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Objective Intuitive eating is an eating behavior that has recently come to use mainly in the young population. Knowing that the Lebanese cultural diet differs from other countries, the purpose of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between self-esteem, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating in a sample of Lebanese adults using a Latent Profile Analysis approach. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Lebanese governorates. Participants 359 Lebanese participants enrolled in this study (mean age: 22.75 ± 7.04 years, 40.1% males), through convenience sampling in several Lebanese governorates. Participants were asked to fill anonymously the following scales: The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA), and the Motivation for Healthy Eating Scale (MHES). Results Our findings revealed four profiles: profile 1 ( n  = 67; 18.66%) characterized by high SE and intermediate interoceptive awareness and motivation for healthy eating; profile 2 ( n  = 86; 23.97%) presented high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; profile 3 ( n  = 86; 23.96%) characterized by high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; class 4 ( n  = 108; 30.08) described by low SE, intermediate interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating One-way analysis of variance did not observe a significant difference between the four profiles based on intuitive eating (F = 1.810; p  = 0.145; ɳp2 = 0.015). Conclusions Among a sample of Lebanese people, four profiles of interoceptive awareness, motivation for healthy eating, and self-esteem were observed, with no difference concerning intuitive eating.

Online data collection can reach large populations efficiently and cost-effectively. However, the increase in bots and scammers (ie, person- or software-based fraudulent completions) completing online surveys raises data integrity issues and wastes scarce research resources. This paper aims to describe case studies and experiences in which bot or scam completions of online surveys occurred within the health behavior field (specifically physical activity and nutrition). Lessons learned and a checklist of strategies to assist researchers before, during, and after data collection to reduce the incidence of and identify bot or scam completions are provided. Four diverse case studies are presented from studies that used online recruitment and data collection methods for cross-sectional surveys by parents about children's screen time, cross-sectional surveys by adults about transport-related physical activity, qualitative interviews for a proposed trauma-informed physical activity program for female victim-survivors of intimate partner violence, and the Australian component of a large multicountry prospective study targeting university students. The strategies used to identify and prevent bot or scam online survey completions are explored. High levels (7%-80%) of suspected bot or scam completions were identified in a number of these studies. Participant characteristics and outcome variables were significantly different between included and excluded participants (eg, excluded responses had a higher percentage of male parents and children, higher social media use, and lower physical activity guideline adherence). The learnings from these case studies and the wider literature are combined to create a checklist of strategies that researchers can use to prevent and identify bot or scam completions. These include strategies before data collection (when creating study collateral), during survey design and development (including the use of inbuilt platform functions and the design of the survey questions and structure), following data collection (indicators of potential bot or scam completions), and recommendations for reporting of bots or scams. The checklist, based on the included case studies and wider literature, can be used to help researchers who use online recruitment and data collection methods at each stage, from planning and conducting through to analyzing and reporting their findings. Researchers should include several steps to prevent and identify fraudulent survey responses when creating surveys and completing data cleaning. This checklist should also be considered in grant applications and ethics applications. This will provide greater confidence in the research findings and reduce unnecessary waste of research time and resources.

To evaluate the simultaneous moderating role of sleep duration and screen time in the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) according to children and adolescents' physical activity. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 3072 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years, 57.5% girls). Physical activity, sleep duration, and screen time were assessed through a self‐report questionnaire. The cMetS was determined by averaging the z‐scores of risk factors and dividing it by four. Moderation analyses were tested through multiple linear regression models. Among physically active individuals, sleep duration (p = 0.85) and screen time (p = 0.96) had no influence on the relationship between WC and cMetS. However, a positive interaction between WC x screen time and cMetS (p = 0.04) was observed for physically inactive participants. Concerning sleep duration, there was no interaction with WC. Participants who spent 60 min of screen time presented lower cMetS, even presenting high WC, compared to the higher tertiles of screen time (180 and 360 min). However, although the interaction between sleep duration and WC was not significant, it was observed that the lowest tertile of sleep duration (482 min) combined with 60 min of screen time presented lower cMetS even with the presence of high WC. Our findings encourage compliance with physical activity guidelines associated with the adoption of adequate screen time to minimize the influence of waist circumference on cMetS. Highlights Sleep duration and screen time influence adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in physically inactive children and adolescents; Meeting the PA guidelines seems crucial in preventing cardiometabolic risk factors; In inactive individuals, the screen has a deleterious effect on cardiometabolic health.

Introduction: Overweight children and adolescents are more susceptible to metabolic disorders. However, changes in lifestyle can prevent or delay the appearance of risk factors, highlighting the importance of intervening early in this population. Objective: To analyze the effects of a six months interdisciplinary intervention program on the indicators of insulin resistance and uric acid levels in overweight and obese students. Methods: This is an interventional study in overweight adolescents, composed of a control group (n=19) and an intervention group (n=20). The group participated in a six-month program with nutritional, psychological and physical exercise intervention, three times a week. The values of waist circumference, glucose, insulin, uric acid assessment and HOMA-IR index, were evaluated before and after the program. Results: After 6 months, the intervention group had a significant reduction in waist circumference (p=0.007), HOMA-IR index (p=0.048) and uric acid (p=0.036); the control group did not present differences in the pre and post evaluation. Conclusion: The intervention program was effective in reducing waist circumference, HOMA-IR and uric acid levels in overweight adolescents. Introdução: Crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso são mais suscetíveis a apresentarem disfunções metabólicas. No entanto, mudanças no estilo de vida podem prevenir ou retardar o surgimento de fatores de risco, destacando a importância de intervir precocemente nesta população. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de seis meses de um programa de intervenção interdisciplinar sobre os indicadores de resistência à insulina e os níveis de ácido úrico em escolares com sobrepeso e obesidade. Métodos: Estudo de intervenção, realizado com adolescentes com excesso de peso, composto por grupo controle (n=19) e grupo intervenção (n=20), que participou de programa de seis meses com intervenção nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos, três vezes por semana. Foi avaliada a circunferência da cintura (CC), realizada coleta sanguínea para avaliação da glicose, insulina e ácido úrico e calculado o índice HOMA-IR, antes e após o programa. Resultados: O grupo intervenção apresentou redução significante da circunferência da cintura (p=0,007), índice HOMA-IR (p=0,048) e ácido úrico (p=0,036), após os seis meses do programa; já o grupo controle não apresentou diferenças na pré e pós avaliação. Conclusão: O programa de intervenção mostrou-se eficiente na redução da circunferência da cintura, HOMA-IR e níveis de ácido úrico em adolescentes com excesso de peso.

AbstractThe scope of this study was to verify the association between different overweight and obesity parameters and the metabolic risk profile among school-age students. The randomized cross-sectional study included 1254 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17, from a city in southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of fat (PF), measured at the triceps and based on subscapular skinfold thickness, were used as the parameters to evaluate overweight/obesity status. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density protein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides were also measured. The metabolic risk profile was calculated based on the sum of the z score of the metabolic variables adjusted by age. A three-model Poisson analysis was used to verify the association between BMI, WC and PF with metabolic risk profile. BMI showed the highest probability for developing metabolic risk compared with WC (overweight - PR: 1.63 and obesity – PR: 3.87) and PF (overweight – PR: 1.62 and obesity – PR: 2.92). In conclusion, BMI seems to be a better parameter of overweight/obesity than WC and PF in the assessment of metabolic risk among youths. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar associação entre diferentes parâmetros de sobrepeso e obesidade com o perfil de risco metabólico em escolares. O estudo transversal randomizado incluiu 1.254 crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. O índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência da cintura (CC) e o percentual de gordura (PG), avaliado através das medidas das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular, foram usados como parâmetros para avaliar sobrepeso/obesidade. Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e triglicerídeos também foram mensurados. O perfil de risco metabólico foi calculado com base no somatório do escore z das variáveis metabólicas ajustadas por idade. Três modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utlizados para verificar a associação entre IMC, CC e PG com o perfil de risco metabólico. Os dados demostram que o IMC foi o parâmetro que apresentou a maior associação com o desenvolvimento de risco metabólico, em comparação com CC (sobrepeso - RP: 1,63 e obesidade - RP: 3,87) e PG (sobrepeso - RP: 1,62 e obesidade - RP: 2,92). Conclui-se que o IMC parece ser um melhor parâmetro de sobrepeso/obesidade do que CC e PG, na avaliação do risco metabólico em escolares.

The scope of this study was to verify the association between different overweight and obesity parameters and the metabolic risk profile among school-age students. The randomized cross-sectional study included 1254 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17, from a city in southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of fat (PF), measured at the triceps and based on subscapular skinfold thickness, were used as the parameters to evaluate overweight/obesity status. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density protein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides were also measured. The metabolic risk profile was calculated based on the sum of the z score of the metabolic variables adjusted by age. A three-model Poisson analysis was used to verify the association between BMI, WC and PF with metabolic risk profile. BMI showed the highest probability for developing metabolic risk compared with WC (overweight--PR: 1.63 and obesity--PR: 3.87) and PF (overweight--PR: 1.62 and obesity--PR: 2.92). In conclusion, BMI seems to be a better parameter of overweight/obesity than WC and PF in the assessment of metabolic risk among youths.

Introdução: Crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso são mais suscetíveis a apresentarem disfunções metabólicas. No entanto, mudanças no estilo de vida podem prevenir ou retardar o surgimento de fatores de risco, destacando a importância de intervir precocemente nesta população. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de seis meses de um programa de intervenção interdisciplinar sobre os indicadores de resistência à insulina e os níveis de ácido úrico em escolares com sobrepeso e obesidade. Métodos: Estudo de intervenção, realizado com adolescentes com excesso de peso, composto por grupo controle (n=19) e grupo intervenção (n=20), que participou de programa de seis meses com intervenção nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos, três vezes por semana. Foi avaliada a circunferência da cintura (CC), realizada coleta sanguínea para avaliação da glicose, insulina e ácido úrico e calculado o índice HOMA-IR, antes e após o programa. Resultados: O grupo intervenção apresentou redução significante da circunferência da cintura (p=0,007), índice HOMA-IR (p=0,048) e ácido úrico (p=0,036), após os seis meses do programa; já o grupo controle não apresentou diferenças na pré e pós avaliação. Conclusão: O programa de intervenção mostrou-se eficiente na redução da circunferência da cintura, HOMA-IR e níveis de ácido úrico em adolescentes com excesso de peso.