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Iridium-based electrocatalysts remain the only practical anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, due to their excellent stability under acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but are greatly limited by their high cost and low reserves. Here, we report a nickel-stabilized, ruthenium dioxide (Ni-RuO2) catalyst, a promising alternative to iridium, with high activity and durability in acidic OER for PEM water electrolysis. While pristine RuO2 showed poor acidic OER stability and degraded within a short period of continuous operation, the incorporation of Ni greatly stabilized the RuO2 lattice and extended its durability by more than one order of magnitude. When applied to the anode of a PEM water electrolyser, our Ni-RuO2 catalyst demonstrated >1,000 h stability under a water-splitting current of 200 mA cm−2, suggesting potential for practical applications. Density functional theory studies, coupled with operando differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy analysis, confirmed the adsorbate-evolving mechanism on Ni-RuO2, as well as the critical role of Ni dopants in stabilization of surface Ru and subsurface oxygen for improved OER durability.Iridium-based electrocatalysts are traditional anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis but suffer from high cost and low reserves. An alternative, nickel-stabilized ruthenium dioxide catalyst with high activity and durability in acidic oxygen evolution reaction for water electrolysis is reported.

A panoptic driving perception system is an essential part of autonomous driving. A high-precision and real-time perception system can assist the vehicle in making reasonable decisions while driving. We present a panoptic driving perception network (you only look once for panoptic (YOLOP)) to perform traffic object detection, drivable area segmentation, and lane detection simultaneously. It is composed of one encoder for feature extraction and three decoders to handle the specific tasks. Our model performs extremely well on the challenging BDD100K dataset, achieving state-of-the-art on all three tasks in terms of accuracy and speed. Besides, we verify the effectiveness of our multi-task learning model for joint training via ablative studies. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that can process these three visual perception tasks simultaneously in real-time on an embedded device Jetson TX2(23 FPS), and maintain excellent accuracy. To facilitate further research, the source codes and pre-trained models are released at https://github.com/hustvl/YOLOP.

Supported ordered intermetallic compounds exhibit superior catalytic performance over their disordered alloy counterparts in diverse reactions. But the synthesis of intermetallic compounds catalysts often requires high-temperature annealing that leads to the sintering of metals into larger crystallites. Herein, we report a small molecule-assisted impregnation approach to realize the general synthesis of a family of intermetallic catalysts, consisting of 18 binary platinum intermetallic compounds supported on carbon blacks. The molecular additives containing heteroatoms (that is, O, N, or S) can be coordinated with platinum in impregnation and thermally converted into heteroatom-doped graphene layers in high-temperature annealing, which significantly suppress alloy sintering and insure the formation of small-sized intermetallic catalysts. The prepared optimal PtCo intermetallics as cathodic oxygen-reduction catalysts exhibit a high mass activity of 1.08 A mg Pt –1 at 0.9 V in H 2 -O 2 fuel cells and a rated power density of 1.17 W cm –2 in H 2 -air fuel cells. Synthesis of small sized Pt intermetallic catalysts remains challenging. Herewith authors prepared 18 binary Pt intermetallic compounds with small particle size by molecule-assisted synthesis strategy to in-situ form the heteroatom-doped carbon shell.

Carbon supported intermetallic compound nanoparticles with high activity and stability are promising cathodic catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. However, the synthesis of intermetallic catalysts suffers from large diffusion barrier for atom ordering, resulting in low ordering degree and limited performance. We demonstrate a low-melting-point metal doping strategy for the synthesis of highly ordered L1 0 -type M-doped PtCo (M = Ga, Pb, Sb, Cu) intermetallic catalysts. We find that the ordering degree of the M-doped PtCo catalysts increases with the decrease of melting point of M. Theoretic studies reveal that the low-melting-point metal doping can decrease the energy barrier for atom diffusion. The prepared highly ordered Ga-doped PtCo catalyst exhibits a large mass activity of 1.07 A mg Pt −1 at 0.9 V in H 2 -O 2 fuel cells and a rated power density of 1.05 W cm −2 in H 2 -air fuel cells, with a Pt loading of 0.075 mg Pt  cm −2 . The development of highly ordered intermetallic catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions suffers from large diffusion barrier for atom ordering. Here, the authors use a low melting-point metal doping strategy to synthesize a series of highly ordered metal-doped platinum–cobalt alloy fuel cell catalysts.

Esophageal cancer (ECa) remains a major cause of mortality across the globe. The expression of EIF3J-AS1 is altered in a plethora of tumors, but its role in ECa development and progression are undefined. Here, we show that EIF3J-AS1 is up-regulated in ECa and that its expression correlates with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.014), invasion depth (P = 0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and poor survival (OS: P = 0.0059; DFS: P = 0.0037) in ECa. Functional experiments showed that knockdown EIF3J-AS1 inhibited ECa growth and metastasis through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Regarding the mechanism, EIF3J-AS1/miR-373-3p/AKT1 established the ceRNA network involved in the modulation of cell progression of ECa cells. Overall, EIF3J-AS1 may exhibit an oncogenic function in ECa via acting as a sponge for miR-373-3p to up-regulate AKT1 mRNA level, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker for ECa patients.

Background High production cost of bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a major obstacle to replace traditional petro-based plastics. To address the challenges, strategies towards upstream metabolic engineering and downstream fermentation optimizations have been continuously pursued. Given that the feedstocks especially carbon sources account up to a large portion of the production cost, it is of great importance to explore low cost substrates to manufacture PHA economically. Results Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to synthesize poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) using acetate as a main carbon source. Overexpression of phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase pathway was shown to be an effective strategy for improving acetate assimilation and biopolymer production. The recombinant strain overexpressing phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase and P3HB synthesis operon produced 1.27 g/L P3HB when grown on minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L yeast extract and 5 g/L acetate in shake flask cultures. Further introduction succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and CoA transferase lead to the accumulation of P3HB4HB, reaching a titer of 1.71 g/L with a 4-hydroxybutyrate monomer content of 5.79 mol%. When 1 g/L of α-ketoglutarate or citrate was added to the medium, P3HB4HB titer increased to 1.99 and 2.15 g/L, respectively. To achieve PHBV synthesis, acetate and propionate were simultaneously supplied and propionyl-CoA transferase was overexpressed to provide 3-hydroxyvalerate precursor. The resulting strain produced 0.33 g/L PHBV with a 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content of 6.58 mol%. Further overexpression of propionate permease improved PHBV titer and 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content to 1.09 g/L and 10.37 mol%, respectively. Conclusions The application of acetate as carbon source for microbial fermentation could reduce the consumption of food and agro-based renewable bioresources for biorefineries. Our proposed metabolic engineering strategies illustrate the feasibility for producing polyhydroxyalkanoates using acetate as a main carbon source. Overall, as an abundant and renewable resource, acetate would be developed into a cost-effective feedstock to achieve low cost production of chemicals, materials, and biofuels.

Time-reversed evolution has substantial implications in physics, including applications in refocusing of classical waves or spins and fundamental studies such as quantum information scrambling. In quantum metrology, nonlinear interferometry based on time-reversal protocols supports entanglement-enhanced measurements without requiring low-noise detection. Despite the broad interest in this topic, it remains challenging to reverse the quantum dynamics of an interacting many-body system, which is typically realized by an (effective) sign flip of the system’s Hamiltonian. Here we present an approach that is broadly applicable to cyclic systems for implementing nonlinear interferometry without invoking time reversal. As time-reversed dynamics drives a system back to its starting point, we propose to accomplish the same by forcing the system to travel along a ‘closed loop’ instead of explicitly tracing back its antecedent path. Utilizing the quasiperiodic spin mixing dynamics in a three-mode 87 Rb atomic spinor condensate, we implement such a closed-loop nonlinear interferometer and achieve a metrological gain of 5.0 1 − 0.76 + 0.76 decibels over the classical limit for a total of 26,500 atoms. Our approach unlocks the potential of nonlinear interferometry by allowing the dynamics to penetrate into the deep nonlinear regime, which gives rise to highly entangled non-Gaussian states. Nonlinear interferometry based on time reversal enables entanglement-enhanced measurements without the need for low-noise detection. An alternative approach now exploits cyclic dynamics and shows performance beyond the standard quantum limit.

Turmeric, derived from the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L . , receives widespread attention because of its applications in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. Traditionally, it has been widely used in Ayurveda medicine and traditional Asian medicine such as traditional Chinese medicine, for treatment of digestive, respiratory and circulatory diseases, as well as skin diseases. However, a comprehensive review of traditional applications, modern clinical applications, and related products remains largely unexplored. Here, we conduct a systematic summary of its pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, anti-tumor activity, neuroprotective activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-microbial activity and others. Additionally, we explore the randomized controlled trials, guiding future preventive healthcare strategies and clinical practices. Furthermore, we also discuss the turmeric-related products, involving medicines, health foods, herbal dietary supplements, and cosmetics, offering novel insights into relevant product development. Totally, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of turmeric on botany, history and traditional applications, pharmacological activities, clinical applications, and related products. Finally, based on the generalized science of Chinese material madica and advanced front technologies, the future research opportunities of turmeric are briefly explored.

Inorganic semiconductors exhibit multifarious physical properties, but they are prevailingly brittle, impeding their application in flexible and hetero-shaped electronics. The exceptional plasticity discovered in InSe crystal indicates the existence of abundant plastically deformable two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials, but the conventional trial-and-error method is too time-consuming and costly. Here we report on the discovery of tens of potential 2D chalcogenide crystals with plastic deformability using a nearly automated and efficient high-throughput screening methodology. Seven candidates e.g., famous MoS 2 , GaSe, and SnSe 2 2D materials are carefully verified to show largely anisotropic plastic deformations, which are contributed by both interlayer and cross-layer slips involving continuous breaking and reconstruction of chemical interactions. The plasticity becomes a new facet of 2D materials for deformable or flexible electronics. It is still challenging to discover plastically deformable inorganic semiconductors. Here, the authors report a high-throughput screening of tens of potential 2D van der Waals crystals that can deform plastically accompanied with experimental verification.