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"Tong, Tong"
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Ergothioneine as a Natural Antioxidant Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases
L-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms, especially in edible mushrooms. EGT is found to be highly accumulated in tissues that are susceptible to oxidative damage, and it has attracted extensive attention due to its powerful antioxidant activity and the tight relationships of this natural product with various oxidative stress-related diseases. Herein, we 1) introduce the biological source and in vivo distribution of EGT; 2) review the currently available evidence concerning the relationships of EGT with diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases pathogenically associated with oxidative stress; 3) summarize the potential action mechanisms of EGT against these diseases; 4) discuss the advantages of EGT over other antioxidants; and 5) also propose several future research perspectives for EGT. These may help to promote the future application of this attractive natural antioxidant.
Journal Article
TGF-Beta as a Master Regulator of Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has been recognized as a key mediator of DN. However, anti-TGF-β treatment for DN remains controversial due to the diverse role of TGF-β1 in DN. Thus, understanding the regulatory role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of DN is the initial step towards the development of anti-TGF-β treatment for DN. In this review, we first discuss the diverse roles and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β in DN by focusing on the latent versus active TGF-β1, the TGF-β receptors, and the downstream individual Smad signaling molecules including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7. Then, we dissect the regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the development of DN by emphasizing Smad-dependent non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies for DN by targeting TGF-β signaling with various therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Journal Article
Investigative journalism, environmental problems and modernisation in China
\"Modernisation becomes a hegemonic ideology in Chinese society, while China faces enormous environmental problems. Investigative Journalism, Environmental Problems and Modernisation in China argues that investigative journalism has constructed a discourse of environmental risk that is in contrast with the discourse of modernisation encouraged by Chinese governments for over half a century. By constructing the discourse of environmental risk, investigative journalism exposes the true nature of modernisation on the one hand, and on the other hand, it reveals the connection between social and environmental injustice and inequality. The bifurcation between the two discourses reflects the rift between environment and modernisation as well as the divergence between people and the state. Investigative journalism demonstrates a counter-hegemonic force against the hegemonic discourse of modernisation to a certain extent. The book starts with an overview of the relationship between the emergence of environmental problems and China's modernisation and focuses on the agendas and practices of environmental investigative journalism, the discourse of environmental risk and the challenges and chances offered by the Internet\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A mechanistic investigation of the Li10GeP2S12|LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 interface stability in all-solid-state lithium batteries
All-solid-state batteries are intensively investigated, although their performance is not yet satisfactory for large-scale applications. In this context, the combination of Li
10
GeP
2
S
12
solid electrolyte and LiNi
1-x-y
Co
x
Mn
y
O
2
positive electrode active materials is considered promising despite the yet unsatisfactory battery performance induced by the thermodynamically unstable electrode|electrolyte interface. Here, we report electrochemical and spectrometric studies to monitor the interface evolution during cycling and understand the reactivity and degradation kinetics. We found that the Wagner-type model for diffusion-controlled reactions describes the degradation kinetics very well, suggesting that electronic transport limits the growth of the degradation layer formed at the electrode|electrolyte interface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the rate of interfacial degradation increases with the state of charge and the presence of two oxidation mechanisms at medium (3.7 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li <
E
< 4.2 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li) and high (
E
≥ 4.2 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li) potentials. A high state of charge (>80%) triggers the structural instability and oxygen release at the positive electrode and leads to more severe degradation.
Fundamental investigations at the electrode/electrolyte interface are essential for developing high-energy batteries. Here, the authors investigate the degradation mechanisms at the LGPS/NCM622 interface providing a quantitative model to interpret the interfacial resistance growth.
Journal Article
A village with my name : a family history of China's opening to the world
\"A Village with My Name offers a unique perspective on the transitions in China through the eyes of regular people who have witnessed such epochal events as the toppling of the Qing monarchy, Japan's occupation during World War II, exile of political prisoners to forced labor camps, mass death and famine during the Great Leap Forward, market reforms under Deng Xiaoping, and the dawn of the One Child Policy. Tong's story focuses on five members of his family, who each offer a specific window on a changing country\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Ferroptosis: Opportunities and Challenges in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It directly or indirectly affects the activity of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) under the induction of small molecules, causing membrane lipid peroxidation due to redox imbalances and excessive ROS accumulation, damaging the integrity of cell membranes. Ferroptosis is mainly characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, increased density of bilayer membranes, and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is an unavoidable risk event for acute myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis is closely associated with MIRI, and this relationship is discussed in detail here. This review systematically summarizes the process of ferroptosis and the latest research progress on the role of ferroptosis in MIRI to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.
Journal Article
High areal capacity, long cycle life 4 V ceramic all-solid-state Li-ion batteries enabled by chloride solid electrolytes
All-solid-state Li batteries (ASSBs) employing inorganic solid electrolytes offer improved safety and are exciting candidates for next-generation energy storage. Herein, we report a family of lithium mixed-metal chlorospinels, Li
2
In
x
Sc
0.666−
x
Cl
4
(0 ≤
x
≤ 0.666), with high ionic conductivity (up to 2.0 mS cm
−1
) owing to a highly disordered Li-ion distribution, and low electronic conductivity (4.7 × 10
−10
S cm
−1
), which are implemented for high-performance ASSBs. Owing to the excellent interfacial stability of the SE against uncoated high-voltage cathode materials, ASSBs utilizing LiCoO
2
or LiNi
0.85
Co
0.1
Mn
0.05
O
2
exhibit superior rate capability and long-term cycling (up to 4.8 V versus Li
+
/Li) compared to state-of-the-art ASSBs. In particular, the ASSB with LiNi
0.85
Co
0.1
Mn
0.05
O
2
exhibits a long life of >3,000 cycles with 80% capacity retention at room temperature. High cathode loadings are also demonstrated in ASSBs with stable capacity retention of >4 mAh cm
−2
(~190 mAh g
−1
).
Intensive research is underway to develop solid-state electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. Here the authors report a family of mixed-metal halospinel electrolytes that exhibits promising properties for high-performance solid-state batteries.
Journal Article