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The mental health and wellbeing of nurses has been a concern, long before the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Working on the frontline under such challenging circumstances, for extended periods of time, has resulted in negative psychological responses. The current study aims to examine redeployed nurses’ resilience in acute hospitals in Ireland, during a period of adversity (pandemic). The impact on their personal and professional identity, and their perception of meaningful supports and coping will be explored. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out to gain insight into how nurses adapted to the changing work environment during the pandemic. Online semi-structured interviews were carried out with six experienced female nurses, who were redeployed to the frontline from their own roles. Three experiential themes representing the nurses’ journey were generated: Protection of Sacrificial Self; The Fortifying Effect of Us, and Critical Turning Points & Growth. Nurses made significant sacrifices and had to find ways to detach to cope. They revitalized themselves by creating a sense of ‘us’ to help them face a harsh climate against others, which enabled critical turning points and growth. This study has strongly highlighted the emotional effects on nurses due to feeling isolated, undervalued, and excluded during redeployment to the frontline. It has also featured how well redeployed nurses coped while faced with an existential crisis. It has given voice to all nurses who faced this pandemic, despite exposure to a risk of burnout and threats to their mental health and wellbeing. This study has further enriched our understanding of personal growth and trauma in adverse work conditions by including an exploration of what sacrificial commitment adds to our understanding of physical and moral courage. Future provision of supports for nurses must be ongoing both during and after crisis events.

Objectives: An assessment of dental students’ attitudes and perceptions towards smoking, and their role in smoking cessation, needs to be understood to develop an effective training program in smoking cessation counseling. The aim of the study was to understand attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of students towards their role in smoking cessation, to understand students’ self-reported requirements in relation to skills and knowledge prior to training, and to understand students’ self-reported learning from training. Materials and Methods: Dental students (n = 46) in clinical training at the Kuwait University’s Faculty of Dentistry participated in this study. Prior to the training on smoking cessation, an evaluation of the students’ attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge was conducted. The students also completed a pre- and post-classroom assessment technique (CAT). Descriptive analysis of the students’ attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge towards smoking and their role in smoking cessation was evaluated. A qualitative content analysis of the students’ responses to a CAT was conducted. Results: Ninety-eight percent of the students showed willingness to perform a brief smoking cessation intervention; 62% of the students perceived their role in smoking cessation as difficult; and 95% agreed that leaders in the profession expected them to engage in a smoking cessation intervention. Four categories from the pre-CAT responses were generated: how to influence; effective communication skills; bolster knowledge and understanding; and intrapersonal skills. Analysis of the post-CAT responses identified the following three categories: patient-centered communication; gaining self confidence in skills set; and support frameworks. Conclusions: Students need more client-centered skills and knowledge to bolster their confidence in cessation counseling.

Abstract Purpose Physical activity is a key factor in preventing dementia (Livingston et al., 2020) and reducing the risk of other non-communicable diseases (Ding et al., 2016). Almost 50% of middle-aged Irish people do not meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity; people still use functional walking limitedly and the car is a preferred means of transport (Healthy Ireland, 2019; National Household Travel Survey, 2022). The aim of this study was to capture perceptions of the barriers, facilitators and potential solutions to promote walking across different stakeholders, aiming to increase walking in middle-older age. Methods Perceptions were gathered across five distinct stakeholder groups (Walkers, Academics, Healthcare Professionals, Policy Makers, Charity/Community Groups) via recorded, semi-structured interviews (n = 42) and focus groups (n = 3). Results Results were analysed using thematic analysis. Stakeholders indicated that any intervention aimed to promote walking needs to be tailored to specific groups; any tool used (technology-based or not) needs to account for a spectrum of needs and motivations. Recreational and functional walking are perceived differently; functional walking, coinciding with city walking, is perceived as a loss of time by middle-aged people, older adults are more positive, although barriers are present. Recreational walking is perceived as health enhancing by all stakeholders, but with negative environmental impact by policy makers and advocates aiming at reducing carbon emissions. All stakeholders are open to technological solutions to address the issue of increasing health-enhancing and community-beneficial walking, but interactive solutions are needed. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the key barriers and facilitators to walking amongst middle-aged and older adults, which can help to inform tailored solutions that aim to promote walking. The findings also bear relevance to policy makers aiming to promote more sustainable communities, as they shed light on when, where and for whom walking is beneficial, and how people feel about the type of environment they walk in. Support/Funding Source This project is funded through the Science Foundation Ireland National Challenge Fund.

The mental health and wellbeing of nurses has been a concern, long before the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Working on the frontline under such challenging circumstances, for extended periods of time, has resulted in negative psychological responses. The current study aims to examine redeployed nurses' resilience in acute hospitals in Ireland, during a period of adversity (pandemic). The impact on their personal and professional identity, and their perception of meaningful supports and coping will be explored. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out to gain insight into how nurses adapted to the changing work environment during the pandemic. Online semi-structured interviews were carried out with six experienced female nurses, who were redeployed to the frontline from their own roles. Three experiential themes representing the nurses' journey were generated: Protection of Sacrificial Self; The Fortifying Effect of Us, and Critical Turning Points & Growth. Nurses made significant sacrifices and had to find ways to detach to cope. They revitalized themselves by creating a sense of 'us' to help them face a harsh climate against others, which enabled critical turning points and growth. This study has strongly highlighted the emotional effects on nurses due to feeling isolated, undervalued, and excluded during redeployment to the frontline. It has also featured how well redeployed nurses coped while faced with an existential crisis. It has given voice to all nurses who faced this pandemic, despite exposure to a risk of burnout and threats to their mental health and wellbeing. This study has further enriched our understanding of personal growth and trauma in adverse work conditions by including an exploration of what sacrificial commitment adds to our understanding of physical and moral courage. Future provision of supports for nurses must be ongoing both during and after crisis events.

The inclusion of the social, behavioural and bio-sciences is acknowledged as essential to the development of the art and science of nursing. Nonetheless, the literature highlights on-going debate about the content and delivery of these subject areas in undergraduate nursing education. The bio-sciences and social sciences in particular have received much attention but more recently the inclusion of psychology in nursing curricula is gaining momentum. Studies conducted on nursing students' views of these supporting sciences have also highlighted problems with their understanding, relevance and application to nursing practice. Although broad guidelines are given as to what should be included, no detail is given as to how much detail or at what level these subjects should be taught. Subsequently, approved institutions are responsible for their own course content. This has resulted in inconsistent and varied approaches to integrating the sciences in undergraduate nursing curricula. Following a recent review of the undergraduate nursing curriculum in one university in the Republic of Ireland a decision was made to combine the teaching, learning and assessment of Applied Psychology with Interpersonal Communication skills. This paper will describe the developmental process and evaluation of the integrated module.

Depression is known to mediate the association between low social support and parenting competence in adult mothers, but this relationship is rarely assessed in adolescent mothers and fathers. The primary aim of this study was to identify the association between social support, family functioning and social capital on parenting competence, including self-efficacy and satisfaction in adolescent mothers and their partners. Secondary aims included identifying potential partner effects (e.g. whether a partner’s social support influenced the respondent’s parenting efficacy). Data was obtained from a subset of participants from a longitudinal study of pregnant adolescent females and their partners. Couples completed individual structured interviews via audio computer-assisted self-interview during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. To measure the influence of support on parenting outcomes, multi-level modeling was used to assess the Actor–Partner Interdependence model, which examines responses from both members of a dyad in a single analysis. Greater social support was associated with increased parenting self-efficacy (B = 0.062, p  = 0.006) and parenting satisfaction (B = 0.111, p  < 0.001). Higher family functioning was also associated with greater parenting satisfaction (B = 0.05, p  = 0.035). Greater partner family functioning was associated with higher parenting satisfaction (B = 0.047, p  = 0.026). This study found the importance of a strong support structure during pregnancy on perceived parenting competence in the early postpartum period for young mothers and fathers. Both social support and family functioning during pregnancy were associated with a greater sense of parenting competence, and these associations were mediated by parental depression. The results of this study underscore the importance of providing social support for young expectant fathers as well as mothers.

Cholesterol is a critical component of cell membranes, and cellular cholesterol levels and distribution are tightly regulated in mammals. Recent evidence has revealed a critical role for pancreatic beta cell-specific cholesterol homeostasis in insulin secretion as well as in beta cell dysfunction in diabetes and the metabolic response to thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are antidiabetic drugs. The ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) has been shown to play a role in cholesterol efflux, but its role in beta cells is currently unknown. In other cell types, ABCG1 expression is downregulated in diabetes and upregulated by TZDs. Here we have demonstrated an intracellular role for ABCG1 in beta cells. Loss of ABCG1 expression impaired insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro, but it had no effect on cellular cholesterol content or efflux. Subcellular localization studies showed the bulk of ABCG1 protein to be present in insulin granules. Loss of ABCG1 led to altered granule morphology and reduced granule cholesterol levels. Administration of exogenous cholesterol restored granule morphology and cholesterol content and rescued insulin secretion in ABCG1-deficient islets. These findings suggest that ABCG1 acts primarily to regulate subcellular cholesterol distribution in mouse beta cells. Furthermore, islet ABCG1 expression was reduced in diabetic mice and restored by TZDs, implicating a role for regulation of islet ABCG1 expression in diabetes pathogenesis and treatment.

Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (ATOD) among adolescent and young adult couples during prenatal and postnatal periods is a significant public health problem, and couples may mutually influence each others' ATOD behaviors. The current study investigated romantic partner influences on ATOD among adolescent and young adult couples during pregnancy and postnatal periods. Participants were 296 young couples in the second or third trimester of pregnancy recruited from OBGYN clinics between July 2007 and February 2011. Participants completed questionnaires at prenatal, 6 months postnatal, and 12 months postnatal periods. Dyadic data analysis was conducted to assess the stability and interdependence of male and female ATOD over time. Male partner cigarette and marijuana use in the prenatal period significantly predicted female cigarette and marijuana use at 6 months postnatal (b = 0.14, P < 0.01; b = 0.11, P < 0.05, respectively). Male partner marijuana use at 6 months postnatal also significantly predicted female marijuana use at 12 months postnatal (b = 0.11, P < 0.05). Additionally, significant positive correlations were found for partner alcohol and marijuana at pre-pregnancy and 6 months postnatal, and partner cigarette use at pre-pregnancy, 6 months and 12 months postnatal. Partner ATOD among young fathers, particularly during the prenatal period, may play an important role in subsequent ATOD among young mothers during postnatal periods.

Background: Posterior glenoid labral injuries are more common in football players than in the general population. Arthroscopic repair with all-suture anchors has proven to be an effective technique to address other abnormalities, allowing for low-profile constructs that minimize damage to surrounding tissue. Few studies have examined the outcomes of posterior labral repair with all-suture anchors in football players. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that after labral repair with all-suture anchors, functional outcomes would improve, revision rates would be low, return-to-sport rates would be high, and clinical outcomes would be comparable with those seen after arthroscopic repair performed with traditional solid anchors among football players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors identified patients in the institution’s ongoing data repository who were football players when they underwent arthroscopic posterior glenoid labral repair using all-suture anchors. The authors collected baseline (preoperative) and follow-up demographic, clinical, surgical, and functional outcome data, with a minimum follow-up time of 2 years. Patient-reported outcome measures included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Results: The authors identified 52 male football athletes (mean age at surgery, 18.5 years) with both baseline and follow-up data (mean follow-up time, 3.8 years), with all competing at either the high school (n = 41 [79%]) or collegiate (n = 11 [21%]) level. Mean outcome scores improved significantly from baseline to follow-up for both the ASES score (baseline: 63.2; follow-up: 97.1) and the WOSI (baseline: 48.1; follow-up: 94.0). Overall, 37 of 52 (71%) returned to football at their preinjury level after surgery. However, only 38 of 52 athletes attempted to return to sport. Among athletes who attempted to return to sport, 97% (37/38) were able to return. There were no significant differences in follow-up ASES or WOSI scores between high school and collegiate athletes, between blocking and nonblocking positions, or between isolated posterior labral repair and combined labral repair. Conclusion: The results demonstrated excellent outcomes, including large and significant improvements in ASES and WOSI scores, in football players. While 29% did not return to football, 97% of those who attempted to return to play did so at their preinjury level. This study shows encouraging results for the use of all-suture anchors for posterior labral repair in this population of athletes.

CONTEXT: Little research exists about adolescents' and young adults' use of new media technologies to communicate about sexual health. Understanding how young people at high risk for STDs use these technologies can inform media-based interventions. METHODS: Between October 2010 and March 201 ha sample of 94 low-income, parenting adolescents and young adults recruited at clinics in Connecticut completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview about their use of media technologies, communication with friends about sexual health and willingness to use media technologies for such communication. Descriptive statistics were calculated; characteristics of those willing and those unwilling to communicate were compared in chi-square, t and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of participants had mobile phones; 71% used Facebook regularly. Participants discussed sexual health more often with close friends than with casual friends, and preferred to have such conversations in person (71 % with close friends and 68% with casual friends), over the phone (52% and 45%) or via text message (30% and 28%), rather than through social networking sites (0-9% and 2-7%). Fewer than one-third reported being willing to share sexual health information with friends through a specific new media technology. Those who were willing were predominantly black (59%); of those who were unwilling, 51 % were Latino. Condom self-efficacy, STD knowledge and number of Facebook friends were greater among those who were willing than among those who were unwilling. CONCLUSIONS: For conversations about sexual health, young urban parents prefer private forms of communication; thus, social networking sites may not aid STD interventions.