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Obesity is associated with biological dysfunction in skeletal muscle. As a condition of obesity accompanied by muscle mass loss and physical dysfunction, sarcopenic obesity (SO) has become a novel public health problem. Human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays a therapeutic role in metabolic diseases. However, the protective effects of FGF19 on skeletal muscle in obesity and SO are still not completely understood. Our results showed that FGF19 administration improved muscle loss and grip strength in young and aged mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Increases in muscle atrophy markers (FOXO‐3, Atrogin‐1, MuRF‐1) were abrogated by FGF19 in palmitic acid (PA)‐treated C2C12 myotubes and in the skeletal muscle of HFD‐fed mice. FGF19 not only reduced HFD‐induced body weight gain, excessive lipid accumulation and hyperlipidaemia but also promoted energy expenditure (PGC‐1α, UCP‐1, PPAR‐γ) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). FGF19 treatment restored PA‐ and HFD‐induced hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IRS‐1, GLUT‐4) and mitigated the PA‐ and HFD‐induced decrease in FNDC‐5/irisin expression. However, these beneficial effects of FGF19 on skeletal muscle were abolished by inhibiting AMPK, SIRT‐1 and PGC‐1α expression. Taken together, this study suggests that FGF19 protects skeletal muscle against obesity‐induced muscle atrophy, metabolic derangement and abnormal irisin secretion partially through the AMPK/SIRT‐1/PGC‐α signalling pathway, which might be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and SO.

Background X‐ray repair cross‐complementary 5 (XRCC5) and 6 (XRCC6) are critical for DNA repair. Few studies have assessed their association with breast cancer risk, and related gene‐environment interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the influence of XRCC5/6 polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, and their interactions with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction. Methods The study included 1039 patients with breast cancer and 1040 controls. Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC5 and two of XRCC6 were genotyped. Information about smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep satisfaction was collected through questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and related 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression models. Gene‐environment interactions were analyzed using logistic regression with multiplicative interaction models. Results XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the co‐dominant (ptrend = 0.003) and dominant (CA + AA vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56, p = 0.008) genetic models after Bonferroni correction. The CG + GG genotype of XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor‐negative/progesterone receptor‐negative (ER−/PR−) breast cancer (CG + GG vs. CC: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.12–2.13, p = 0.008) after Bonferroni correction. Moreover, an antagonistic interaction between XRCC5 rs16855458 and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.017), and a synergistic interaction between XRCC6 rs2267437 and sleep satisfaction were associated with breast cancer risk (pinteraction = 0.0497). However, these interactions became insignificant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with breast cancer risk, and XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with the risk of ER−/PR− breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with XRCC5 and XRCC6 polymorphisms might vary according to alcohol consumption and sleep satisfaction, respectively, and merit further investigation. XRCC5 rs16855458 was associated with breast cancer risk, and XRCC6 rs2267437 was associated with the risk of ER−/PR− breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with XRCC5 and XRCC6 polymorphisms might vary according to alcohol consumption and sleep satisfaction, respectively, and merit further investigation.

For improving the rock-breaking efficiency of oil and gas drill bits, a new drill bit is presented with tornado-like bottomhole model (named swirling cutting bit). The new drill bit cutter breaks rock with shocking and cutting effect during the drilling process, and the elements on largest ring cross the borehole center with high speed. It can effectively improve the center rock-breaking efficiency. Meanwhile, for all cutters on different rings breaking rock at the same time, it can optimize the rock-breaking volume of each element and improve the bit service life. To analyze the interaction features between cutters and rock, the position equations are established by the cylindrical coordinates and complex movement principles, and then the velocity and acceleration equations can be obtained. Based on the numerical example results, this paper analyzes the bottomhole model, the contact section, and the distribution features of velocities and accelerations on different rings. By analyzing the acceleration results, we can study the failure mechanism of cutters. At the same time, lab experiments test the bottomhole model and rock-breaking features, and it verifies the accuracy of calculation method and equations. Moreover, the analysis method and models are also applicable to other types of bits or composite bits, and the inputting parameters need corresponding adjustment for different type of bits.

The level of total adiponectin, a mixture of different adiponectin forms, has been reported associated with breast cancer risk with inconsistent results. Whether the different forms play different roles in breast cancer risk prediction is unclear. To examine this, we measured total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in a case-control study (1167 sets). Higher circulating HMW adiponectin was negatively associated with breast cancer risk after adjusting for menopausal status and family history of breast cancer (P=0.024). We analyzed the relationship between adiponectin and breast cancer risk in 6 subgroups. Higher circulating HMW adiponectin was also negatively associated with breast cancer risk (P=0.020, 0.014, 0.035) in the subgroups of postmenopausal women, negative family history of breast cancer, BMI>=24.0. Total adiponectin was positively associated with breast cancer (P=0.028) in the subgroup of BMI<=24.0. Higher HMW/total adiponectin ratio was negatively associated with breast cancer (P=0.019) in the subgroup of postmenopausal women. Interestingly, in the subgroup of women with family history of breast cancer, higher circulating total and HMW adiponectin were positively associated with breast cancer risk (P=0.034, 0.0116). This study showed different forms of circulating adiponectin levels might play different roles in breast cancer risk. A higher circulating HMW adiponectin is associated with a decreased breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal, without family history of breast cancer or BMI>=24.0 subgroups, whereas higher circulating HMW adiponectin levels is a risk factor in women with a family history of breast cancer. Further investigation of different forms of adiponectin on breast cancer risk is needed.

Postpartum depression （PPD） is a modified form of major depressive disorders （MDD） that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than MDD. Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because PPD typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. This fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. In the present study, postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys （Macaca fascicularis） living in breeding groups were observed for typical depressive behavior. The huddle posture behavior was utilized as an indicator of behavioral depression postpartum （BDP） as it has been established as the core depressive-like behavior in primates. Monkeys were divided into two groups： A t3DP group （n=6）, which were found to spend more time huddling over the first two weeks postpartum than other individuals that formed a non-depression control group （n=4）. The two grou

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped strain, designated LJY008T, was isolated from the intestinal of Eriocheirsinensis in Pukou base of Jiangsu Institute of Freshwater Fisheries. Strain LJY008T could grow at 4–37 ℃ (optimum, 30 ℃), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and with 1.0–6.0% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 1.0%). Strain LJY008T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Jinshanibacterzhutongyuii CF-458T (99.3%), followed by J.allomyrinae BWR-B9T (99.2%), Insectihabitansxujianqingii CF-1111T (97.3%), and Limnobaculumparvum HYN0051T (96.7%). The major polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The only respiratory quinone was Q8, and the main fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c), and C14:0. The genome-based phylogenies showed that strain LJY008T was closely associated with members of the genus Jinshanibacter, Insectihabitans, and Limnobaculum. The average nucleotide identities and average amino acid identities (AAI) among strain LJY008T and closely related neighbours were all below 95%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among them were all below 36%. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LJY008T was 46.1%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain LJY008T represents a novel species of the genus Limnobaculum, for which the name Limnobaculumeriocheiris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LJY008T (= JCM 34675T = GDMCC 1.2436T = MCCC 1K06016T). In addition, the genera Jinshanibacter and Insectihabitans were reclassified as Limnobaculum, because there was no significant genome-scale divergence or diagnosable difference on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, such as strains of Jinshanibacter and Insectihabitans sharing AAI values of 93.88–94.96%.