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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly linked to both first-time and recurrent atherosclerotic thrombotic events. Although aspirin (ASA) is commonly used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, studies have shown that ASA does not significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in DM patients. This inconsistency highlights the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms of ASA resistance. Therefore, this study investigates the factors associated with aspirin resistance in DM patients, aiming to offer insights for improving cardiovascular disease prevention in this group. This study specifically investigated biochemical aspirin resistance, defined as inadequate suppression of thromboxane biosynthesis. This prospective case-control study enrolled 53 DM patients and 66 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Baseline metabolic-inflammatory markers-including BMI, LDL-C, cystatin C (CysC), hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR-were assessed alongside urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11dhTxB2) levels pre- and post-aspirin intervention (81-100 mg/day × 7 days). Biochemical aspirin resistance was defined as post-administration urinary 11dhTxB2 ≥ 1500 pg/mg creatinine, reflecting inadequate suppression of total body thromboxane biosynthesis. Group comparisons utilized nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U) for skewed variables and χ2 tests for categorical data. The influencing factors of ASA resistance were investigated through univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis, with multiple linear regression analysis being applied to model the Δ11dhTxB2 (post- vs. pre-administration difference). Compared to age-/sex-matched controls, diabetic patients exhibited significantly elevated metabolic-inflammatory markers (BMI, LDL-C, CysC, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR; all P < 0.01) and 60% higher baseline urinary 11dhTxB2 levels (2,324.58 vs. 1,452.51 pg/mg creatinine; P = 0.001), with persistent post-ASA disparity (1,205.31 vs. 1,058.02 pg/mg creatinine; P = 0.007). Biochemical aspirin resistance prevalence was 2.7-fold higher in diabetes (20.8% [11/53] vs. 7.6% [5/66]; P = 0.036). Univariate analysis linked Pre-11dhTxB2,higher BMI, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR to ASA resistance (all P < 0.05), though multivariable logistic regression showed nonsignificant trends. Logistic regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in baseline 11dhTxB2 was associated with a 0.2% increase in the odds of aspirin resistance. Multivariable linear regression identified systemic inflammation (hs-CRP: B = 2,147.6, P < 0.001) and higher BMI (BMI: B = 204.9, P = 0.021) were strongly associated with attenuated thromboxane suppression (Δ11dhTxB2). Patients with diabetes exhibit heightened thromboxane biosynthesis and a markedly elevated prevalence of biochemical aspirin resistance compared to healthy individuals, underscoring a prothrombotic phenotype linked to metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation. Higher BMI and systemic inflammation emerged as key factors associated with attenuated aspirin efficacy, suggesting platelet activation pathways beyond conventional COX-1 inhibition or involving non-platelet sources. Early identification of platelet hyperreactivity, coupled with targeted metabolic control and anti-inflammatory strategies, may refine personalized cardiovascular prevention in this high-risk population,while acknowledging that persistent urinary 11dhTxB2 elevation post-aspirin likely reflects significant non-platelet thromboxane generation.

Throughout history, student activism has been a powerful force in promoting social and political changes. During the process, schools—serving in part as an institution of social control—often become a site of contestation, where student activists may clash with the school authorities when mobilizing their peers and fighting for protest goals. Focusing on Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Bill Movement, which saw extensive participation among secondary school students, this article examines how secondary schools in a non-democratic context dealt with campus protests and how student activists negotiated space for dissent. Based on an on-site survey on student protesters and semi-structured interviews with teachers and student activists, we demonstrate how schools attempted to de-politicize the campus through spontaneously expanding their “hidden curriculum,” particularly by creating and repurposing school rules in the face of mounting student activism. In turn, progressive teachers and students developed innovative tactics to negotiate or circumvent these ad hoc school rules. Our findings contribute to the field of sociology of education and contentious politics by exploring the politics of school rules and the complex relationship between schools, teachers, and students during social movements.

Lithium metal is a promising anode for high-energy batteries due to its high capacity and low density. However, issues like dendrite growth and volume expansion limit its practical use. To address these challenges, three-dimensional (3D) copper foam current collectors with porous architectures and superior electrochemical properties have emerged as a research focus. Three-dimensional copper foam current collectors have emerged as a strategic solution, leveraging their porous architecture to regulate lithium nucleation, enhance mechanical stability, and maintain electrochemical equilibrium. Despite their potential, current implementations confront four key constraints: excessively large pore sizes, uneven surface current distribution (leading to non-uniform lithium deposition, dendrite growth, and dead lithium formation), poor lithiophilicity, and weak oxidation resistance. These factors hinder the long-term suppression of lithium dendrites and degrade the oxidation resistance of copper nanostructures. This review systematically examines recent advancements in 3D copper foam engineering through three principal modification approaches: metallic/alloy coatings, surface functionalization, and structural optimization. The advantages, limitations, and critical issues of these approaches are analyzed. Furthermore, the importance of 3D copper foam current collectors in advancing lithium metal batteries is elucidated, highlighting current achievements, areas for improvement, and potential applications. Finally, recommendations and future prospects for further optimization of 3D copper foam current collectors are proposed to achieve commercially viable lithium metal batteries.

Both antimuscarinics and beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists are generally used as first-line pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder (OAB). This study aimed to investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and manifestations between different medication groups using real-world data. In this retrospective study, we recruited all patients aged > 18 years diagnosed with OAB at our institute from March 2010 to December 2017. They were allocated into three groups, the antimuscarinics (group A), beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist (group B), and discontinued (group C) treatment groups, and they completed OAB symptom score and quality of life questionnaires before and after treatment. In addition, the Clinical Global Impression was recorded for treatment outcomes. A premedication urodynamic study was also applied. A total of 215 patients were analyzed (group A: 43, B: 35, C: 137). Group B was significantly older (mean age 77.4 years) than group A (69.2 years, p  = 0.012) and group C (68.6 years, p  = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in sex or underlying diseases among the groups. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the questionnaire results among all groups. The cystometric capacity of group A (mean ± SD, 257.3 ± 135.1 cm 3 ) was significantly larger than that of group B (125.8 ± 46.0 cm 3 , p  = 0.002) and group C (170.5 ± 99.2 cm 3 , p  = 0.001). After treatment, there were no significant differences between group A and group B in any of the questionnaire scores; however, their scores were better than those of group C. The OAB patients who adhered to antimuscarinics tended to be younger and have larger cystometric bladder capacity in the urodynamic study. However, there were no significant differences in effectiveness between the patients who took antimuscarinics and those who took a beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist.

Decentralized water treatment technologies, designed to align with the specific characteristics of the water source and the requirements of the user, are gaining prominence due to their cost and energy-saving advantages over traditional centralized systems. The application of chemical water treatment via heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes using peroxide (O–O) represents a potentially attractive treatment option. These processes serve to initiate redox processes at the solid-water interface. Nevertheless, the oxidation mechanism exemplified by the typical Fenton-like persulfate-based heterogeneous oxidation, in which electron transfer dominates, is almost universally accepted. Here, we present experimental results that challenge this view. At the solid-liquid interface, it is demonstrated that protons are thermodynamically coupled to electrons. In situ quantitative titration provides direct experimental evidence that the coupling ratio of protons to transferred electrons is almost 1:1. Comprehensive thermodynamic analyses further demonstrate that a net proton-coupled electron transfer occurs, with both protons and electrons entering the redox cycle. These findings will inform future developments in O–O activation technologies, enabling more efficient redox activity via the tight coupling of protons and electrons. Chemical water treatment through heterogeneous advanced oxidation offers promise for decentralized applications. Here, authors challenge the conventional electron-transfer mechanism of O–O activation, demonstrating that at solid-water interfaces, the process involves coupled proton-electron transfer rather than pure electron transport.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a high-risk disease in the middle-aged and elderly population. The ischemic heart may be further damaged after reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and other methods, namely, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI), which further affects revascularization and hinders patient rehabilitation. Therefore, the investigation of new therapies against MIRI has drawn great global attention. Within the long history of the prevention and treatment of MIRI, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly been recognized by the scientific community for its multi-component and multi-target effects. These multi-target effects provide a conspicuous advantage to the anti-MIRI of TCM to overcome the shortcomings of single-component drugs, thereby pointing toward a novel avenue for the treatment of MIRI. However, very few reviews have summarized the currently available anti-MIRI of TCM. Therefore, a systematic data mining of TCM for protecting against MIRI will certainly accelerate the processes of drug discovery and help to identify safe candidates with synergistic formulations. The present review aims to describe TCM-based research in MIRI treatment through electronic retrieval of articles, patents, and ethnopharmacology documents. This review reported the progress of research on the active ingredients, efficacy, and underlying mechanism of anti-MIRI in TCM and TCM formulas, provided scientific support to the clinical use of TCM in the treatment of MIRI, and revealed the corresponding clinical significance and development prospects of TCM in treating MIRI.

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a large family of transcription factors that are essential to physiology, metabolism, and development. However, the available information is limited about the gene family in , which is widely cultivated in China because of its high-quality and economic value. cultivars exhibit five natural color variations in their shoot sheaths, but the molecular mechanism behind this color diversity remains unclear. assembly was employed to obtain gene sequences. To identify pathways related to color formation, GO enrichment analysis was performed on the 44,255 functionally annotated unigenes. The transcriptomic analysis of yielded a total of 195,977 transcripts and 75,137 unigenes after removing redundancy. The enrichment results revealed that four pathways were most strongly associated with color formation. Phylogenetic, conserved motif, and protein-protein interaction analyses, along with qRT-PCR validation, confirmed 's role in red sheath color. This research not only deepens insights into the functional roles of genes but also lays the foundation for genetic improvement of bamboo species. We suggest that these findings will contribute to both scientific research and commercial bamboo cultivation through gene editing technology in the future.

Genomic selection (GS) is an option for plant domestication that offers high efficiency in improving genetics. However, GS is often not feasible for long-lived tree species with large and complex genomes. In this paper, we investigated UAV multispectral imagery in time series to evaluate genetic variation in tree growth and developed a new predictive approach that is independent of sequencing or pedigrees based on multispectral imagery plus vegetation indices (VIs) for slash pine. Results show that temporal factors have a strong influence on the h 2 of tree growth traits. High genetic correlations were found in most months, and genetic gain also showed a slight influence on the time series. Using a consistent ranking of family breeding values, optimal slash pine families were selected, obtaining a promising and reliable predictive ability based on multispectral+VIs (MV) alone or on the combination of pedigree and MV. The highest predictive value, ranging from 0.52 to 0.56, was found in July. The methods described in this paper provide new approaches for phenotypic selection (PS) using high-throughput multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, which could potentially be used to reduce the generation time for conifer species and increase the genetic granularity independent of sequencing or pedigrees.