans and cats, with partial or full normalization after gene therapy in cats. Gene therapy improved the rhythmic slowing of electroencephalograms (EEGs) in GM1 cats, a phenomenon present also in GM1 patients, but nonetheless the epileptiform activity persisted. After gene therapy, MR-based analyses revealed remarkable preservation of brain architecture and correction of brain metabolites associated with microgliosis, neuroaxonal loss, and demyelination. Therapeutic benefit of AAV gene therapy in GM1 cats, many of which maintain near-normal function >5 years post-treatment, supports the strong consideration of human clinical trials, for which the biomarkers described herein will be essential for outcome assessment. GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal, untreatable neurodegenerative disease of children and adults. Gray-Edwards and colleagues demonstrate >5-year survival in AAV-treated GM1 cats and describe novel minimally invasive biomarkers for use in clinical trials. Analyses of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalography, MRI, and MRS are included from GM1 cats and human patients.

Recent research has confirmed that between 25% and 33% of all hospitalized patients experience unacceptable levels of pain. Studies further indicate that this reduces patient satisfaction levels, lengthens hospital stays, and increases cost. Hospitals are aiming to discharge patients earlier, and this can interfere with adequate pain management. Therefore, the pain service at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital has adapted to this changing model of care. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that psychological factors are key components of patients' pain experiences in both acute and chronic pain. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a clinical psychologist should be involved in inpatient pain management. This small study discusses three cases that highlight how patient care could be improved by including a clinical psychologist as part of the inpatient pain team. Two cases particularly highlight the active role of the psychologist in the diagnosis and management of common conditions such as fear and anxiety, along with other psychiatric comorbidities. The management therefore employed an eclectic approach adapted from chronic pain and comprising of behavioral, cognitive behavioral, and dialectical behavioral therapeutic techniques blended with brief counseling. The third case exemplifies the importance of nurse-patient interactions and the quality of nurse-patient relationships on patient outcomes. Here, the psychologist helped to optimize communication and to resolve a difficult and potentially risk-laden situation. This small case series discusses the benefits derived from the involvement of a clinical psychologist in the management of inpatient pain, and therefore illustrates the need for novel initiatives for inpatient pain services. However, future research is warranted to validate this approach.