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The end-Triassic extinction is characterized by major losses in both terrestrial and marine diversity, setting the stage for dinosaurs to dominate Earth for the next 136 million years. Despite the approximate coincidence between this extinction and flood basalt volcanism, existing geochronologic dates have insufficient resolution to confirm eruptive rates required to induce major climate perturbations. Here, we present new zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronologic constraints on the age and duration of flood basalt volcanism within the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This chronology demonstrates synchroneity between the earliest volcanism and extinction, tests and corroborates the existing astrochronologic time scale, and shows that the release of magma and associated atmospheric flux occurred in four pulses over about 600,000 years, indicating expansive volcanism even as the biologic recovery was under way.

The tourism industry necessitates comprehensive planning programs and forward-looking studies to ensure the successful and effective management of tourism resources. Although Algeria is endowed with an array of natural, historical, and civilizational tourism assets, its tourism strategies continue to be hindered by deficiencies in service quality, which have yet to meet the expectations of foreign tourists in particular. From this perspective, the research paper seeks to develop a visionary and future-oriented approach to harness and capitalize on Algeria's diverse and unique cultural heritage for the advancement of a heritage tourism industry.

Unquestionably, the classic CPI controller dominates the industry and has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement. because its setting remains intuitive and more practical. On the other hand, these disadvantages lie in the fact that most of them reach a compromise in terms of speed of response and stability. Even worse, such an approach becomes insufficient at the increasingly demanding speeds demanded by the industry. in this context the NLPI controller is currently presented as an alternative. With its simple tuning method and robustness to process parameter variations, it stands out as a valuable addition to the toolbox of control engineering specialists. This paper aims to provide a simulation-based study using a MAS controlled by IFOC, comparing the PI controller system to the NLPI controller system. The results will be in favor of the last one.

Intelligent controllers based on the fuzzy logic principle have shown their advantage in controlling nonlinear systems and have often demonstrated their robustness and performance less sensitive to parametric variations and disturbances than other types of controllers. In this paper, we confirm the superiority of artificial intelligence technology based on the technique called active disturbance rejection controller with fuzzy logic (ADRC-fuzzy) for asynchronous machine (MAS) control. The results of a series of simulations will be presented to show that the proposed technique has better performance compared to active disturbance rejection controller based on nonlinear function (ADRC-/ai). However, approaches based on techniques using artificial intelligence evolve impeccably.

Plastic waste recycling for the development of new building materials, such as cementitious composites, appears to be one of the best solutions to get rid of this type of waste. This operation has many economic and ecological advantages. The present study proposes some solutions for the recovery of plastic waste from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in order to obtain, after heat treatment at 290 °C followed by step cooling, a light composite material (PET-siliceous sand) with a hardness close to that of natural rock. The structure of the material obtained is characterized first; then the effect of this composite, with different substitution rates of natural aggregate, on the behavior of an industrial screed is studied. Afterwards, some specific recommendations for the uses of this screed, and possibly of the composite itself, are given. Although the main effects of certain polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of mortars are known, the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects are not yet well understood. Techniques such FTIR, XRD, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are analytical tools that can be used for the characterization and expertise of this type of composites, particularly the industrial composite screeds. Results from the present article enabled us to state that the composition of the materials obtained remains qualitatively unchanged and that no chemical interaction was observed between the mineral species and the waste PET lightweight aggregate (WPLA) or the composite itself; in fact, no new compounds were formed. In addition, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique allowed us to conclude that the addition of WPLA has an influence on cement hydration. The thermo-mechanical characterization of WPLA made it possible to observe an excellent arrangement between the PET and siliceous sand. Therefore, the development of WPLA may be another solution for a number of applications in the field of eco-materials for construction and building.

Plastic waste recycling for the development of new building materials, such as cementitious composites, appears to be one of the best solutions to get rid of this type of waste. This operation has many economic and ecological advantages. The present study proposes some solutions for the recovery of plastic waste from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in order to obtain, after heat treatment at 290 °C followed by step cooling, a light composite material (PET-siliceous sand) with a hardness close to that of natural rock. The structure of the material obtained is characterized first; then the effect of this composite, with different substitution rates of natural aggregate, on the behavior of an industrial screed is studied. Afterwards, some specific recommendations for the uses of this screed, and possibly of the composite itself, are given. Although the main effects of certain polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of mortars are known, the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects are not yet well understood. Techniques such FTIR, XRD, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are analytical tools that can be used for the characterization and expertise of this type of composites, particularly the industrial composite screeds. Results from the present article enabled us to state that the composition of the materials obtained remains qualitatively unchanged and that no chemical interaction was observed between the mineral species and the waste PET lightweight aggregate (WPLA) or the composite itself; in fact, no new compounds were formed. In addition, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique allowed us to conclude that the addition of WPLA has an influence on cement hydration. The thermo-mechanical characterization of WPLA made it possible to observe an excellent arrangement between the PET and siliceous sand. Therefore, the development of WPLA may be another solution for a number of applications in the field of eco-materials for construction and building.

The purpose of this article is to make a flood risk map of the Martil plain, which includes the two urban areas Tetouan and Martil. The realization of this map requires a hydrological study to calculate the maximum capacity of the region and a hydraulic study to determine the speed and height of the centennial flood of Oued Martil using the Iber 2.0.3 software. The results will be presented as thematic maps, using the Arcgis 9.3 software, which enable managers and local authorities to propose mitigation measures in areas expected to be affected by the floods and to act more efficiently in case of flooding. Thus, the study showed the prevalence of high flood hazard while the vulnerability is more moderate; indeed, it is increasingly felt with the growth known in the region in terms of urban planning and infrastructure.

In the Mediterranean region, the magnitude of floods and their frequencies imposes their consideration by forest managers and local decision makers. In this context, the identification of areas expected to be affected by floods is a fundamental information to improve the management of this risk. The methodology developed in this paper allows presenting a tool to assess flooding risk across the river basin. It is based on the idea that the risk of flooding is the resultant of the random factor (frequency of natural phenomena) and the vulnerability factor (sensitivity of land use). The purpose of this article is to make a flood risk map of the Oued Laou plain, which includes the two urban areas Oued Laou. The realization of this map requires a hydrological study to calculate the maximum capacity of the region and a hydraulic study to determine the speed and height of the centennial flood of Oued Laou using the Iber 2.0.3 software. The results will be presented as thematic maps, using the Arcgis 9.3 software, which enable to managers and local authorities to propose mitigation measures in areas expected to be affected by the floods and to act more efficiently in case of flooding. Thus, the study showed the prevalence of high flood hazard while the vulnerability is more moderate; indeed, it is increasingly felt with the growth known in the region in terms of urban planning and infrastructure.

The purpose of this article is to make a flood risk map of the Martil plain, which includes the two urban areas Tetouan and Martil. The realization of this map requires a hydrological study to calculate the maximum capacity of the region and a hydraulic study to determine the speed and height of the centennial flood of Oued Martil using the Iber 2.0.3 software. The results will be presented as thematic maps, using the Arcgis 9.3 software, which enable managers and local authorities to propose mitigation measures in areas expected to be affected by the floods and to act more efficiently in case of flooding. Thus, the study showed the prevalence of high flood hazard while the vulnerability is more moderate; indeed, it is increasingly felt with the growth known in the region in terms of urban planning and infrastructure.