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The zero-velocity surfaces of the general planar three-body problem are constructed in form space, i.e., the factor space of the configuration space by transfer and rotation. Such a space is the space of congruent triangles, and the sphere in this space is similar triangles. The integral of energy in form space gives the equation of a zero-velocity surface. These surfaces can also be obtained based on the Sundman inequality. Such surfaces separate areas of possible motion from areas where motion is impossible. Without loss of generality, we can assume that the constant energy is −1/2 and the sought surfaces depend only on the magnitude of the angular momentum of the problem, J . Depending on this value, five topologically different types of surfaces can be distinguished. For small J , the surface consists of two separate surfaces, internal and external ones, motion is possible only between them. With J increasing the inner surface increases, the outer surface decreases, the surfaces first have a common point at some value of J , with a further increase in J , their topological type changes and finally the zero-velocity surface splits into three nonintersecting surfaces, and motion is possible only inside them. Examples of the corresponding surfaces are given for each of these types, their cross sections in the plane xy and in the plane xz and the surfaces themselves are constructed, and their properties are studied.

A review is given, in the modern context of applications, of the major important scientific results obtained by the scientists and graduates of St. Petersburg State University in the field of celestial mechanics and stellar dynamics. The second part of the review covers the following topics: estimates and calculation of the MOID parameter, problems of asteroid–comet hazard, dust complexes in the Solar System, rotational dynamics of planetary satellites, circumbinary dynamics, and methods for the discovery and determination of orbits of exoplanets.

A review is given, in the modern context of applications, of the major important scientific results obtained by scientists and graduates of St. Petersburg State University in the field of celestial mechanics and stellar dynamics. The following topics are discussed: the Antonov laws of stellar dynamics, Abalakin–Batrakov libration points, Kholshevnikov metrics, Agekyan–Anosova homological region, Orlov metastable triple systems, Ogorodnikoff–Milne models, Ossipkov–Merritt models, estimation and calculation of the MOID parameter, photogravitational celestial mechanics and solar sail, problems of asteroid–comet hazard, dust complexes in the Solar System, rotational dynamics of planetary satellites, circumbinary dynamics, and methods for the discovery and determination of orbits of exoplanets. The first part of the review presents the classical results.

Abstract—The heritable component of susceptibility to myocardial infraction (MI) remains unexplained, possibly due to the minor effects of genes, which are not obviously associated with the disease. These genes may be integrated in miRNA regulated networks associated with myocardial infarction. A systematic review of the literature led us to selecting rs2910164 (MIR146A), rs11614913 (MIR196A2), and rs3746444 (MIR499А) variants to study the association with the MI phenotype. In ethnic Russians, variant rs11614913*C (MIR196A2) was found to be associated with the risk of myocardial infraction (p = 0.023, OR = 1.74) for the first time; this association was validated in an independent cohort. The gene-gene interaction network for experimentally validated miR-196a2 target genes was built and analyzed. One of its four topological clusters contained the majority of miR-196a2 target genes associated with atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction and was enriched with the genes regulating the TGFβ and class I MHC signaling pathways, platelet activation/aggregation, and the cell cycle control. This analysis points towards the role of miR-196a2 in the pathological coronary phenotypes and opens up an avenue for further investigations.

Frequencies of the carriership of alleles and genotypes of functionally important polymorphous loci of some inflammation genes (proinflammatory cytokine genes IL-6, LTA, and TNF; anti-inflammatory cytokine gene TGFB1; and CC chemokine receptor 5 gene CCR5) were analyzed in 199 ethnic Russian patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and in a control group of 142 persons of the same ethnic descent. Complex analysis by the APSampler algorithm revealed associations of MI with the carriership of all polymorphic variants either regarded as individual risk factors (insertion-deletion polymorphism of CCR5 and SNP G252A LTA) or in combination with other alleles or genotypes. The carriership of bi-or triallelic combinations was associated with MI more reliable than the carriership of any subsets: single alleles or allele pairs. The protective triallelic combination d*CCR5 + 252G*LTA + -174C*Il-6 was found to be the most significant (p = 0.0006, OR = 0.23, CI = 0.090-0.56). Separate analysis of genetic susceptibility to MI in men and women demonstrated sexual dimorphism for the CCR5 gene.

The estimates ofthe long-term variability ofair temperature are obtained from the century series of its monthly mean values. The warming is observed in autumn and winter (November-February) and the cooling takes place in March and October. In summer the strongly pronounced trend is absent. The average annual temperature slowly rises due to the autumn-winter warming.

Considered is the formation of thermal conditions and air temperature variations in adjoining years depending on the wind pattern. Established is the impact of northeastern and southeastern wind on air temperature. Revealed are the opposite effects of northeastern and southeastern wind on temperature in winter and summer.

Cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) are a challenge to modern health care throughout the world because they contribute greatly to morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Ischemic stroke constitutes the majority of cases of cerebrovascular accidents. It is a complex multifactorial polygenic disease, i.e., it develops under the influence of conventional risk factors and the genetic component. The latter is formed by the joint contribution of many independent or interacting polymorphic genes. Current studies of the genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke use two approaches based on the analysis of the association between polymorphic sites of the genome and the disease, including the candidate-gene approach and genome-wide association studies, followed by a meta-analysis of the results. This review considers the published data on genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke, which may be a starting point for the investigation of molecular mechanisms that determine the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Although some progress has been made in this field, the problem of identifying genetic risk factors that could be used as markers for predicting individual susceptibility to ischemic stroke is still far from a complete solution. The main obstacle to this is the low replication of the results. It can be overcome by investigating ethnically uniform populations and clinically distinct IS forms.

Carriage frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic loci of inflammation genes (49A>G CTLA4 , 41G>A and 87C>T PDE4D , −590C>T IL4 , −308A>G TNF , 252G>A LTA , 874A>T IFNG , −509С>Т, 869T>C and 915G>C TGFB1 ) were determined in a sample of 200 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and in the control group similar in gender and age (146 individuals), all ethnic Russians. The positive association of the allele PDE4D *87C ( р = 0.028) and genotype TGFB1 *−509Т/Т ( р = 0.02) carriage with ischemic stroke was shown. The association of the disease with the carriage of the allele PDE4D *41А ( р = 0.009) in individuals under the age of 60 and with carriage of the allele IFNG *874Т ( р = 0.02) in individuals older than 60 was observed among the subgroups of patients stratified by age when they suffered the stroke compared to a control group of the same age. In subgroups stratified by gender, carriage of the genotype T GFB1 *915G/G ( р = 0.0015) was identified as a risk factor in male patients, while no significant differences between female patients and healthy women were observed. Multilocus analysis was undertaken to search for the association of several combinations of studied gene variants with ischemic stroke. The polymorphic locus–174G>C of the IL6 gene, for which an association with the disease was previously demonstrated, was also included in this analysis. The disease-predisposing biallelic combinations include the IL6 *−174G, PDE4D *87C, TGFB1 *−509Т and TGFB1*915G alleles. In the subgroups stratified by gender, the allelic combinations mainly include the similar risk alleles as in the total group, while between the subgroups stratified by age (patients who suffered the first stroke at the age of 18 and no older than 60 years and older than 60 years), greater differences were observed. However, a new risk allele, LTA *252G, was identified in combination with PDE4D *41А in women. These findings demonstrate the important role of inflammation in ischemic stroke. The identified single and combined markers may be used further to determine an individual risk for ischemic stroke.

Thermal interaction between near-water atmospheric layer and surface water layer is considered within long-term, seasonal, synoptic, and mesoscale variability ranges from long-term air and water temperature measurement data. It is established that long-term mean monthly values of water temperature within annual cycle are greater than corresponding values of air temperature. Equations of relationships are obtained for long-term mean annual, mean seasonal, and mean monthly air and water temperature values.