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"Timmis, Ivor"
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Pronouns and identity: A case study from a 1930s working-class community
This article investigates the relationship between certain pronoun uses and identity in a 1930s working class community. It is based on a corpus of informal conversations drawn from the Mass-Observation archive, a sociological and anthropological study of the Bolton (UK) working class at this time. The article argues that certain pronoun uses in the corpus can only be explained as homophoric reference, a kind of reference which depends on implicit agreement about the intended referent of the pronoun. The article then discusses the basis on which this implicit agreement could operate: shared culture and knowledge and a tight network of social relations. In the conclusion, two particular questions are raised: 1) How far can the homophoric reference described be related to social class? 2) When does (dialect) grammar become pragmatics?
Journal Article
Self-directed Noticing for Defossilissation: Three Case Studies
This article discusses three case studies where researchers addressed specific aspects of their second language use which they perceived to be fossilised. The first case deals with a Korean researcher’s perceived lack of progress in speaking skills in English, particularly in active vocabulary; the second case looks at an English researcher’s problem with gender assignment and adjective agreement in German, while the third case looks at an English researcher’s difficulties with French pronunciation. Each researcher devised a treatment for his/her particular problem independently and applied the treatment, for the most part, autonomously. We argue that this kind of approach has the potential to lead to defossilisation but, more importantly, we argue that it is an invaluable way of raising awareness of the range of cognitive and affective strategies that are available to the learner, and the importance of metacognitive knowledge and strategies in deploying these resources to best effect.
Journal Article
