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We have observed a deeply bound state of the $\\Xi ^{-}$–^{14}{\\rm N}$ system that decayed into twin single-hypernuclei in nuclear emulsion exposed in the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The process is uniquely identified as $\\Xi ^{-} + {}^{14}{\\rm N} \\rightarrow {{}^{10}_{\\Lambda }{\\rm Be}} + {{}^{5}_{\\Lambda }{\\rm He}}$. We have measured the binding energy of the $\\Xi ^{-}$–^{14}{\\rm N}$ system, $B_{\\Xi ^{-}}$, to be $4.38 \\pm 0.25$MeV, which is significantly larger than that of the $\\Xi ^{-}$–^{14}{\\rm N}$ 3$D$ atomic state (0.17 MeV), if both single-hypernuclei are emitted in the ground state from at-rest capture of a $\\Xi ^{-}$ hyperon. If the ${{}^{10}_{\\Lambda }{\\rm Be}}$ nucleus is produced in an excited state, the $B_{\\Xi ^{-}}$ value mentioned above decreases by the excitation energy. Model calculations based on known values for ${{}^{9}{\\rm Be}}$ excited states have predicted two excited states in the bound region. Even in the case of ${{}^{10}_{\\Lambda }{\\rm Be}}$ production in the highest excited state, the $B_{\\Xi ^{-}}$ value is far from the 3$D$ atomic level of the $\\Xi ^{-}$–^{14}{\\rm N}$ system by more than 3.7 standard deviations. The event provides the first clear evidence of a deeply bound state of the $\\Xi ^{-}$–^{14}{\\rm N}$ system by an attractive $\\Xi$N interaction.

Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most useful methods for investigation of the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction. Since the X-ray energy is shifted and/or broadened due to the Ξ–nucleus strong interaction compared to those calculated from electromagnetic interaction alone, the measurement of the energy shift, ΔE, and the width, Γ, give us information on the Ξ–nucleus potential. A serious problem in the measurement is the significant background derived from in-flight Ξ− decay. A novel method of identifying stopped Ξ− events using the nuclear emulsion was developed to realize the first Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy experiment as the J-PARC E07 experiment, which also aimed at searching for ΛΛ and Ξ− hypernuclei in the emulsion. The X-rays emitted from Ξ− Br and Ξ− Ag atoms were measured using germanium detectors. No clear peaks were observed in the obtained spectra. However, we succeeded in reducing the background to 1/170 by this method employing coincidence measurements using nuclear emulsion and X-ray detectors.

Bound-systems of \\(\\Xi^-\\)--\\(^{14}_{}{\\rm N}\\) are studied via \\(\\Xi^-\\) capture at rest followed by emission of a twin single-\\(\\Lambda\\) hypernucleus in the emulsion detectors. Two events forming extremely deep \\(\\Xi^-\\) bound states were obtained by analysis of a hybrid method in the E07 experiment at J-PARC and reanalysis of the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The decay mode of one event was assigned as \\(\\Xi^-+^{14}_{}{\\rm N}\\to^{5}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm He}\\)+\\(^{5}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm He}\\)+\\(^{4}_{}{\\rm He}\\)+n. Since there are no excited states for daughter particles, the binding energy of the \\(\\Xi^-\\) hyperon, \\(B_{\\Xi^-}\\), in \\(^{14}_{}{\\rm N}\\) nucleus was uniquely determined to be 6.27 \\(\\pm\\) 0.27 MeV. Another \\(\\Xi^-\\)--\\(^{14}_{}{\\rm N}\\) system via the decay \\(^{9}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm Be}\\) + \\(^{5}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm He}\\) + n brings a \\(B_{\\Xi^-}\\) value, 8.00 \\(\\pm\\) 0.77 MeV or 4.96 \\(\\pm\\) 0.77 MeV, where the two possible values of \\(B_{\\Xi^-}\\) correspond to the ground and the excited states of the daughter \\(^{9}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm Be}\\) nucleus, respectively. Because the \\(B_{\\Xi^-}\\) values are larger than those of the previously reported events (KISO and IBUKI), which are both interpreted as the nuclear \\(1p\\) state of the \\(\\Xi^-\\)--\\(^{14}_{}{\\rm N}\\) system, these new events give the first indication of the nuclear \\(1s\\) state of the \\(\\Xi\\) hypernucleus, \\(^{15}_{\\Xi}{\\rm C}\\).

Abstract A double-$\\Lambda$ hypernucleus, _{\\Lambda\\Lambda}\\mathrm{Be}$, was observed by the J-PARC E07 Collaboration in nuclear emulsions tagged by the ($K^{-}, K^{+}$) reaction. This event was interpreted as the production and decay of $ {}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;10}\\mathrm{Be}$, _{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;11}\\mathrm{Be}$, or _{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;12}\\mathrm{Be}^{*}$ via $\\Xi^{-}$ capture in ^{16}\\mathrm{O}$. By assuming capture in the atomic 3D state, the binding energies of two $\\Lambda$ hyperons ($B_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}$) of these double-$\\Lambda$ hypernuclei are obtained to be $15.05 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$, $19.07 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$, and $13.68 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. Based on the kinematic fitting, _{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;11}\\mathrm{Be}$ is the most likely explanation for the observed event.

Abstract Bound systems of $\\Xi^-$–$^{14}_{}{\\rm N}$ are studied via $\\Xi^-$ capture at rest followed by emission of a twin single-$\\Lambda$ hypernucleus in the emulsion detectors. Two events forming extremely deep $\\Xi^-$ bound states were obtained by analysis of a hybrid method in the E07 experiment at J-PARC and reanalysis of the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The decay mode of one event was assigned as $\\Xi^-+^{14}\\!\\,\\!\\!{\\rm N}\\to^{5}_{\\Lambda}\\!\\!\\!{\\rm He} + ^{5}_{\\Lambda}\\!\\!{\\rm He} + ^{4}\\!\\!{\\rm He} + \\mathrm{n}$. Since there are no excited states for daughter particles, the binding energy of the $\\Xi^-$ hyperon, $B_{\\Xi^-}$, in the $^{14}_{}{\\rm N}$ nucleus was uniquely determined to be $6.27 \\pm 0.27$ MeV. Another $\\Xi^-$–$^{14}_{}{\\rm N}$ system via the decay $^{9}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm Be} + ^{5}_{\\Lambda}\\!\\!\\!{\\rm He} + \\mathrm{n}$ brings a $B_{\\Xi^-}$ value, $8.00 \\pm 0.77$ MeV or $4.96 \\pm 0.77$ MeV, where the two possible values of $B_{\\Xi^-}$ correspond to the ground and the excited states of the daughter $^{9}_{\\Lambda}{\\rm Be}$ nucleus, respectively. Because the $B_{\\Xi^-}$ values are larger than those of the previously reported events (KISO and IBUKI), which are both interpreted as the nuclear $1p$ state of the $\\Xi^-$–$^{14}_{}{\\rm N}$ system, these new events give the first indication of the nuclear $1s$ state of the $\\Xi$ hypernucleus, $^{15}_{\\Xi}{\\rm C}$.

A double-\\(\\Lambda\\) hypernucleus, \\({}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}\\mathrm{Be}\\), was observed by the J-PARC E07 collaboration in nuclear emulsions tagged by the \\((K^{-},K^{+})\\) reaction. This event was interpreted as a production and decay of \\( {}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;10}\\mathrm{Be}\\), \\({}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;11}\\mathrm{Be}\\), or \\({}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;12}\\mathrm{Be}^{*}\\) via \\(\\Xi^{-}\\) capture in \\({}^{16}\\mathrm{O}\\). By assuming the capture in the atomic 3D state, the binding energy of two \\(\\Lambda\\) hyperons\\(\\,\\)(\\(B_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}\\)) of these double-\\(\\Lambda\\) hypernuclei are obtained to be \\(15.05 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}\\), \\(19.07 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}\\), and \\(13.68 \\pm 0.11\\,\\mathrm{MeV}\\), respectively. Based on the kinematic fitting, \\({}_{\\Lambda\\Lambda}^{\\;11}\\mathrm{Be}\\) is the most likely explanation for the observed event.

In an emulsion-counter hybrid experiment performed at J-PARC, a \\(\\Xi^-\\) absorption event was observed which decayed into twin single-\\(\\Lambda\\) hypernuclei. Kinematic calculations enabled a unique identification of the reaction process as \\(\\Xi^{-} + ^{14}\\)N\\(\\ \\rightarrow\\ ^{10}_\\Lambda\\)Be + \\(^5_\\Lambda\\)He. For the binding energy of the \\(\\Xi^{-}\\) hyperon in the \\(\\Xi^-\\)-\\(^{14}\\)N system a value of \\(1.27 \\pm 0.21\\) MeV was deduced. The energy level of \\(\\Xi^-\\) is likely a nuclear \\(1p\\) state which indicates a weak \\({\\Xi}N\\)-\\(\\Lambda\\Lambda\\) coupling.

Background Comprehensive interventions are needed for smoking concerns among industrial workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based integrated health education and mobile phone short message service intervention on improving health knowledge, perception, and self-efficacy toward smoking among industrial workers in Myanmar. This study uniquely integrates Health Belief Model-based health education sessions with short message service over three months, addressing the specific needs of this demographic. Methods A quasi-experimental study involved 146 workers per group in Mandalay Industrial Zone, Myanmar. A Health Belief Model-based intervention included six health education sessions and daily short message service with weekly repeated content for the intervention group. The outcomes were health knowledge, perception (susceptibility, severity, barriers, and benefits), and self-efficacy, assessed at baseline, immediately after the 3-month training, and 3 months post-training completion in both groups. Homogeneity between groups at baseline was assessed using the chi-square test and the independent t-test. Between-group differences were compared using the independent t-test, and within-group changes were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA. Generalized Estimating Equations was applied to adjust for baseline differences between groups, accounting for variables such as age, marital status, education status, income, age at first cigarette smoked, and years of smoking cigarettes. Significance level was set at p  < 0.05. Results Health knowledge in the intervention group significantly increased at immediately after the 3-month training but slightly declined at 3 months post-training completion ( p  < 0.001). Compared to the control group, perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, and benefits, as well as self-efficacy, improved significantly immediately after the 3-month training ( p  < 0.001). Generalized Estimating Equations analysis revealed significant Group × Time interaction effects, showing positive effects on health knowledge (B = 0.991, p  < 0.001), and notable improvements in perceived susceptibility (B = 5.091, p  < 0.001), severity (B = 3.973, p  < 0.001), barriers (B = 3.823, p  < 0.001), benefits (B = 1.797, p  < 0.001), and self-efficacy (B = 1.742, p  < 0.001). Conclusions This study’s intervention significantly improved the health knowledge, perception, and self-efficacy toward smoking among industrial workers in Myanmar, highlighting the importance of targeted workplace interventions.

Background:Studying the determinants and the long-term consequences of fetal adipose accretion requires accurate assessment of neonatal body composition. In large epidemiological studies, in-depth body composition measurement methods are usually not feasible for cost and logistical reasons, and there is a need to identify anthropometric measures that adequately reflect neonatal adiposity.Methods:In a multiethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort in Singapore, anthropometric measures (weight, length, abdominal circumference, skinfold thicknesses) were measured using standardized protocols in newborn infants, and anthropometric indices (weight/length, weight/length2 (body mass index, BMI), weight/length3 (ponderal index, PI)) derived. Neonatal total adiposity was measured using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and abdominal adiposity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Correlations of the anthropometric measures with ADP- and MRI-based adiposity were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (rp ), including in subsamples stratified by sex and ethnicity.Results:Study neonates (n=251) had a mean (s.d.) age of 10.2 (2.5) days. Correlations between ADP-based fat mass (ADPFM ) and anthropometric measures were moderate (rp range: 0.44-0.67), with the strongest being with weight/length, weight, BMI and sum of skinfolds (rp =0.67, 0.66, 0.62, 0.62, respectively, all P<0.01). All anthropometric measures except skinfold thicknesses correlated more strongly with ADP-based fat-free mass than ADPFM , indicating that skinfold measures may have more discriminative power in terms of neonatal total body adiposity. For MRI-based measures, weight and weight/length consistently showed strong positive correlations (rp [egs]0.7) with abdominal adipose tissue compartments. These correlations were consistent in boys and girls, across different ethnic groups, and when conventional determinants of neonatal adiposity were adjusted for potential confounding. Abdominal circumference was not strongly associated with ADPFM or abdominal fat mass.Conclusions:Simple anthropometric measures (weight and weight/length) correlated strongly with neonatal adiposity, with some evidence for greater discriminative power for skinfold measures. These simple measures could be of value in large epidemiological studies.

Background/objectives: Prediction equations are commonly used to estimate body fat from anthropometric measurements, but are population specific. We aimed to establish and validate a body composition prediction formula for Asian newborns, and compared the performance of this formula with that of a published equation. Subjects/methods: Among 262 neonates (174 from day 0, 88 from days 1–3 post delivery) from a prospective cohort study, body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography (PEA POD), with standard anthropometric measurements, including triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Using fat mass measurement by PEA POD as a reference, stepwise linear regression was utilized to develop a prediction equation in a randomly selected subgroup of 62 infants measured on days 1–3, which was then validated in another subgroup of 200 infants measured on days 0–3. Results: Regression analyses revealed subscapular skinfolds, weight, gender and gestational age were significant predictors of neonatal fat mass, explaining 81.1% of the variance, but not triceps skinfold or ethnicity. By Bland–Altman analyses, our prediction equation revealed a non-significant bias with limits of agreement (LOA) similar to those of a published equation for infants measured on days 1–3 (95% LOA: (−0.25, 0.26) kg vs (−0.23, 0.21) kg) and on day 0 (95% LOA: (−0.19, 0.17) kg vs (−0.17, 0.18) kg). The published equation, however, exhibited a systematic bias in our sample. Conclusions: Our equation requires only one skinfold site measurement, which can significantly reduce time and effort. It does not require the input of ethnicity and, thus, aid its application to other Asian neonatal populations.