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Selenium cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to high electronic conductivity and volumetric capacity comparable to sulphur cathodes. However, practical development of lithium-selenium batteries has been hindered by the low selenium reaction activity with lithium, high volume changes and rapid capacity fading caused by the shuttle effect of polyselenides. Recently, single atom catalysts have attracted extensive interests in electrochemical energy conversion and storage because of unique electronic and structural properties, maximum atom-utilization efficiency, and outstanding catalytic performances. In this work, we developed a facile route to synthesize cobalt single atoms/nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon (Co SA -HC). The cobalt single atoms can activate selenium reactivity and immobilize selenium and polyselenides. The as-prepared selenium-carbon (Se@Co SA -HC) cathodes deliver a high discharge capacity, a superior rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with a Coulombic efficiency of ~100%. This work could open an avenue for achieving long cycle life and high-power lithium-selenium batteries. Lithium selenium batteries are attractive energy storage systems, but they are hindered by low selenium reaction activity and rapid capacity fading. Herein, the authors report a selenium host with atomic cobalt electrocatalyst which exhibits superior performances in lithium-selenium batteries.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein that is evolutionarily conserved, found in both vertebrates and many invertebrates. It is a member of the pentraxin superfamily, characterized by its pentameric structure and calcium-dependent binding to ligands like phosphocholine (PC). In humans and various other species, the plasma concentration of this protein is markedly elevated during inflammatory conditions, establishing it as a prototypical acute phase protein that plays a role in innate immune responses. This feature can also be used clinically to evaluate the severity of inflammation in the organism. Human CRP (huCRP) can exhibit contrasting biological functions due to conformational transitions, while CRP in various species retains conserved protective functions in vivo . The focus of this review will be on the structural traits of CRP, the regulation of its expression, activate complement, and its function in related diseases in vivo .

In addition to increasing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor cells can also secrete exosomal PD-L1 to suppress T cell activity. Emerging evidence has revealed that exosomal PD-L1 resists immune checkpoint blockade, and may contribute to resistance to therapy. In this scenario, suppressing the secretion of tumor-derived exosomes may aid therapy. Here, we develop an assembly of exosome inhibitor (GW4869) and ferroptosis inducer (Fe 3+ ) via amphiphilic hyaluronic acid. Cooperation between the two active components in the constructed nanounit induces an anti-tumor immunoresponse to B16F10 melanoma cells and stimulates cytotoxic T lymphocytes and immunological memory. The nanounit enhances the response to PD-L1 checkpoint blockade and may represent a therapeutic strategy for enhancing the response to this therapy. PD-L1 is frequently expressed on the surface of cancer cells and can be excreted from cancer cells in exosomes. Here, the authors generate a nanotherapy that combines an inhibitor of exosome production and an inducer of ferroptosis, enhancing the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Recently, unconventional antiferromagnets that enable the spin splitting (SS) of electronic states have been theoretically proposed and experimentally realized, where the magnetic sublattices containing moments pointing at different directions are connected by a novel set of symmetries. Such SS is substantial, k‐dependent, and independent of the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength, making these magnets promising materials for antiferromagnetic spintronics. Here, combined with angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a systematic study on CrSb, a metallic spin‐split antiferromagnet candidate with Néel temperature TN = 703 K, is conducted. The data reveal the electronic structure of CrSb along both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane momentum directions, rendering an anisotropic k‐dependent SS that agrees well with the calculational results. The magnitude of such SS reaches up to at least 0.8 eV at non‐high‐symmetry momentum points, which is significantly higher than the largest known SOC‐induced SS. This compound expands the choice of materials in the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics and is likely to stimulate subsequent investigations of high‐efficiency spintronic devices that are functional at room temperature. A substantial antiferromagnetism‐induced momentum‐dependent band splitting is observed in room‐temperature metallic antiferromagnet CrSb. Using high‐resolution angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, clear evolution of band splitting along both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane directions is realized. This work provides spectroscopic evidence for CrSb as a spin‐split antiferromagnet and showcases its potential for applications in the evolving landscape of antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Mott insulators are paradigmatic examples of strongly correlated physics from which many phases of quantum matter with hard-to-explain properties emerge. Extending the typical SU(2) spin symmetry of Mott insulators to SU( N ) is predicted to produce exotic quantum magnetism at low temperatures. In this work, we experimentally observe nearest-neighbour spin correlations in a SU(6) Hubbard model realized by ytterbium atoms in optical lattices. We study one-dimensional, two-dimensional square and three-dimensional cubic lattice geometries. The measured SU(6) spin correlations are enhanced compared with the SU(2) correlations, owing to strong Pomeranchuk cooling. The experimental data for a one-dimensional lattice agree qualitatively with our theoretical calculations, with an error of at most 30%, without any fitting parameters. Detailed comparison between theory and experiment allows us to infer the temperature to be the lowest achieved for a cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard model. For three-dimensional lattices, the experiments reach entropies below the regime where our calculations converge, highlighting the importance of these experiments as quantum simulations. A cold-atom simulator has realized a popular many-body model of quantum magnetism in regimes that cannot be easily studied theoretically, achieving the record-coldest fermions ever seen.

Liver cancer ranks the top four malignant cancer type worldwide, which needs effective and safe treatment. Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been regarded as a promising therapeutic target for cancers. In this work, we aimed to study the effects of anesthetic ketamine on proliferation and ferroptosis of liver cancer. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Ferroptosis was determined by levels of Fe , lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). RNA levels of lncPVT1, miR-214-3p, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were checked by real-time PCR assay. Clinical liver tumor samples were collected to detect the levels of long noncoding RNA lncPVT1, miR-214-3p, and GPX4, and their correlation was evaluated by Pearson comparison test. Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pulldown were conducted to determine the binding between lncPVT1, miR-214-3p, and GPX4 3'UTR. Ketamine significantly suppressed viability and proliferation of liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, as well as stimulated ferroptosis, along with decreased expression of lncPVT1 and GPX4. LncPVT1 directly interacted with miR-214-3p to impede its role as a sponge of GPX4. Depletion of lncPVT1 accelerated the ferroptosis of live cancer cells, whereas miR-214-3p inhibition and GPX4 overexpression reversed this effect. Ketamine-induced cell growth suppression and ferroptosis were also suppressed by miR-214-3p inhibition and GPX4 overexpression. In this work, we determined that ketamine suppressed viability of liver cancer cells and induced ferroptosis and identified the possible regulatory mechanism of lncPVT1/miR-214-3p/GPX4 axis.

Breast cancer has been a worldwide burden of women’s health. Although concerns have been raised for early diagnosis and timely treatment, the efforts are still needed for precision medicine and individualized treatment. Radiomics is a new technology with immense potential to obtain mineable data to provide rich information about the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. In our study, we introduced the workflow and application of radiomics as well as its outlook and challenges based on published studies. Radiomics has the potential ability to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions, predict axillary lymph node status, molecular subtypes of breast cancer, tumor response to chemotherapy, and survival outcomes. Our study aimed to help clinicians and radiologists to know the basic information of radiomics and encourage cooperation with scientists to mine data for better application in clinical practice.

The oxidized platinum (Pt) can exhibit better electrocatalytic activity than metallic Pt 0 in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which has aroused great interest in exploring the role of oxygen in Pt-based catalysts. Herein, we select two structurally well-defined polyoxometalates Na 5 [H 3 Pt (IV) W 6 O 24 ] (PtW 6 O 24 ) and Na 3 K 5 [Pt (II) 2 (W 5 O 18 ) 2 ] (Pt 2 (W 5 O 18 ) 2 ) as the platinum oxide model to investigate the HER performance. Electrocatalytic experiments show the mass activities of PtW 6 O 24 /C and Pt 2 (W 5 O 18 ) 2 /C are 20.175 A mg −1 and 10.976 A mg −1 at 77 mV, respectively, which are better than that of commercial 20% Pt/C (0.398 A mg −1 ). The in situ synchrotron radiation experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the elongated Pt-O bond acts as the active site during the HER process, which can accelerate the coupling of proton and electron and the rapid release of H 2 . This work complements the knowledge boundary of Pt-based electrocatalytic HER, and suggests another way to update the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst. While converting water to H 2 with a catalyst offers a renewable means to produce carbon-neutral fuels, understanding the catalytic active sites has proven challenging. Here, authors show a structurally well-defined model complex with Pt-O bonding to enable efficient H 2 evolution electrocatalysis.

Topological phases are robust against weak perturbations, but break down when disorder becomes sufficiently strong. However, moderate disorder can also induce topologically nontrivial phases. Thouless pumping, as a (1+1)D counterpart of the integer quantum Hall effect, is one of the simplest manifestations of topology. Here, we report experimental observations of the competition and interplay between Thouless pumping and disorder on a 41-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We improve a Floquet engineering technique to realize cycles of adiabatic pumping by simultaneously varying the on-site potentials and the hopping couplings. We demonstrate Thouless pumping in the presence of disorder and show its breakdown as the strength of disorder increases. Moreover, we observe two types of topological pumping that are induced by on-site potential disorder and hopping disorder, respectively. In particular, an intrinsic topological pump that is induced by quasi-periodic hopping disorder has never been experimentally realized before. Our highly controllable system provides a valuable quantum simulating platform for studying various aspects of topological physics in the presence of disorder. Moderate disorder can induce topologically nontrivial phases. Liu et al. report the experimental observations of the competition and interplay between Thouless pumping and disorder on a 41-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Integrated photonic devices based on Si 3 N 4 waveguides allow for the exploitation of nonlinear frequency conversion, exhibit low propagation loss, and have led to advances in compact atomic clocks, ultrafast ranging, and spectroscopy. Yet, the lack of Pockels effect presents a major challenge to achieve high-speed modulation of Si 3 N 4 . Here, microwave-frequency acousto-optic modulation is realized by exciting high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonances (HBAR) in the photonic stack. Although HBAR is ubiquitously used in modern communication and superconducting circuits, this is the first time it has been incorporated on a photonic integrated chip. The tight vertical acoustic confinement releases the lateral design of freedom, and enables negligible cross-talk and preserving low optical loss. This hybrid HBAR nanophotonic platform can find immediate applications in topological photonics with synthetic dimensions, compact opto-electronic oscillators, and microwave-to-optical converters. As an application, a Si 3 N 4 -based optical isolator is demonstrated by spatiotemporal modulation, with over 17 dB isolation achieved. Here, the authors demonstrate acousto-optic modulation of silicon nitride microring resonators using high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonances, allowing modulation in the GHz range via acoustic waves. As an application, an optical isolator is demonstrated with 17 dB non-reciprocity.