Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background The CKD in PLHIV is highly prevalent in Jalisco. Despite its control with ART, HIV is characterized by generating low-grade inflammation events that contribute to the development and progression of CKD. Considering the importance of hs-CRP in the context of CKD, various genetic predisposition studies have been conducted to search for variants of the CRP gene, among which the SNV rs2808630 has been associated with serum hs-CRP concentrations and progression of CKD. Due to the above, there is interest in studying this SNV, addressing the limited information available on this topic in Mexico. Methods The case-control study included 163 patients with CKD, 102 PLHIV with CKD under ART with undetectable viral loads from the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde” and 115 controls. Clinical assessment and general laboratory studies were carried out. Also, serum quantification of inflammatory biomarkers was performed by ELISA method. The determination of CRP SNV rs2808630 by qPCR and the association with inflammatory biomarkers was evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out considering significant values p  < 0.05. Results Lower prevalence of CC genotype was shown in our population. Of the 358 samples, 221 (61.7%) present the wild-type genotype. The results analyzed correspond with what has been reported worldwide in studies of CRP SNV rs2808630 in the development of CKD without having a relationship with inflammatory and kidney function biomarkers. However, higher creatinine and IL-6 concentrations were observed in the group with the CC genotype. A significant correlation between IL-6 and eGFR was identified in CKD patients, but not for PLHIV with CKD, highlighting a potential difference in inflammatory dynamics between these groups. Importantly, in PLHIV with CKD, we found a strong correlation between hs-CRP and IL-8, suggesting a possible association with a higher proportion of the inflammatory isoform of hs-CRP, which may have implications for disease progression and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions The presence of the CRP SNV does not appear to contribute to the development of CKD and has no association with inflammatory biomarkers. Though, genetically independent manner, hs-CRP levels are slightly different between groups and are underrated when related to the CKD stage in PLHIV. Also, high IL-6 concentrations are related to CKD progression, while IL-8 seems to have a better relation to CKD in PLHIV.

Background: Zoonotic infection with Mycobacterium bovis continues to occur, particularly in regions lacking bovine tuberculosis surveillance and where the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, including artisanal cheeses, is common. We describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes of individuals with HIV with M. bovis infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing sociodemographic, clinical, microbiological, and computed tomography (CT) data, as well as treatment outcomes, in 12 patients with HIV with confirmed M. bovis infection. These findings were compared with those of 14 individuals with HIV diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during the same period. Results: Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products was significantly associated with M. bovis. Patients with M. bovis infection had higher CD4+ T-cell counts compared to those with M. tuberculosis infection (p = 0.01, r = 0.45). All M. bovis cases presented with extrapulmonary disease. CT imaging in M. bovis infection more frequently demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and splenic abscesses compared to M. tuberculosis infection. Microbiological identification was exclusively from extrapulmonary sites in all M. bovis cases. Surgical interventions, including abscess drainage or splenectomy, were significantly more common among M. bovis patients. Conclusions: M. bovis infection in individuals with HIV is characterized by consistent extrapulmonary, often abdominal, involvement. Surgical procedures are frequently required for both diagnosis and management. Targeted efforts to identify M. bovis are warranted, particularly in high-burden regions where unpasteurized dairy consumption remains prevalent.

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been linked to neurocognitive and behavioral dysregulation. We hypothesized that PLWH with active MA use (MAHIV) would show poorer cognitive performance, greater emotional and sleep burden, higher behavioral risk, and alterations in circulating biomarkers of immune activation and neuronal injury, relative to PLWH without MA use and HIV-negative Controls. Methods: Cross-sectional analytic study of 121 adults: PLWH with MA use (MAHIV, n = 40), PLWH without use (n = 42), and HIV-negative Controls (n = 39). Outcomes were ART discontinuation, physical activity, neurocognition (MoCA), depression (BDI), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep (PSQI), and substance use (ASSIST). Circulating biomarkers measured by ELISA: sCD14, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B, and neurofilament light chain (NfL). Results: MAHIV participants had more frequent ART discontinuation than PLWH and the lowest physical activity. Chemsex with polysubstance use, condomless sex, and multiple partners were most prevalent in MAHIV. This group showed the highest anxiety and depressive burdens, and the greatest sleep disturbances. Global cognition (MoCA) was lowest in MAHIV, with significant deficits in executive function, memory, attention, and language; 82.5% had at least mild cognitive impairment. sCD14 was significantly higher in MAHIV than in PLWH and Controls, and NSE was elevated in both MAHIV and PLWH versus Controls. sCD14 correlated inversely with MoCA and positively with GAD-7 and BDI-II. Conclusions: Among PLWH, MA use is associated with greater ART nonadherence, syndemic mental-health and sleep disturbances, broader neurocognitive deficits, and elevations in circulating sCD14 and NSE. The sCD14–cognition and sCD14–mood relationships highlight chronic immune activation as a candidate pathway for neurocognitive and affective impairment and support sCD14 and NSE as potential stratification and monitoring biomarkers in MA-using PLWH.

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficiencia de dos sistemas de filtración casera: LifeStraw family (FM) y Filtro de Olla Cerámica (FOC) en el tratamiento del agua para consumo humano bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio y en términos de remoción de Turbiedad y Métodos. Ambos sistemas se operaron durante 6 meses tratando diariamente 7,5 litros de sustrato sintético. La turbiedad del sustrato se ajustó con Caolín y la concentración de E. con la réplica de la cepa ATCC 95922. Los resultados obtenidos en términos de remoción de turbiedad y E.fueron evaluados con un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y considerando aspectos operativos y de mantenimiento. Resultados. La turbiedad del sustrato sintético presentó un promedio 32,3 ± 2,8 UNT y la concentración de 3,9 x10 5 UFC/100mL. Ambos sistemas de filtración disminuyeron la turbiedad a niveles menores de 2 UNT y lograron la inactivación del 100 % de. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la remoción de turbiedad siendo más eficiente el FM (99,2 % ± 0,4) que el FOC (97,6 % ± 1.14). Conclusiones. Los dos sistemas de filtración son adecuados para el tratamiento del agua a nivel casero, cumpliendo con la reglamentación Colombiana. El FM resultó más eficiente en remoción de turbiedad y tasa de filtración; Sin embargo, cuando se tienen en cuenta aspectos como aceptabilidad social operación, mantenimiento y vida útil, el filtro de olla cerámica parece más apropiado especialmente en áreas rurales.

Genomic DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that primarily occurs at CpG sites and is associated with the transcriptional repression of genes. This process plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which includes DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3L. DNMT1 is classified as a maintenance methyltransferase, whereas DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for de novo methylation. Altered expression of DNMTs has been reported in various human diseases, including cancer. Cancer remains a major global health issue, with an estimated 20 million new cases and 9.7 million deaths reported in 2022. Among women, cervical cancer (CC) ranks fourth in both incidence and mortality worldwide, with persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) being the primary risk factor. Several studies have demonstrated that DNMT expression and activity are upregulated in CC, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. HR-HPV infection appears to increase DNMT expression, thereby promoting cervical carcinogenesis through aberrant methylation and subsequent silencing of tumor-suppressor genes such as PTEN, PAX1, and TSLC1. Furthermore, DNMTs are being explored as therapeutic targets in CC. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art regarding DNMTs in cervical cancer and discuss their functional roles and potential utility as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.

Plasmatic uric acid (UA) has been inconsistently associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Specific sight-threatening stages of DR have not been studied for their association with UA. Cross-sectional, comparative study. Between 2014 and 2018 we recruited 210 Mexican individuals > 18 years-old with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Clinical, ophthalmological and biochemical assessment was performed with standardized funduscopic examination. Certified readers classified DR stages. The association between DR and UA was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis, calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI, after adjustment for covariates. Two hundred and ten patients were included, 41 (19.5%) had referable DR. Subjects with referable (severe or worse) DR had longer diabetes duration, 22 (15–28) vs 15 (8–20) years ( P  < 0.01); higher levels of UA, 6.5 (5.8–8.1) vs 5.4 (4.5–6.6) mg/dL ( P  < 0.01); higher systolic blood pressure, 130 (120–140) vs 120 (110–130) mmHg ( P  < 0.01); higher diastolic blood pressure, 78.4 ± 9.7 vs 75.4 ± 9.2 mmHg ( P  = 0.03); and lower glomerular filtration rate , 54.1 (41.5–69.6) vs 87.3 (66.8–108.3) mL/min/1.73m 2 ( P  < 0.01) compared with those without referable DR. With multiple logistic regression, after adjustment, per each unit of change (mg/dL) in UA the probability of having referable DR increased 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.12–1.87, P  < 0.01). When UA was evaluated as dichotomous variable, those with levels ≥ 7.8 mg/dL had almost two times (OR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.00–7.9., P  = 0.049) the probability of having referable DR compared with those with levels < 7.8 mg/dL. UA may contribute to the microvascular damage in retinal vessels and therefore hyperuricemia could be a therapeutic target to prevent DR progression.

Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2 have lower benefits with intensive treatments and metabolic control goals are more difficult to reach. Evaluate the effect of a comprehensive care program in patients with a BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Prospective cohort study. Comprehensive Care Center in a National Institute of Health. Patients with type 2 diabetes, ≤5 years of diagnosis, without disabling complications, nonsmokers, and a BMI <45 kg/m2. Exercise and nutritional interventions are modified for patients with a higher BMI to achieve metabolic control. Main outcome is achievement of treatment goals defined as HbA1c <7%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) <100 mg/dL, and blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg. Secondary measures were the percentage of patients achieving three metabolic goals. A total of 587 patients with annual evaluation were included. Mean age was 55.3 ± 9.5 years, 56.6% women, time since diagnosis of 1 year (0 to 5). BMI <35 kg/m2 group included 521 patients and BMI ≥35 kg/m2 group included 66 patients. In the BMI ≥35 kg/m2 group, we observed a greater decrease in weight and fat mass at 3 months compared with <35 kg/m2 group, but the HbA1c, LDL-c, or blood pressure goals were similar at 3 months and 1 year between groups. Comprehensive interventions are equally effective in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 compared with patients with a lower BMI.

Rhyacoglanis pulcher is a rare Neotropical rheophilic bumblebee catfish known only from the type locality in the Cis-Andean Amazon region, Ecuador, and the type-species of the genus. So far, the three syntypes collected in 1880 were the only specimens unambiguously associated to the name R . pulcher available in scientific collections. Recently, a specimen was discovered in a fast-flowing stretch of the Villano river, a tributary of the Curaray river, Napo river basin, Ecuador, representing a new record after nearly 140 years. Here, we present this new record, identified by morphology, provide the DNA barcode sequence of the specimen, and propose why the species of Rhyacoglanis are scarce in zoological collections. Additionally, we discuss the intraspecific variation in the color pattern observed in R . pulcher .

IntroductionTo assess the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary and comprehensive innovative diabetes care program (CAIPaDi) versus usual treatment in public health institutions.Research design and methodsUsing a cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared the CAIPaDi program versus usual treatment given in Mexican public health institutions. The analysis was based on the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, a validated simulation model used to estimate long-term clinical outcomes. Data were prospectively obtained from the CAIPaDi program and from public databases and published papers. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of life-years gained and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Health and economic outcomes were estimated from a public perspective and discounted at 5% per year over a 20-year horizon. Costs are reported in US dollars (US$) of 2019. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed using life-years gained and QALYs.ResultsThe CAIPaDi costs on average US$559 (95% CI: −$879 to −$239) less than the usual treatment (95% CI: −$879 to −$239) and produced a difference in mean life-years gained (0.48, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.52) and mean QALYs (1.43, 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.46). The cost-effectiveness ratio resulted in a saving per life-year gained of −US$1155 (95% CI: −$1962 to −$460). Mean differences in QALYs resulted in a saving per QALY of −US$735 (95% CI: −$1193 to −$305). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis proved the results are robust on both life-years gained and QALYs.ConclusionsCAIPaDi has a better cost-effectiveness ratio than the usual therapy in Mexican public health institutions.

Objective To evaluate under laboratory conditions, the removal efficiency of turbidity and E. coli of two household water filters: LifeStraw® family (MF) and ceramic pot filter (CPF). Methods The two systems were operated over 6 months using two identical control units per system, treating 7.5 L/d of a synthetic substrate used as raw water. The turbidity of the substrate was adjusted with Kaolinite and the E. coli concentration, with a replica of the ATCC 95922 strain. The differences of effluent quality of the systems, in terms of turbidity and E. coli, were evaluated with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Operative and maintenance aspects, that could limit or enhance the use of the systems, were also considered in the evaluation. Results The water synthetic substrate quality had an average of 32.2 ± 2.8 NTU for turbidity and 3,9x105 UFC/100 mL for E. coli. Both systems reduce the turbidity to values below 2 NTU with an inactivation of 100 % of E. coli. Statistical differences were found between the systems in terms of turbidity removal, MF being more efficient than the CPF (99,2 ± 0.4 % and 97.6 % ± 1.14, respectively). Conclusions Both systems are suitable for household water supply treatment, acheiving the water quality standards established by Colombian regulations. The MF was more efficient for suspended solids removal and filtration rate, but when economic, operative, and maintenance aspects along with social acceptability and lifespan are considered, the CPF seems more suitable, especially in rural areas.