Explore the vast range of titles available.

The UN 2030 Agenda is the current reference point for achieving sustainable development at the international level. Focusing on the implementation effort and monitoring the progress of SDGs are crucial aspects for achieving the Goals by 2030. The evaluation and achievement of sustainability at the sub-national level is fundamental, as sustainable development is considered achievable if it originates on the local level. Given that, the objective of this research was to assess sustainable development related to the 2030 Agenda considering the 17 regions (autonomous communities) of Spain. The analysis was carried out through the Spatial Sustainability Assessment Model (SSAM), set up as a plug-in of QGIS, which integrates multi-criteria analysis with the geographical tool. The region datasets referred to years 2019 and 2020 to observe a comparison of pre and post-COVID framework and to assess possible changes due to pandemic impacts. Results showed that, both in 2019 and 2020, for the environmental dimension the majority of the regions obtained very low or low results, showing a generally scarce environmental situation. A general decline for the majority of the indices was observed and a decrease in sustainability from north to south was detected, both for the social and the global sustainability dimensions. The social dimension in most cases was the one marking the global ordination of the communities.

Environmental sustainability is a fundamental asset in the development of all agricultural policies within the European Union. However, its practical application is finding important incompatibilities between several of its objectives, such as the preservation of the landscape and action against climate change, through the exploitation of renewable energies systems. Indeed, Spain and its viticulture under PDOs are facing an exponential dilemma: the change in use of agricultural wine grape producing land to install solar panels for renewable energy generation. Therefore, this study aims to provide an assessment of the community where the Alicante PDO is based, on the environmental sustainability of its vineyards in view of the implementation of photovoltaic solar energy plants, and to identify an optimal and socially sustainable design. Online research techniques ensuring anonymity were used, achieving a valuation of the quality of the wine-growing landscape and its associated cultural heritage in the territory of the of Alicante PDO. However, as the importance of solar energy generation is also valued, the preferred alternative would be a limited combination of use and design to maintain the wine-growing landscape. These terms should be reflected by competent administrations when authorizing future installations in the Alicante PDO.

The PALB2 gene, also known as FANCN, forms a bond and co-localizes with BRCA2 in DNA repair. Germline mutations in PALB2 have been identified in approximately 1% of familial breast cancer and 3-4% of familial pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of PALB2 mutations in a population of BRCA1/BRCA2 negative breast cancer patients selected from either a personal or family history of pancreatic cancer. 132 non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast/ovarian cancer families with at least one pancreatic cancer case were included in the study. PALB2 mutational analysis was performed by direct sequencing of all coding exons and intron/exon boundaries, as well as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Two PALB2 truncating mutations, the c.1653T>A (p.Tyr551Stop) previously reported, and c.3362del (p.Gly1121ValfsX3) which is a novel frameshift mutation, were identified. Moreover, several PALB2 variants were detected; some of them were predicted as pathological by bioinformatic analysis. Considering truncating mutations, the prevalence rate of our population of BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer patients with pancreatic cancer is 1.5%. The prevalence rate of PALB2 mutations in non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast/ovarian cancer families, selected from either a personal or family pancreatic cancer history, is similar to that previously described for unselected breast/ovarian cancer families. Future research directed towards identifying other gene(s) involved in the development of breast/pancreatic cancer families is required.

It has been demonstrated that monoallelic PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of BRCA2) gene mutations predispose to familial breast cancer. Some of the families reported with germline PALB2 mutations presented male breast cancer as a characteristic clinical feature. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the contribution of germline PALB2 mutations in a set of 131 Spanish BRCA1/BRCA2 -negative breast/ovarian cancer families with at least one male breast cancer case. The analysis included direct sequencing of all coding exons and intron/exon boundaries as well as a Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification-based analysis of genomic rearrangements. For the first time we have identified a genomic rearrangement of PALB2 gene involving a large deletion from exon 7 to 11 in a breast cancer family. We have also identified several PALB2 variants, but no other obvious deleterious PALB2 mutation has been found. Thus, our study does not support an enrichment of PALB2 germline mutations in the subset of breast cancer families with male breast cancer cases. The identification of intronic and exonic variants indicates the necessity of assessing the implications of variants that do not lead to PALB2 truncation in the pathoghenicity of the PALB2 gene.

Human activities have a major impact on ecosystems, causing significant changes in the environment. Human activities can lead to a significant alteration and reduction in the variety of species. In the last few decades, there has been a shift in the sustainable approach to land planning and management. This article introduces a novel model for assessing land planning impact/capacity systematically, which takes into account the phytobiological value of a landscape and focuses on conserving and restoring endemic species. The land carrying capacity of a region was assessed for various land uses and potential future situations. The study took place in the province of Alicante (Spain), where the native plant Vella lucentina was discovered. Findings showed that only 34% of the proposed activities could be carried out without impacting endemism. There are only two possible activities that could be carried out without affecting endemism, namely scientific–cultural activities and the occasional harvesting of aromatic species. Simultaneously, four activities can be carried out carefully, which are maintaining current activities, restoring ecosystems, planting trees, and managing grazing. Finally, camping, extensive agriculture, and urbanization are three activities that are not compatible with the presence of endemism.

Identifying a BRCA mutation among families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer enables distinguishing those who may benefit from a specific medical management. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of predictive testing among close relatives of a proband in Spanish families with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, and to determine the associated demographic and clinical predictors. A retrospective cohort of families undergoing clinical genetic testing at four university hospitals in northeastern Spain was considered. From 108 unrelated BRCA1/2 families, 765 close relatives of probands were analyzed. Sixty percent of the first-degree and 28% of the second-degree relatives underwent predictive testing within a median time of 2 and 6 months, respectively, since the mutation disclosure to the proband. Relatives undergoing genetic testing were more likely to be female, first-degree, and belong to a family with a proband who had a high educational level. Relatives were also more likely to have offspring, a previous cancer diagnosis, and to be aged between 30 and 64 years. Among second-degree relatives, having a first-degree relative with cancer was highly correlated with uptake. In conclusion, uptake of BRCA1/2 predictive testing among close relatives was notably high and within a short period of time after disclosure of the mutation to the proband. Being female, a high educational level of the proband, and having a close relative with cancer were associated with uptake among relatives. Further studies are warranted to determine whether information is disseminated properly by probands and to learn about the reasons for those not undergoing testing.

Introduction: Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is a common procedure for preventing breast and ovarian cancer in high-risk women. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of subsequent breast cancer (BC) in a high-risk population and to identify clinical and epidemiological predictors of BC following BSO. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-three consecutive high-risk women, tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations due to family history, underwent preventive or therapeutic BSO at one of the study hospitals. One hundred and three patients had breast tissue at risk and were considered evaluable for the event-free survival analysis. Twenty-five women harbored a deleterious mutation in BRCA1 and 25 in BRCA2 genes. Results: Fifteen cases of invasive BC were diagnosed with a median interval of 49 months after BSO. Multivariate analysis showed that a prior BC after 50 years of age ( p = 0.004), age over 50 years at the time of BSO ( p = 0.005), and prior replacement or contraceptive hormonal treatment ( p = 0.007) were significantly associated with a shorter event-free survival. Conclusion: In conclusion, age at prior diagnosis of cancer, age at BSO and prior hormonal treatment may be predictors of breast cancer after BSO.

Humanity currently faces the great challenge of achieving a safe and sustainable future to give future generations the opportunity to experience the quality of life they deserve; all inside the development of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations that define the world we want with ensure that no one is left behind. This objective implies an inescapable commitment to sustainability, which only can achieved if during the training of our new generations they receive an environmental education that fosters a high environmental awareness in them. However, to achieve this, it is unavoidable that high school teachers must be aware of environmental conservation and sustainability, because then they will be proactive enough to generate that intergenerational commitment to sustainability. The article evaluates the degree of environmental awareness of high school teachers in a Spanish city in order to know what the real situation of their commitment to the environment is; doing differentiated analysis by sex, educational level, age and area of knowledge of arts or science. Furthermore, the article analyses the opinion about whether environmental education for sustainability is the key to change to develop commitment to the environment among the new generations of students and, in consequence, proposes improvement actions to achieve the objective of a safe and sustainable future for the next generations.

Human activities have a major impact on ecosystems, causing significant changes in the environment. Human activities can lead to a significant alteration and reduction in the variety of species. In the last few decades, there has been a shift in the sustainable approach to land planning and management. This article introduces a novel model for assessing land planning impact/capacity systematically, which takes into account the phytobiological value of a landscape and focuses on conserving and restoring endemic species. The land carrying capacity of a region was assessed for various land uses and potential future situations. The study took place in the province of Alicante (Spain), where the native plant Vella lucentina was discovered. Findings showed that only 34% of the proposed activities could be carried out without impacting endemism. There are only two possible activities that could be carried out without affecting endemism, namely scientific–cultural activities and the occasional harvesting of aromatic species. Simultaneously, four activities can be carried out carefully, which are maintaining current activities, restoring ecosystems, planting trees, and managing grazing. Finally, camping, extensive agriculture, and urbanization are three activities that are not compatible with the presence of endemism.

The objective of this paper is to analyze how the wine tourism product clubs work in Spain and their importance for Spanish wine tourism. A tourism product club is a product development partnership established and led by the tourism industry stakeholders including small- and/or medium-sized companies. The group pools its resources to develop new market-ready products or to increase the value of existing ones. Lodging companies, tour operators, administrators of tourism facilities, tourist associations, government, other companies of the sector and, even, nontourist companies can participate as members of a tourism product club. Following this model, wine tourism can contribute to create a wine tourism product club. In Spain the international promotion of tourist products is carried out through the Turespana website. The wine tourism product club, The Wine Routes of Spain, is one of the wine tourism product clubs developed by the Spanish government. It is an ambitious project that began in 2001. Nevertheless, other Spanish regions have created more wine tourism product clubs in order to develop their own wine tourism industry such as \"Divinum vitae - Where the pleasues are born\" created in Castilla-La Mancha in 2006.