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"Thompson, Tamara"
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Solar storms
Presents a range of views about the extent and type of damage that could result from solar storms. Proposed warning systems and other protective measures are also addressed.
Book
Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Origins and Genetic Dynamics, Jamaica
We identified 3 clades of dengue virus serotype 3 belonging to genotype III isolated during 2019-2020 in Jamaica by using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic and phylogeographic analyses. The viruses likely originated from Asia in 2014. Newly expanded molecular surveillance efforts in Jamaica will guide appropriate public health responses.
Journal Article
Drones
\"This title in the Current Controversies series explores the issues surrounding drones, including why drones are controversial, how drone technology has outpaced regulation, whether or not domestic law enforcement agencies should be allowed to use drones, and if commercial drone use should be allowed.\"--Publisher description.
Book
The impact of Undetectable=Untransmittable and viral suppression on condomless sex among mixed HIV-status couples in Canada
Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) means that virally suppressed HIV-positive partners cannot transmit HIV. With advancements in HIV care and the increasing number of mixed HIV-status relationships, we quantified U = U agreement (agreeing/disagreeing that U = U is true) among people in mixed HIV-status relationships, assessed response concordance between partners, quantified the association between dyad-level U = U agreement and condomless sex, and estimated interaction effects of viral suppression.
A cross-sectional opportunistic and snowball sampled survey explored condom use, U = U agreement, viral suppression, sociodemographic/relationship characteristics, and sexual behavior among 306 participants (153 matched dyads) in mixed HIV-status relationships (2016-2018). Bivariate analyses identified sociodemographic/relationship characteristics associated with U = U agreement. Cohen's Kappa assessed response concordance between partners. Firth logistic regression estimated associations between dyad-level U = U agreement and condomless sex with effect modification by viral suppression.
Of 293 responses to the U = U question, 53.2% agreed with U = U. Agreement was associated with younger age (p = 0.006) and shorter duration of HIV in relationships (p = 0.034). Concordance between partners was higher for factual questions (kappa>0.50) and lower for belief/decision-making questions (kappa<0.40). The predicted probability of always having condomless sex was 0.60 (95% CI:0.57,0.64) when dyads agreed with U = U and the HIV-positive partner was virally suppressed. The likelihood of always having condomless sex was low when the HIV-positive partner was not virally suppressed, whether or not dyads agreed with U = U (predicted probability range: 0.08;95% CI:0.06,0.11 to 0.25;95% CI:0.17,0.33), or when only one partner agreed with U = U (predicted probability range:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.02 to 0.11;95% CI:0.07,0.15).
Dyad-level U = U agreement, viral suppression, and views of both partners were key factors in mixed HIV-status couples' decisions to have condomless sex. Future representative studies among sexual identity and racialized minority sub-populations are needed to better understand how mixed HIV-status relationships receive and apply U = U messaging, with a focus on partner age and the duration of HIV within relationships.
Journal Article
Genetically modified food
Presents a wide range of viewpoints concerning the potential benefits and consequences, both to human health and the environment, of developing and consuming genetically modified plants and animals.
Book
“Live a normal life”: Constructions of resilience among people in mixed HIV status relationships in Canada
Positive Plus One is a mixed-methods study of long-term mixed HIV-serostatus relationships in Canada (2016–19). Qualitative interviews with 51 participants (10 women, 41 men, including 27 HIV-positive and 24 HIV-negative partners) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to examine notions of relationship resilience in the context of emerging HIV social campaigns. Relationship resilience meant finding ways to build and enact life as a normal couple, that is, a couple not noticeably affected by HIV, linked to the partner with HIV maintaining viral suppression and achieving “undetectable = untransmittable” (U = U). Regardless of serostatus, participants with material resources, social networks, and specialized care were better able to construct resilience for HIV-related challenges within their relationships. Compared to heterosexual couples and those facing socioeconomic adversity, gay and bisexual couples were easier able to disclose, and access capital, networks and resources supporting resilience. We conclude that important pathways of constructing, shaping, and maintaining resilience were influenced by the timing of HIV diagnosis in the relationship, access to HIV-related information and services, disclosure, stigma and social acceptance.
Journal Article
Extending the human lifespan
\"At Issue: Extending the Human Lifespan: Books in this anthology series focus a wide range of viewpoints onto a single controversial issue, providing in-depth discussions by leading advocates, a quick grounding in the issues, and a challenge to critical thinking skills\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A national recruitment strategy for HIV-serodiscordant partners living in Canada for the Positive Plus One study: a mixed-methods study
Background
With the recent shift in focus to addressing HIV risk within relationships and couple-based interventions to prevent HIV transmission, successful recruitment of individuals involved in HIV-serodiscordant relationships is crucial. This paper evaluates methods used by the Positive Plus One (PP1) study to recruit and collect data on a diverse national sample of dyads and individuals involved in current or past HIV-serodiscordant relationships, discusses the strengths and limitations of the recruitment approach, and makes recommendations to inform the interpretation of study results and the design of future studies.
Methods
PP1 used a multi-pronged approach to recruit adults involved in a current or past HIV-serodiscordant relationship in Canada from 2016 to 2018 to complete a survey and an interview. Upon survey completion, index (first recruited) partners were invited to recruit their primary current HIV-serodiscordant partner. We investigated participant enrollment by recruitment source, participant-, relationship-, and dyad-level sociodemographic characteristics, missing data, and correlates of participation for individuals recruited by their partners.
Results
We recruited 613 participants (355 HIV-positive; 258 HIV-negative) across 10 Canadian provinces, including 153 complete dyads and 307 individuals who participated alone, and representing 460 HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Among those in current relationships, HIV-positive participants were more likely than HIV-negative participants to learn of the study through an ASO staff member (36% v. 20%,
p
< 0.001), ASO listserv/newsletter (12% v. 5%,
p
= 0.007), or physician/staff at a clinic (20% v. 11%,
p
= 0.006). HIV-negative participants involved in current relationships were more likely than HIV-positive participants to learn of the study through their partner (46% v. 8%,
p
< 0.001). Seventy-eight percent of index participants invited their primary HIV-serodiscordant partner to participate, and 40% were successful. Successful recruitment of primary partners was associated with longer relationship duration, higher relationship satisfaction, and a virally suppressed HIV-positive partner.
Conclusions
Our findings provide important new information on and support the use of a multi-pronged approach to recruit HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals involved in HIV-serodiscordant relationships in Canada. More creative strategies are needed to help index partners recruit their partner in relationships with lower satisfaction and shorter duration and further minimize the risk of “happy couple” bias.
Journal Article
What’s in Your Culture? Embracing Stability and the New Digital Age in Moving Colleges of Health Professions Virtually during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experiential Narrative Review
As traditional education transitioned from face-to-face interactions to virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, faculty and staff in dental hygiene, nursing, and exercise science programs placed students at the center of every educational decision and promoted stability in learning with their commitments to excellence in teaching and the delivery of content using educational and communication technology. This experiential narrative review explains how faculty members and administrators addressed online education with technology specific to health professions and how universities managed to assist students with innovative services for mental health. It also provides an insight into how degree-specific academic personnel embraced technology-based hands-on activities in community health clinics and clinical laboratories, with sustainable and impactful lessons in equity, affordability, and transformative education. Finally, health administrators gather their top-10 leadership recommendations to continue moving forward during the pandemic and present a unique self-reflection on the process of caring considerations required for a successful experience for faculty members, staff, and students.
Journal Article
Exploring the contextual risk factors and characteristics of individuals who died from the acute toxic effects of opioids and other illegal substances: listening to the coroner and medical examiner voice
Substance-related acute toxicity deaths continue to be a serious public health concern in Canada. This study explored coroner and medical examiner (C/ME)perspectives of contextual risk factors and characteristics associated with deaths from acute toxic effects of opioids and other illegal substances in Canada.
In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 C/MEs in eight provinces and territories between December 2017 and February 2018. Interview audio recordings were transcribed and coded for key themes using thematic analysis.
Four themes described the perspectives of C/MEs: (1) Who is experiencing a substance-related acute toxicity death?; (2) Who is present at the time of death?; (3) Why are people experiencing an acute toxicity death?; (4) What are the social contextual factors contributing to deaths? Deaths crossed demographic and socioeconomic groups and included people who used substances on occasion, chronically, or for the first time. Using alone presents risk, while using in the presence of others can also contribute to risk if others are unable or unprepared to respond. People who died from a substance-related acute toxicity often had one or more contextual risk factors: contaminated substances, history of substance use, history of chronic pain and decreased tolerance. Social contextual factors contributing to deaths included diagnosed or undiagnosed mental illness, stigma, lack of support and lack of follow-up from health care.
Findings revealed contextual factors and characteristics associated with substance-related acute toxicity deaths that contribute to a better understanding of the circumstances surrounding these deaths across Canada and that can inform targeted prevention and intervention efforts.
Journal Article