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"Thompson, David R"
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Interventions for mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing in long COVID: a systematic review of registered trials
Among patients diagnosed with COVID-19, a substantial proportion are experiencing ongoing symptoms for months after infection, known as 'long COVID'. Long COVID is associated with a wide range of physical and neuropsychological symptoms, including impacts on mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing. However, intervention research is only beginning to emerge. This systematic review synthesizes currently registered trials examining interventions for mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing in patients with long COVID.
Standard systematic review guidelines were followed. Trials registered in two large trial registries in 2020 to May 2022 were reviewed. Included studies were narratively synthesized by type of intervention and a risk-of-bias assessment was conducted.
Forty-two registered trials were included, with a total target sample size of 5814 participants. These include 11 psychological interventions, five pharmacological and other medical interventions, and five evaluating herbal, nutritional, or natural supplement interventions. An additional nine trials are examining cognitive and neurorehabilitation interventions and 12 are examining physiotherapy or physical rehabilitation. Most trials are randomized, but many are feasibility trials; trials are evaluating a wide spectrum of outcomes.
While there is a newly emerging body of research testing interventions for mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing in long COVID, the breadth and scope of the research remains limited. It is urgently incumbent on researchers to expand upon the intervention research currently under way, in order to generate high-quality evidence on a wide range of candidate interventions for diverse long COVID patient populations.
Journal Article
Quantifying the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to source mineralogy uncertainty
The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled dust mineral speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responds region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation and underlying shortwave surface albedo: positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28 and negatively otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single scattering albedo at the 0.44–0.63 µm band are most sensitive to the fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within −0.23 to +0.35 W/sq. m. Approximately 97 % of this range relates to uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of shortwave DRE by +0.10 W/sq. m at the TOA, as goethite is not as absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (∼2 %). An improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more accurate estimates of the dust DRE.
Journal Article
The lived experience of long COVID: A qualitative study of mental health, quality of life, and coping
The majority of people who contract COVID-19 experience a short period of symptomatic infection. However, symptoms persist for months or years following initial exposure to the virus in some cases. This has been described as long COVID. Little is known about the lived experience of this condition, as it has only recently emerged. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mental health, quality of life, and coping among people living with long COVID. A sample of 47 adults with lived experience participated in web-based focus groups. Separate focus groups were held for 24 individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions and 23 individuals without pre-existing mental health conditions. Data were analyzed using a codebook thematic analysis approach. Five themes were identified as integral to the long COVID experience: The Emotional Landscape of Long COVID, New Limits to Daily Functioning, Grief and Loss of Former Identity, Long COVID-related Stigmatization, and Learning to Cope with Persisting Symptoms. These findings illustrate the immense impact of long COVID on mental health and quality of life. Minimal differences were found between those with and those without pre-existing mental health conditions, as both groups were substantially impacted by the condition. Attention to the perspectives of people with lived experience of long COVID is necessary to inform future directions for research and clinical practice.
Journal Article
Spectral and Radiometric Calibration of the Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG)
We describe advanced spectral and radiometric calibration techniques developed for NASA’s Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG). By employing both statistically rigorous analysis and utilizing in situ data to inform calibration procedures and parameter estimation, we can dramatically reduce undesirable artifacts and minimize uncertainties of calibration parameters notoriously difficult to characterize in the laboratory. We describe a novel approach for destriping imaging spectrometer data through minimizing a Markov Random Field model. We then detail statistical methodology for bad pixel correction of the instrument, followed by the laboratory and field protocols involved in the corrections and evaluate their effectiveness on historical data. Finally, we review the geometric processing procedure used in production of the radiometrically calibrated image data.
Journal Article
The Carbon Mapper emissions monitoring system
The Carbon Mapper emissions monitoring system contributes to the broader ecosystem of greenhouse gas observations by locating and quantifying CH4 and CO2 super emitters at facility scale across priority regions globally and making the data accessible and actionable. The system includes observing platforms, an operational monitoring strategy optimized for mitigation impact, and a data platform that delivers CH4 and CO2 data products for diverse stakeholders. Operational scale-up of the system is centered around a new constellation of hyperspectral satellites. The Carbon Mapper Coalition (hereafter Tanager) satellites are each equipped with an imaging spectrometer instrument designed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory that are assembled, launched and operated by Planet Labs. The first Tanager satellite (Tanager-1) was launched 16 August 2024 completed commissioning in January 2025 and continued to improve observational efficiency through summer 2025. Planet is currently working to expand the constellation to four Tanagers. Each imaging spectrometer instrument has a spectral range of about 400–2500 nm, 5 nm spectral sampling, a nadir spatial resolution of 30 m, and nadir swath width of about 19 km at the lowest orbital altitude. Each satellite is capable of imaging 250 000 km2 per day on average. By combining the results of independent controlled release testing with empirical evaluation of the radiometric, spectral, spatial, and retrieval noise performance of the Tanager-1 spectrometer, we predict minimum detection limits of about 64–126 kgCH4 h−1 for CH4 point sources and about 10 078–18 994 kgCO2 h−1 for CO2 point sources for images with 25 % albedo, 45° solar zenith angle, and 3 m s−1 wind speed. A review of the first 11 months of Tanager-1 CH4 and CO2 observations including initial validation with coordinated aircraft under-flights and non-blind controlled release testing indicates that the system is meeting performance requirements and, in many cases, surpassing expectations. We also present early evaluations in challenging onshore and offshore observational conditions and summarize the first use of Tanager data to guide the timely mitigation of a CH4 super emitter.
Journal Article
Interventions to support mental health in people with long COVID: a scoping review
Introduction
Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem disease with symptoms lasting weeks or months beyond the acute COVID-19 infection. Several manifestations are reported by people with LC, including effects on mental health, with varying degrees of psychological distress and disturbances to daily activities. Research conducted to identify effective interventions to support mental health among people with LC has been limited by the breadth and scope of studies.
Aim
This review aims to identify interventions being tested to support mental health of people with LC.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted by searching five databases for articles published between January 2020 and early October 2022 to identify research evaluating interventions focused on improving mental health symptoms associated with LC. Results from all sources were checked for eligibility by two reviewers, and agreements were resolved by discussion. Gray literature and reference list of included studies and relevant reviews were scrutinised to identify any additional studies. Data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer for accuracy.
Results
Of the 940 studies identified, 17 were included, the design of which varied but included mainly case studies (
n
= 6) and clinical trials (
n
= 5). Several interventions were described, ranging from single interventions (e.g., pharmacologic) to more holistic, comprehensive suites of services (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic). Several mental health outcomes were measured, mostly anxiety and depression. All included studies were reported to be associated with improvements in participants’ mental health outcomes.
Conclusion
This scoping review identified studies reporting on a variety of interventions to support mental health among people with LC. Although positive changes were reported by all studies, some were case studies and thus their findings must be interpreted with caution. There is a need for more research to be conducted to identify the impact of interventions on mental health of people with LC.
Journal Article
Swept under the carpet: a qualitative study of patient perspectives on Long COVID, treatments, services, and mental health
Background
A constellation of often disabling long-term physical symptoms enduring after an acute SARS-COV-2 infection is commonly referred to as Long COVID. Since Long COVID is a new clinical entity, research is required to clarify treatment needs and experiences of individuals affected. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to provide insight into Long COVID treatment and service experiences and preferences of individuals experiencing Long COVID and the intersections with mental health.
Methods
The study was conducted out of a tertiary care mental health hospital, with online recruitment from the community across Canada. A total of 47 individuals (average age = 44.9) participated in one of 11 focus groups between June and December 2022. Five focus groups were conducted with participants who had pre-existing mental health concerns prior to contracting SARS-CoV-2, and six were with people with Long COVID but without pre-existing mental health concerns. A semi-structured interview guide asked about service experiences and service preferences, including mental health and well-being services. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using codebook thematic analysis.
Results
When accessing services for Long COVID, patients experienced: (1) systemic barriers to accessing care, and (2) challenges navigating the unknowns of Long COVID, leading to (3) negative impacts on patient emotional well-being and recovery. Participants called for improvements in Long COVID care, with a focus on: (1) developing Long COVID-specific knowledge and services, (2) enhancing support for financial well-being, daily living, and building a Long COVID community, and (3) improving awareness and the public representation of Long COVID.
Conclusions
Substantial treatment barriers generate considerable burden for individuals living with Long COVID. There is a pressing need to improve treatment, social supports, and the social representation of Long COVID to create integrated, accessible, responsive, and ongoing support systems.
Journal Article
World Heart Federation Roadmap for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update
Secondary prevention lifestyle and pharmacological treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) reduce a high proportion of recurrent events and mortality. However, significant gaps exist between guideline recommendations and usual clinical practice.
Describe the state of the art, the roadblocks, and successful strategies to overcome them in ASCVD secondary prevention management.
A writing group reviewed guidelines and research papers and received inputs from an international committee composed of cardiovascular prevention and health systems experts about the article's structure, content, and draft. Finally, an external expert group reviewed the paper.
Smoking cessation, physical activity, diet and weight management, antiplatelets, statins, beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and cardiac rehabilitation reduce events and mortality. Potential roadblocks may occur at the individual, healthcare provider, and health system levels and include lack of access to healthcare and medicines, clinical inertia, lack of primary care infrastructure or built environments that support preventive cardiovascular health behaviours. Possible solutions include improving health literacy, self-management strategies, national policies to improve lifestyle and access to secondary prevention medication (including fix-dose combination therapy), implementing rehabilitation programs, and incorporating digital health interventions. Digital tools are being examined in a range of settings from enhancing self-management, risk factor control, and cardiac rehab.
Effective strategies for secondary prevention management exist, but there are barriers to their implementation. WHF roadmaps can facilitate the development of a strategic plan to identify and implement local and national level approaches for improving secondary prevention.
Journal Article