Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background With their demanding schedules, surgical residents have limited time to practice techniques. The aim is to evaluate the pedagogic model of self-directed learning using video in surgery residents. Methods Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018 at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (University of Montreal). Participants were general surgery residents. There were 27 eligible residents; 22 completed the study. They were filmed performing an intestinal anastomosis on cadaveric pig bowel. The self-directed learning by video (SDL-V) group was given an expert video, which demonstrated the technique performed by an experienced surgeon. The control group continued with their regular duties. Three weeks later, participants performed a second filmed anastomosis. Two attending surgeons evaluated the residents’ filmed anastomosis using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scale. After their second anastomosis, all participants had access to the expert video and completed a survey. Results Score did not differ significantly between groups during the first (control: 23.6 (4.5) vs. SDL-V: 23.9 (4.5), p  = 0.99, presented as mean (SD)) or second filmed anastomosis procedure (control: 27.1 (3.9) vs. SDL-V: 29.6 (3.4) p  = 0.28). Both groups improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention (mean difference between the two anastomosis procedure with 95% CI for control: 3.5, [1.1; 5.9] and for SDL-V: 5.8, [3.4: 8.2]). Correlation between the evaluators for score was moderate (r = 0.6, 95% CI: [0.3: 0.8]). The pass/fail global evaluation exhibited poor inter-rater reliability (Kappa: 0.105, 95% CI: [− 0.2:0.4]). On the survey, all participants wanted more expert-made videos of specific surgical techniques. Conclusions Despite a higher final OSATS score for the intervention group, self-directed learning by video failed to produce a statistically significant difference on the overall OSATS scores between the two groups in this small cohort.

Evaluate the impact of deep neuromuscular blockade on intraoperative nociception Deep neuromuscular blockade has been shown to improve surgical conditions and postoperative outcomes compared to moderate neuromuscular blockade in laparoscopic surgery. Still, its impact on intraoperative nociception and opioid requirement has never been assessed. Monocentric randomised controlled trial. Operating room. We included 100 ASA I to III patients who underwent colorectal laparoscopic surgery with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia. Patients were randomised into two groups to achieve either moderate (1–3 train of four response) or deep (1–2 post-tetanic count) neuromuscular block (NMB) with repeated boluses of rocuronium. The Nociception Level (NOL) index guided intraoperative remifentanil administration in both groups. The primary endpoint was total intraoperative remifentanil administration per hour of surgery. Secondary endpoints included, Leiden Surgical Rating Scale (L-SRS), intra-abdominal pressure, postoperative pain scores and opioids' consumption. Ninety-three patients were analysed. Forty-five in the deep group and 48 patients in moderate group. Intraoperative administration of remifentanil was 348 (228–472) μg.h−1 in the deep NMB group compared to 494 (392–618) μg.h−1 in the moderate NMB group (P < 0.001). Lowest L-SRS was 5 (4–5) in the deep NMB group versus 3 (2–5) (P < 0.001) in the moderate NMB group. Mean intra-abdominal pressure was 11.9 (1.3) in the deep NMB group versus 13 (1.3) (P < 0.001) in the moderate NMB group. Secondary postoperative outcomes including pain scores and analgesics administration were not significantly different. This study shows that deep neuromuscular blockade reduces intraoperative NOL-guided administration of remifentanil in colorectal laparoscopic surgeries. It also improves surgical conditions. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT03910998. •Deep neuromuscular block NMB reduces NOL-guided remifentanil administration by 30 % during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.•Deep neuromuscular block improves surgical satisfaction and reduces intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery.•Postoperative outcomes including postoperative pain scores and opioids' consumption were similar between groups.

Introduction Restoration of intestinal continuity after Hartmann’s procedure is a technically difficult surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study presents the short-term results of a new approach: a transanal Hartmann’s colostomy reversal assisted by laparoscopy. Method This is a retrospective analysis of data collected in one tertiary hospital, from October 2013 to November 2015. Results During the study period, there were ten cases of transanal Hartmann’s reversal. Reasons for Hartmann’s procedure were: complicated diverticulitis (4), anastomotic leak (3), and recto-sigmoid cancer (3). Rectal stump length was 10.4 ± 4.5 cm. Reconstruction was achieved in all patients. One low colorectal anastomosis was hand-sewn, the other 9 were stapled. Mean operative time was 204 ± 65 min. Diverting loop ileostomies were created in five patients and all were closed during the following year. One case required hand-assistance but there was no conversion to open surgery. Iatrogenic laparoscopic enterotomies occurred in four patients and all were repaired primarily without consequences. Three patients had a total of four post-operative complications: ileus (2), abdominal abscess and wound infection (1). None required reoperation. Mean length of stay was 7.2 ± 4.3 days. One required readmission. Conclusion A transanal Hartmann’s reversal assisted by laparoscopy is a new approach for a difficult surgery. It has the potential to be an additional tool in the case of hostile pelvises or with a rectal stump difficult to identify. The surgery remains challenging and indications need to be clarified.

A cholecystoenteric fistula (CEF) is a rare complication of cholelithiasis with cholecystitis. Cholecystocolonic fistulas (CCFs) account for 8-26.5% of all CEFs. CCFs can cause colonic bleeding, obstruction or perforation, with such complications being mainly reported in the narrower sigmoid colon. Colonic biliary ileus, or obstruction due to the colonic gallstone impaction, is extremely rare in the proximal colon and its best management is yet to be elucidated. We present the case of a 73-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities and previous abdominal surgeries who presented with hematochezia and intestinal obstructive symptoms. Imaging revealed a giant 5 × 7 cm gallstone in the proximal transverse colon. Laparotomy and stone extraction via colotomy were performed. Complicated proximal colonic gallstones are exceedingly rare with several operative and non-operative treatments already described. A time-saving surgery in a patient with serious comorbidities is reasonable when compared to a more extensive procedure including enterolithotomy, cholecystecomy and fistula closure.

ObjectiveTo compare changes in microcirculation blood flow (MCBF) between pulsatile and continuous flow insufflation.Summary background dataTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) was developed to improve the quality of the resection in rectal cancer surgery. The AirSeal IFS® insufflator facilitates the pelvic dissection, although evidence on the effects that continuous flow insufflation has on MCBF is scarce.MethodsThirty-two pigs were randomly assigned to undergo a two-team TaTME procedure with continuous (n = 16) or pulsatile insufflation (n = 16). Each group was stratified according to two different pressure levels in both the abdominal and the transanal fields, 10 mmHg or 14 mmHg. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used.ResultsAt an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of 10 mmHg, continuous insufflation was associated with a significantly lower MCBF reduction in colon mucosa [13% (IQR 11;14) vs. 21% (IQR 17;24) at 60 min], colon serosa [14% (IQR 9.2;18) vs. 25% (IQR 22;30) at 60 min], jejunal mucosa [13% (IQR 11;14) vs. 20% (IQR 20;22) at 60 min], renal cortex [18% (IQR 15;20) vs. 26% (IQR 26;29) at 60 min], and renal medulla [15% (IQR 11;20) vs. 20% (IQR 19;21) at 90 min]. At an IAP of 14 mmHg, MCBF in colon mucosa decreased 23% (IQR 14;27) in the continuous group and 28% (IQR 26;31) in the pulsatile group (p = 0.034).ConclusionTaTME using continuous flow insufflation was associated with a lower MCBF reduction in colon mucosa and serosa, jejunal mucosa, renal cortex, and renal medulla compared to pulsatile insufflation.

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 continues to impact humanity on a global scale with rising total morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of several effective vaccines, new products are needed to supply ongoing demand and to fight variants. We report herein a pre-specified interim analysis of the phase 2 portion of a Phase 2/3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a coronavirus virus-like particle (CoVLP) vaccine candidate, produced in plants that displays the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, adjuvanted with AS03 (NCT04636697). A total of 753 participants were recruited between 25th November 2020 and 24th March 2021 into three groups: Healthy Adults (18–64 years: N = 306), Older Adults (≥65 years: N = 282) and Adults with Comorbidities (≥18 years: N = 165) and randomized 5:1 to receive two intramuscular doses of either vaccine (3.75 µg CoVLP/dose+AS03) or placebo, 21 days apart. This report presents safety, tolerability and immunogenicity data up to 6 months post-vaccination. The immune outcomes presented include neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres as measured by pseudovirion assay at days 21 and 42 as well as neutralizing antibody cross-reactivity to several variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1), up to 201 days post-immunization. Cellular (IFN-γ and IL-4 ELISpot) response data in day 21 and 42 peripheral blood are also presented. In this study, CoVLP+AS03 was well-tolerated and adverse events (AE) after each dose were generally mild to moderate and transient. Solicited AEs in Older Adults and Adults with Comorbidities were generally less frequent than in Healthy Adults and the reactogenicity was higher after the second dose. CoVLP+AS03 induced seroconversion in >35% of participants in each group after the first dose and in ~98% of participants, 21 days after the second dose. In all cohorts, 21-days after the second dose, NAb levels in sera against the vaccine strain were ~10-times those in a panel of convalescent sera. Cross-reactivity to Alpha, Beta and Delta variants was generally retained to day 201 (>80%) while cross-reactivity to the Gamma variant was reduced but still substantial at day 201 (73%). Cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant fell from 72% at day 42 to 20% at day 201. Almost all participants in all groups (>88%) had detectable cellular responses (IFN-γ, IL-4 or both) at 21 days after the second dose. A Th1-biased response was most evident after the first dose and was still present after the second dose. These data demonstrated that CoVLP+AS03 is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic, generating a durable (at least 6 months) immune response against different VOCs, in adults ≥18 years of age, with and without comorbidities.