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Background Spiritually sensitive nurses perceive the spiritual attitudes and feelings of others. They play a positive role in providing spiritual care to patients. Spiritually sensitive nurses deal appropriately with suffering, frustration, and spiritual dysfunction. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain Iranian nurses’ experiences of spiritual sensitivity. Methods This qualitative descriptive explorative study used conventional content analysis and purposeful sampling to explain the experiences of Iranian nurses (n = 19). This study used in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 nurses, as well as maximum variation sampling to gather rich information (age, sex, religion, work experience, level of education, marital status, type of hospital and ward) from March 2021 to January 2022. The current study also employed Guba & Lincoln criteria to increase data trustworthiness and Graneheim and Lundman approach to analyze the content. Results The research data showed 497 codes, 1 theme, 3 categories, and 6 subcategories. The theme of “Nurse’s spiritual sensitivity as a higher perception and reflection toward spiritual care” included three categories of the spiritual and professional character of the nurse, perception of the spiritual needs of patients and their families, and the nurse’s reflection on the religious beliefs of patients and their families. Conclusion Spiritual sensitivity helps a nurse to provide holistic care for patients and their families. Therefore, managers and policymakers should create guidelines to help nurses become more spiritually sensitive as well as to meet spiritual needs of patients. Further quantitative and qualitative research should confirm these results in other social and cultural contexts.

Introduction Constipation can be one of the biggest health problems for the older people that has negative effects on their quality of life. Some studies have reported that new non-pharmacological interventions such auricular acupressure have promising results in the management of constipation. This study was performed to investigate the effect of auricular acupressure on constipation and health-related quality of life in the older people living in the residential care home. Methods Sample of this randomized clinical trial consisted of 53 older people with chronic constipation living in a residential care home in the southeast of Iran (Kerman city). The participants were randomly assigned to intervention ( n  = 27) and control ( n  = 26) groups. Auricular acupressure was applied to seven auricular acupoints (large intestine, rectum, San Jiao, spleen, lung, sympathetic, and subcortex) using Vaccaria seeds for the intervention group and for the control group, seedless auricular plasters were used at the seven auricular acupoints for 10 days. Data were collected before the intervention, end of the intervention, and 10-day follow-up using demographic and clinical, Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptom, and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life questionnaires. The SPSS-22 software was used for data analysis. Results The difference between groups and times was significant in constipation and related quality of life and scores. The mean score of constipation at the end of intervention was 0.41 less in the intervention group than the control group ( P  < 0.0001). This mean score, in the intervention group also on the 10-day follow-up was 0.09 less than the control group ( P  = 0.004), which indicates a decrease in the severity of constipation symptoms. In the intervention group, mean score of quality of life related to constipation at the end of intervention and the 10-day follow-up was 0.56 and 0.19 less than the control group (Decrease in the mean score of quality of life related to constipation indicates an improvement in the quality of life) ( P  < 0.0001). Conclusion The results showed the positive effect of auricular acupressure on reducing the severity of constipation symptoms and improving the quality of life in old patients living in the residential care home. This non-pharmaceutical practice can be used by nurses as an inexpensive, safe, acceptable, and non-invasive nursing care for older people with constipation in homes, medical centers, or nursing homes.

Background and aim Spirituality is the central core of human existential dimensions, and considering the positive effects of spirituality on all aspects of individuals’ individual and social lives, examining the components related to spirituality is of particular importance. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual sensitivity and spiritual intelligence and spiritual growth in nursing and midwifery students. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 270 nursing and midwifery students at the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in southeastern Iran in 2021–2022. The study instruments included demographic questionnaires, Tirri & Nokelainen spiritual sensitivity, King spiritual intelligence (SISIR), and SAI spiritual growth. Results The mean spiritual sensitivity score was 38.31 ± 8.20, indicating a low level. The mean spiritual intelligence score was 50.08 ± 9.50, which corresponds to a moderate level. The mean score for spiritual growth was 122.75 ± 27.89, reflecting a level below moderate.30.1% ( n  = 80) of students had low spiritual growth, 63.5% ( n  = 169) were in average level and 6.4% ( n  = 17) were in high level. Spiritual sensitivity was positively correlated with spiritual intelligence and all its dimensions ( r  = 0.55, P  < 0.001). Also, Spiritual sensitivity was positively correlated with spiritual growth in all its dimensions ( r  = 0.54, P  < 0.001). Conclusion The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between spiritual sensitivity and both spiritual intelligence and spiritual growth across all examined dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing spiritual sensitivity to support the development of spiritual intelligence and growth, which could improve holistic care in nursing and midwifery education. Addressing spiritual sensitivity may have significant implications for better psychological well-being and patient care in future healthcare professionals.

Research is limited regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and professional quality of life (ProQOL) in Iranian nurses, especially nurses working in psychiatric units. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between PTSD and ProQOL among psychiatric nurses in Kerman, Iran. This cross-sectional correlational study comprised 160 nurses working in three clinical settings supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Data were gathered using two questionnaires: PTSD Checklist and ProQOL Scale. Mean total PTSD score was 35.18 (SD = 10.92, range = 17 to 85), indicating nurses experienced moderate PTSD. Among ProQOL domains, burnout had the highest mean score and compassion fatigue had the lowest mean score. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, PTSD score had a relationship with compassion satisfaction (r = −0.29; p < 0.001), compassion fatigue (r = 0.61; p < 0.001), and burnout (r = 0.36; p = 0.001). The current study results suggest that examining work-related PTSD, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue in mental health nurses can help identify strategies to improve working conditions and quality of nursing care. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57(3), 39–47.]

Background Integration of clients’ religion/spirituality (R/S) into nursing practice can have effective outcomes in clients’ health. In this regard, nurses’ lack of competency can disrupt this process and interfere with the treatment process. Limited studies examined the impact of training programs on nurses’ competency in spiritual care and integration of clients’ R/S into clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an online training program on nurses’ empowerment for integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice. Methods In the present interventional study, 80 nurses were selected by stratified sampling from two hospitals in the southeastern Iran. Nurses were randomly divided into the intervention ( n  = 40) and control ( n  = 40) groups. An online training program was performed for the intervention group in four 2-hour sessions during three weeks. Data were collected from all participants using the R/S Integrated Practice Assessment Scale (RSIPAS) before and one month after the intervention. Results Prior to the intervention, scores of integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (t = 0.23, p  = 0.81). However, after the training program, these scores increased significantly with a very large effect size compared to the control group (t = 4.31, p  = 0.001). Although the control group scores improved significantly after the intervention compared to the pre-intervention stage, the effect size was very small (t = -2.55, p  = 0.01). Conclusions The online training program had a positive effect on nurses’ competency for integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice in the intervention group. Due to the importance of integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice, nurses’ competency should be strengthened in this area. Managers are suggested to consider appropriate strategies in order to empower nurses in integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice. Nurse educators can benefit from our experiences in application of online training programs in nursing schools.

Background and objectives The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery on fatigue, stigma, and mood in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods This clinical trial is a double-blind study that was conducted on 60 patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the largest center for special diseases in the southeast of Iran in 2020. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants who were later divided into two groups of intervention ( n  = 30) and control ( n  = 30) using block randomization method. The intervention group listened to the guided imagery audio file at home for 25 min. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaires, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Reece Stigma Scale for Multiple Sclerosis (RSS-MS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and one month after the intervention. Results According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention in terms of the score of fatigue ( P  < 0.0 = 67), stigma ( P  < 0.64), and mood ( P  < 0.17). However, after the intervention, a significant differences was observed in this regard ( P  < 0.0001). In the intervention group, the mean score of fatigue decreased from 59.72 ± 18.32 to 35.8 ± 16.15, and the mean score of stigma decreased from 17.31 ± 15.62 to 5.09 ± 8.06, showing a significant reduction in the levels of fatigue ( P  < 0.0001) and stigma ( P  < 0.0001) compared to before intervention. Also, the mean score of mood decreased from 36.90 ± 12.21 to 28.55 ± 11.87, indicating an improvement in the mood of samples in the intervention group ( P  < 0.0001). Conclusions The results indicated that guided imagery, as a cost-effective method, can decrease the fatigue and stigma, and enhance the mood of patients with MS. Therefore, nursing staff can use this method to improve MS patients’ mood and decrease their fatigue and stigma.

Background Thalassemia is a genetic and chronic congenital disorder composed of physical problems that severely impair patients’ cognitive, psychological and social processes. The rehabilitation of patients is particularly important because they have a high rejection sensitivity and low resilience. The present study aimed to determine the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling on rejection sensitivity and resilience in patients with thalassemia referring to a dedicated disease center in Kerman, Iran. Materials and methods We conducted this randomized controlled trial study on 66 patients with thalassemia referring to the Kerman Thalassemia Center in Kerman, Iran in 2022. Using convenience sampling and the stratified block randomization method, we divided the samples into two intervention ( N  = 33) and control ( N  = 33) groups. Patients in the intervention group received eight 60-min online mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling sessions (one session per week) and completed the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Adult Version (A-RSQ) and the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale before and after the intervention. We collected data using the SPSS 25 trial and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), Chi-Square test, Independent-samples t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Analysis of covariance. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results We found no significant difference in the mean scores of rejection sensitivity between the intervention (8.75 ± 4.86) and control groups (9.87 ± 5.16) before the intervention. Mean scores for rejection sensitivity were 10.23 ± 4.94 in the control group and 7.11 ± 4.13 in the intervention group after the intervention, the results of analysis of covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between two groups after the intervention (F = 7.52, p  = 0.008). The mean resilience score in the control group was 63.69 ± 19.43, while it was 67.72 ± 17.98 in the intervention group before the intervention and there is no significant difference between them, but the mean resilience scores in the control and intervention groups were 58.06 ± 22.81 and 74.18 ± 17.46 after the intervention, respectively. the results of analysis of covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between two groups after the intervention (F = 9.28, p  = 0.004). Conclusion Our results showed that in addition to other physical treatments, mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling was effective in reducing the patient’s rejection sensitivity and increasing the resilience of patients with thalassemia.

Background Controlling risk factors and lifestyle modification in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients plays an important role and leads to the empowerment of these patients to take care of themselves. One way to empower these patients is to improve their self-efficacy and hope. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the planned discharge on cardiac self-efficacy and hope of CABG patients. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, the sample consisted of 60 people (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group). Data were collected using the Miller Hope Questionnaire and Sullivan Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using central indices of mean and standard deviation and Chi-square, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance. The software used for data analysis was SPSS version 19. Results The mean age of participants in the control group was 91/9 ± 86/91 and in the intervention, group was 33/7 ± 7/58. There was no significant difference between the demographic characteristics, heart self-efficacy and hope scores of the participants in the control and intervention groups. After the intervention, there was a meaningful statistical difference between the two groups at discharge time and 1 month afterward in both hope and cardiac heart self-efficacy scores (p = 0.001, 0.0001). Conclusion In this study, the implementation of the discharge program was effective in increasing the hope and cardiac self-efficacy of CABG patients and the use of the discharge plan is recommended to improve the outcomes of these patients.

Several studies have been conducted among cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) survivors. Some studies have shown that positive and negative experiences coexist. Emotional distress and psychopathology in CPR survivors are related to the urgent need to make growth. Understanding the meaning of CPR survivors' lived experiences of growth may facilitate their growth. The aim of the study was to illuminate the meaning of CPR survivor's lived experiences of growth in southeast Iran. A qualitative design using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach influenced by Ricoeur was used in 12 CPR survivors. Three main themes emerged including: (1) opening up a new horizon in the meaning of life, (2) opening up a new horizon in the meaning of interpersonal connections and (3) opening up a new horizon in the meaning of God and spirituality. The interpreted comprehensive understanding conveyed a meaning that CPR survivors' experience of growth seems to be like opening the doors of perception to the higher reality. The finding may assist other CPR survivors to learn from participants in this study. Exposure to suitable narratives under health care provider supervision could develop profound learning. Training sessions with an emphasis on meditation education and how to use connecting to God in the adaptation process may approve the quality of life of CPR survivors.