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"Tian, Ran"
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الطبيعة
إن الرموز الصينية هي أحد أهم معالم اللغة الصينية فهي تعد بالأمر الغريب على كل من هو مبتدئ فى دراسة اللغة ونظرا لكثرة الرموز والتي يتجاوز عددها أكثر من 6000 رمز وهذا يجعل عملية حفظ الرموز شبه مستحيلة ولكن هذه السلسلة الفريدة والأولى من نوعها المترجمة إلى العربية التي تحكي قصة تطور الرمز بدءا من نقشه على عظام السلاحف والألواح النحاسية وبعد انتهائك من هذه السلسلة لن يقف أمامك أي رمز وستتمكن من حفظ وكتابه الرموز بشكل محترف.
Book
High-throughput screening of 2D van der Waals crystals with plastic deformability
Inorganic semiconductors exhibit multifarious physical properties, but they are prevailingly brittle, impeding their application in flexible and hetero-shaped electronics. The exceptional plasticity discovered in InSe crystal indicates the existence of abundant plastically deformable two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials, but the conventional trial-and-error method is too time-consuming and costly. Here we report on the discovery of tens of potential 2D chalcogenide crystals with plastic deformability using a nearly automated and efficient high-throughput screening methodology. Seven candidates e.g., famous MoS
2
, GaSe, and SnSe
2
2D materials are carefully verified to show largely anisotropic plastic deformations, which are contributed by both interlayer and cross-layer slips involving continuous breaking and reconstruction of chemical interactions. The plasticity becomes a new facet of 2D materials for deformable or flexible electronics.
It is still challenging to discover plastically deformable inorganic semiconductors. Here, the authors report a high-throughput screening of tens of potential 2D van der Waals crystals that can deform plastically accompanied with experimental verification.
Journal Article
Optimal building block of multipartite quantum battery in the driven-dissipative charging
To take quantum advantage of collective effects in many-body system, we design an elementary block for building a quantum battery with the optimal number of atoms in a common thermal bath, which is charged collectively by a harmonic driving. Free energy is a novel tool to quantify usable energy in an open system, which includes non-preserved entropy impacts on the stored energy besides the internal energy. The interesting finding is that the free energy variation in the steady state increases non-monotonically, and reaches the maximal value at the optimal number of atoms. It ascribes to the decreasing of the internal energy and the entropy per atom with the increasing of the atoms. In particular, the elementary block with the optimal number of atoms can relax to the optimal steady state with the weak damping of the internal energy due to the strong collective driving. By comparing to each atom parallel charging independently, the optimal battery cell produces lower heat flow to the thermal bath induced by the entropy, which can not be neglected in the dissipative system. The existence of the optimal battery cell provide a guideline for designing a realizable charging scheme.
Journal Article
Approaching crystal’s limit of thermoelectrics by nano-sintering-aid at grain boundaries
Grain boundary plays a vital role in thermoelectric transports, leading to distinct properties between single crystals and polycrystals. Manipulating the grain boundary to realize good thermoelectric properties in polycrystals similar as those of single crystals is a long-standing task, but it is quite challenging. Herein, we develop a liquid-phase sintering strategy to successfully introduce Mg
2
Cu nano-sintering-aid into the grain boundaries of Mg
3
(Bi, Sb)
2
-based materials. The nano-aid helps to enlarge the average grain size to 23.7 μm and effectively scatter phonons, leading to excellent electrical transports similar as those of single crystals and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity as well as exceptional thermoelectric figure of merit (1.5 at 500 K) and conversion efficiency (7.4% under temperature difference of 207 K). This work provides a simple but effective strategy for the fabrication of high-performance polycrystals for large-scale applications.
The authors develop a liquid-phase sintering strategy to effectively enlarge material’s grain sizes, thereby achieving single crystal-like electronic transport properties in polycrystalline Mg
3
(Bi, Sb)
2
.
Journal Article
Plastic/Ductile Bulk 2D van der Waals Single‐Crystalline SnSe2 for Flexible Thermoelectrics
The recently discovered ductile/plastic inorganic semiconductors pave a new avenue toward flexible thermoelectrics. However, the power factors of current ductile/plastic inorganic semiconductors are usually low (below 5 µW cm−1 K−2) as compared with classic brittle inorganic thermoelectric materials, which greatly limit the electrical output power for flexible thermoelectrics. Here, large plasticity and high power factor in bulk two‐dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) single‐crystalline SnSe2 are reported. SnSe2 crystals exhibit large plastic strains at room temperature and they can be morphed into various shapes without cracking, which is well captured by the inherent large deformability factor. As a semiconductor, the electrical transport properties of SnSe2 can be readily tuned in a wide range by doping a tiny amount of halogen elements. A high power factor of 10.8 µW cm−1 K−2 at 375 K along the in‐plane direction is achieved in plastic single‐crystalline Br‐doped SnSe2, which is the highest value among the reported flexible inorganic and organic thermoelectric materials. Combining the good plasticity, excellent power factors, as well as low‐cost and nontoxic elements, bulk 2D vdW single‐crystalline SnSe2 shows great promise to achieve high power density for flexible thermoelectrics. Bulk 2D van der Waals (vdW) single‐crystalline SnSe2 is reported as a novel inorganic plastic/ductile thermoelectric (TE) material. It exhibits good deformability and excellent power factor at room temperature. Combining the low cost and nontoxic elements, plastic bulk 2D vdW single‐crystalline SnSe2 is very promising for fabricating the high power density flexible TE device.
Journal Article
Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19
The authors describe a 69-year-old man with Covid-19 diagnosed in January 2020 in Wuhan, China, along with two other critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were also seen in the same intensive care unit. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies were seen in all three patients.
Journal Article
Pericytes augment glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide through CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent and highly lethal form of glioma, with rapid tumor progression and frequent recurrence. Excessive outgrowth of pericytes in GBM governs the ecology of the perivascular niche, but their function in mediating chemoresistance has not been fully explored. Herein, we uncovered that pericytes potentiate DNA damage repair (DDR) in GBM cells residing in the perivascular niche, which induces temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance. We found that increased pericyte proportion correlates with accelerated tumor recurrence and worse prognosis. Genetic depletion of pericytes in GBM xenografts enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) secreted by pericytes activates C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on GBM cells to enable DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-mediated DDR upon TMZ treatment. Disrupting CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling through the brain-penetrable CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) potently inhibits pericyte-promoted DDR and effectively improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ. GBM patient-derived xenografts with high CCL5 expression benefit from combined treatment with TMZ and MVC. Our study reveals the role of pericytes as an extrinsic stimulator potentiating DDR signaling in GBM cells and suggests that targeting CCL5-CCR5 signaling could be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy against GBM.
Journal Article
Remediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Groundwater by Sulfide-Modified Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported on Biochar: Investigation of Critical Factors
This study investigated the feasibility and mechanism of sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar (S-nZVI@BC) for the removal of TCE in the scenario of groundwater remediation. The effects of some critical factors, including pyrolysis temperature of biochar, mass ratio of S-nZVI to BC, initial pH, typical groundwater compositions, co-contaminants, and particle aging time, on the TCE removal were examined. The results revealed that the different pyrolysis temperatures could change physicochemical properties of BC, which influenced the TCE adsorption and degradation by S-nZVI@BC. The mass ratio of S-nZVI to BC could determine the extent of adsorption and degradation of TCE. The total removal of TCE was not significantly influenced by the initial pH (3.0–9.0), but the degradation of TCE was enhanced at higher pH. Notably, the typical anions (SO42−, HCO3−, and HPO42−), humic acid, and co-contaminants (Cr(VI) and NO3−) in groundwater all slightly influenced the total removal of TCE, but markedly inhibited its degradation. Additionally, after exposure to air over different times (5 days, 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days), the reactivity of S-nZVI@BC composites was apparently decreased due to surface passivation. Nevertheless, the aged S-nZVI@BC composites still maintained relative high removal and degradation of TCE when the reaction time prolonged. Overall, the results showed that the S-nZVI@BC, combining the high adsorption capacity of BC and the high reductive capacity of S-nZVI, had a much better performance than the single S-nZVI or BC, suggesting that S-nZVI@BC is one promising material for the remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
Journal Article
Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers
The field of lipidomics has been significantly advanced by mass spectrometric analysis. The distinction and quantitation of the unsaturated lipid isomers, however, remain a long-standing challenge. In this study, we have developed an analytical tool for both identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers from complex mixtures using online Paternò–Büchi reaction coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The potential of this method has been demonstrated with an implementation into shotgun lipid analysis of animal tissues. Among 96 of the unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipids identified from rat brain tissue, 50% of them were found as mixtures of C=C location isomers; for the first time, to our knowledge, the quantitative information of lipid C=C isomers from a broad range of classes was obtained. This method also enabled facile cross-tissue examinations, which revealed significant changes in C=C location isomer compositions of a series of fatty acids and glycerophospholipid (GP) species between the normal and cancerous tissues.
Journal Article
Temperature and Cyanobacterial Bloom Biomass Influence Phosphorous Cycling in Eutrophic Lake Sediments
Cyanobacterial blooms frequently occur in freshwater lakes, subsequently, substantial amounts of decaying cyanobacterial bloom biomass (CBB) settles onto the lake sediments where anaerobic mineralization reactions prevail. Coupled Fe/S cycling processes can influence the mobilization of phosphorus (P) in sediments, with high releases often resulting in eutrophication. To better understand eutrophication in Lake Taihu (PRC), we investigated the effects of CBB and temperature on phosphorus cycling in lake sediments. Results indicated that added CBB not only enhanced sedimentary iron reduction, but also resulted in a change from net sulfur oxidation to sulfate reduction, which jointly resulted in a spike of soluble Fe(II) and the formation of FeS/FeS2. Phosphate release was also enhanced with CBB amendment along with increases in reduced sulfur. Further release of phosphate was associated with increases in incubation temperature. In addition, CBB amendment resulted in a shift in P from the Fe-adsorbed P and the relatively unreactive Residual-P pools to the more reactive Al-adsorbed P, Ca-bound P and organic-P pools. Phosphorus cycling rates increased on addition of CBB and were higher at elevated temperatures, resulting in increased phosphorus release from sediments. These findings suggest that settling of CBB into sediments will likely increase the extent of eutrophication in aquatic environments and these processes will be magnified at higher temperatures.
Journal Article