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"Tian, Wen"
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Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey
Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status.
Journal Article
Plastome structure, phylogenomics, and divergence times of tribe Cinnamomeae (Lauraceae)
Background
Tribe Cinnamomeae is a species-rich and ecologically important group in tropical and subtropical forests. Previous studies explored its phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography using limited loci, which might result in biased molecular dating due to insufficient parsimony-informative sites. Thus, 15 plastomes were newly sequenced and combined with published plastomes to study plastome structural variations, gene evolution, phylogenetic relationships, and divergence times of this tribe.
Results
Among the 15 newly generated plastomes, 14 ranged from 152,551 bp to 152,847 bp, and the remaining one (
Cinnamomum chartophyllum
XTBGLQM0164) was 158,657 bp. The inverted repeat (IR) regions of XTBGLQM0164 contained complete
ycf2
,
trnI
CAU
,
rpl32
, and
rpl2
. Four hypervariable plastid loci (
ycf1
,
ycf2
,
ndhF
-
rpl32
-
trnL
UAG
, and
petA
-
psbJ
) were identified as candidate DNA barcodes. Divergence times based on a few loci were primarily determined by prior age constraints rather than by DNA data. In contrast, molecular dating using complete plastid protein-coding genes (PCGs) was determined by DNA data rather than by prior age constraints. Dating analyses using PCGs showed that
Cinnamomum
sect.
Camphora
diverged from
C.
sect.
Cinnamomum
in the late Oligocene (27.47 Ma).
Conclusions
This study reports the first case of drastic IR expansion in tribe Cinnamomeae, and indicates that plastomes have sufficient parsimony-informative sites for molecular dating. Besides, the dating analyses provide preliminary insights into the divergence time within tribe Cinnamomeae and can facilitate future studies on its historical biogeography.
Journal Article
Recent Advances in High-Efficiency Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Systems
Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable energy input to produce clean hydrogen (H
2
) has been widely considered a prospective approach for a future hydrogen-based society. However, the development of industrial alkaline water electrolyzers is hindered due to their unfavorable thermodynamics with high overpotential for delivering the whole process, caused by sluggish kinetics involving four-electron transfer. Further exploration of water electrolysis with low energy consumption and high efficiency is urgently required to meet the ever-growing energy storage and portfolio demands. This review emphasizes the strategies proposed thus far to pursue high-efficiency water electrolysis systems, including from the aspects of electrocatalysts (from monofunctional to bifunctional), electrode engineering (from powdery to self-supported), energy sources (from nonrenewable to renewable), electrolytes (from pure to hybrid), and cell configurations (from integrated to decoupled). Critical appraisals of the pivotal electrochemistry are highlighted to address the challenges in elevating the overall efficiency of water splitting. Finally, valuable insights for the future development directions and bottlenecks of advanced, sustainable, and high-efficiency water splitting systems are outlined.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Heteroatom-Induced Accelerated Kinetics on Nickel Selenide for Highly Efficient Hydrazine-Assisted Water Splitting and Zn-Hydrazine Battery
HighlightsUltrathin P and Fe co-doped NiSe2 nanosheets supported on modified Ni foam are synthesized, which shows desirable bifunctional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) performance in hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis and Zn-Hz battery.The coexistence of P and Fe heteroatoms induces an accelerated “2 + 2” reaction mechanism with a two-step HER process and a two-step HzOR step.Hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis is a promising energy conversion technology for highly efficient hydrogen production. Rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts, which can simultaneously accelerate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) kinetics, is the key step. Herein, we demonstrate the development of ultrathin P/Fe co-doped NiSe2 nanosheets supported on modified Ni foam (P/Fe-NiSe2) synthesized through a facile electrodeposition process and subsequent heat treatment. Based on electrochemical measurements, characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, a favorable “2 + 2” reaction mechanism with a two-step HER process and a two-step HzOR step was fully proved and the specific effect of P doping on HzOR kinetics was investigated. P/Fe-NiSe2 thus yields an impressive electrocatalytic performance, delivering a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 with potentials of − 168 and 200 mV for HER and HzOR, respectively. Additionally, P/Fe-NiSe2 can work efficiently for hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis and Zn-Hydrazine (Zn-Hz) battery, making it promising for practical application.
Journal Article
Curing hemophilia A by NHEJ-mediated ectopic F8 insertion in the mouse
Background
Hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder resulting from
F8
mutations, can only be cured by gene therapy. A promising strategy is CRISPR-Cas9-mediated precise insertion of
F8
in hepatocytes at highly expressed gene loci, such as albumin (
Alb
). Unfortunately, the precise in vivo integration efficiency of a long insert is very low (~ 0.1%).
Results
We report that the use of a double-cut donor leads to a 10- to 20-fold increase in liver editing efficiency, thereby completely reconstituting serum F8 activity in a mouse model of hemophilia A after hydrodynamic injection of Cas9-sgAlb and B domain-deleted (BDD) F8 donor plasmids. We find that the integration of a double-cut donor at the
Alb
locus in mouse liver is mainly through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated knock-in. We then target
BDDF8
to multiple sites on introns 11 and 13 and find that NHEJ-mediated insertion of
BDDF8
restores hemostasis. Finally, using 3 AAV8 vectors to deliver genome editing components, including Cas9, sgRNA, and
BDDF8
donor, we observe the same therapeutic effects. A follow-up of 100 mice over 1 year shows no adverse effects.
Conclusions
These findings lay the foundation for curing hemophilia A by NHEJ knock-in of
BDDF8
at
Alb
introns after AAV-mediated delivery of editing components.
Journal Article
Plastid phylogenomics of tribe Perseeae (Lauraceae) yields insights into the evolution of East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests
Background
The East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs) harbor remarkable biodiversity. However, their historical assembly remains unclear. To gain new insights into the assembly of this biome, we generated a molecular phylogeny of one of its essential plant groups, the tribe Perseeae (Lauraceae).
Results
Our plastid tree topologies were robust to analyses based on different plastid regions and different strategies for data partitioning, nucleotide substitution saturation, and gap handling. We found that tribe Perseeae comprised six major clades and began to colonize the subtropical EBLFs of East Asia in the early Miocene. The diversification rates of tribe Perseeae accelerated twice in the late Miocene.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the intensified precipitation in East Asia in the early Miocene may have facilitated range expansions of the subtropical EBLFs and establishment of tribe Perseeae within this biome. By the late Miocene, species assembly and diversification within the EBLFs had become rapid.
Journal Article
A Graphene-Based Resistive Pressure Sensor with Record-High Sensitivity in a Wide Pressure Range
Pressure sensors are a key component in electronic skin (e-skin) sensing systems. Most reported resistive pressure sensors have a high sensitivity at low pressures (<5 kPa) to enable ultra-sensitive detection. However, the sensitivity drops significantly at high pressures (>5 kPa), which is inadequate for practical applications. For example, actions like a gentle touch and object manipulation have pressures below 10 kPa and 10–100 kPa, respectively. Maintaining a high sensitivity in a wide pressure range is in great demand. Here, a flexible, wide range and ultra-sensitive resistive pressure sensor with a foam-like structure based on laser-scribed graphene (LSG) is demonstrated. Benefitting from the large spacing between graphene layers and the unique v-shaped microstructure of the LSG, the sensitivity of the pressure sensor is as high as 0.96 kPa
−1
in a wide pressure range (0 ~ 50 kPa). Considering both sensitivity and pressure sensing range, the pressure sensor developed in this work is the best among all reported pressure sensors to date. A model of the LSG pressure sensor is also established, which agrees well with the experimental results. This work indicates that laser scribed flexible graphene pressure sensors could be widely used for artificial e-skin, medical-sensing, bio-sensing and many other areas.
Journal Article
Feelings of loneliness and mental health needs and services utilization among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic
Background
Due to the implementation of social distancing and quarantine measures, loneliness has been a major public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined loneliness in Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as its associations with mental health needs and services utilization.
Methods
The present study was a cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A total of 7741 adults were invited and completed an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to screen for common mental health problems, loneliness was measured with a single-item self-report question (“How often do you feel lonely in recent days?”), and two standardized questions were used to assess perceived needs for and use of mental health services.
Results
In total, 24.2 % of the participants felt lonely in recent days. Age of 16–29 years (OR = 1.36,
P
= 0.020), marital status of never-married (OR = 1.47,
P
< 0.001), marital status of “others” (re-married, co-habiting, separated, divorced, and widowed) (OR = 1.72,
P
< 0.001), having infected family members or close relatives (OR = 1.64,
P
= 0.026), and having infected colleagues, friends, or classmates (OR = 1.62,
P
< 0.001) were significant correlates of loneliness. Rates of mental health needs (17.4 % vs. 4.9 %,
P
< 0.001) and services utilization (2.7 % vs. 1.0 %,
P
< 0.001) were significantly higher in lonely than not lonely participants. After adjusting for socio-demographic and epidemic characteristics and common mental health problems, loneliness was still significantly associated with mental health needs (OR = 2.50,
P
< 0.001) and services utilization (OR = 1.62,
P
= 0.020).
Conclusions
Feelings of loneliness are prevalent among Chinese residents affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the presence of loneliness is associated with high levels of mental health needs and greater services utilization. Effective measures aiming at preventing or reducing loneliness are potentially beneficial for the mental wellbeing of COVID-19-affected population and reducing the use of the limited mental health service resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal Article
A facile way to construct sensor array library via supramolecular chemistry for discriminating complex systems
Differential sensing, which discriminates analytes via pattern recognition by sensor arrays, plays an important role in our understanding of many chemical and biological systems. However, it remains challenging to develop new methods to build a sensor unit library without incurring a high workload of synthesis. Herein, we propose a supramolecular approach to construct a sensor unit library by taking full advantage of recognition and assembly. Ten sensor arrays are developed by replacing the building block combinations, adjusting the ratio between system components, and changing the environment. Using proteins as model analytes, we examine the discriminative abilities of these supramolecular sensor arrays. Then the practical applicability for discriminating complex analytes is further demonstrated using honey as an example. This sensor array construction strategy is simple, tunable, and capable of developing many sensor units with as few syntheses as possible.
The development of sensor unit libraries that require minimal synthetic effort is challenging. Here, the authors report the preparation of sensor array libraries based on a supramolecular approach that relies on the recognition and assembly of macrocyclic amphiphiles.
Journal Article