Explore the vast range of titles available.

Hydrogen has the highest gravimetric energy density of any energy carrier and produces water as the only oxidation product, making it extremely attractive for both transportation and stationary power applications. However, its low volumetric energy density causes considerable difficulties, inspiring intense efforts to develop chemical-based storage using metal hydrides, liquid organic hydrogen carriers and sorbents. The controlled uptake and release of hydrogen by these materials can be described as a series of challenges: optimal properties fall within a narrow range, can only be found in few materials and often involve important trade-offs. In addition, a greater understanding of the complex kinetics, mass transport and microstructural phenomena associated with hydrogen uptake and release is needed. The goal of this Perspective is to delineate potential use cases, define key challenges and show that solutions will involve a nexus of several subdisciplines of chemistry, including catalysis, data science, nanoscience, interfacial phenomena and dynamic or phase-change materials. Hydrogen, which possesses the highest gravimetric energy density of any energy carrier, is attractive for both mobile and stationary power, but its low volumetric energy density poses major storage and transport challenges. This Perspective delineates potential use cases and defines the challenges facing the development of materials for efficient hydrogen storage.

We examined the effects of concentrations and identities of various glymes, from monoglyme up to tetraglyme, on H2 release from the thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 at 160–200 °C for 8 h. 11B NMR analysis shows major products of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12); however, their relative ratio is highly dependent both on the identity and concentration of the glyme to Mg(BH4)2. Selective formation of Mg(B10H10) was observed with an equivalent of monoglyme and 0.25 equivalent of tetraglyme. However, thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 in the presence of stoichiometric or greater equivalent of glymes can lead to unselective formation of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12) products or inhibition of H2 release.

A Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) enables the storage and transport of hydrogen at ambient pressures and temperatures in a safe and convenient form using current infrastructure. However, it is challenging to directly compare reactivity and selectivity for hydrogen release, especially when comparing the catalytic efficiencies of neat LOHCs to highly diluted LOHCs in different solvents, reaction conditions, and catalysts. This work evaluates the role of solvents in catalysis and quantifies the energy efficiency of the overall process. The presence of solvent dilutes the volumetric density of available hydrogen, but may be necessary to achieve optimal catalysts stability, reactivity, and product selectivity. With respect to the reaction conditions as determined by thermodynamics, solvents with higher vapor pressures than that of the carrier can cause the erroneous impression of a more favorable reaction equilibrium. Concerning energy efficiency, solvents can result in increased energy demand for hydrogen release as the inert solvent must be heated to reaction temperatures required for release of H 2 from the LOHC. This work recommends that investigations of catalyst reactivity should be carried out at different ratios of solvent to LOHC to understand how the reactivity changes and what the implications are for maximizing energy density and catalyst stability and reactivity. Investigations should also consider how these implications will affect the technical needs of applications intended for the LOHC system. Based on the results of this study, it is advised to focus research activities on LOHC systems with a gravimetric solvent content below about 50% as the thermodynamic disadvantages become very pronounced beyond this threshold.

The synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and mechanism of formation for neutral four-coordinate vanadium(V)-nitrido complexes are presented. The vanadium center is supported by a dianionic ligand set featuring a monoanionic nacnac (nacnac = [ArNC(CH3)]2CH–, Ar = 2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3)] and –N(Ar')tol (Ar' = 4-Me-C6H3 (tol), 2,4,6-C 6H2 [Mes]) or –ODiiP ligand (ODiiP = 2,6-iPr-C6H3). Thermolysis of [(nacnac)V(N 3)(Ntol2)] (7) (S = 1) and [(nacnac)V(μ-1,3-N 3)(ODiiP)]2 (8) in solution rendered clean conversion to the corresponding terminal vanadium(V)-nitrido species (S = 0). All nitride complexes have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 51V, 15 N), FT-IR, combustion analysis and in most instances single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Activation parameters (ΔH ‡ = 18.4(4) kcal/mol, ΔS‡ = -29(5) eu) obtained from variable temperature (60-100 °C) kinetic measurements by UV-Vis spectroscopy suggests a highly ordered transition state most likely via formation of a bimetallic vanadium species bridged by the azide ligands prior dinitrogen extrusion to the nitride product. The combination of variable temperature solution kinetics and double-cross over labelled experiments support the formation of a bimetallic pathway. Moreover, SQUID and HFEPR measurement revealed that the dimeric azide complex 8 has a triplet ground state and can access the electronic states S = 0 and S = 2, therefore allowing a technically spin-forbidden reaction (triplet to singlet) to proceed. Furthermore, experimental observation also corroborates the difference in reactivity of a monomeric versus dimeric azide complex, in which the dimeric azide species readily render the nitride product. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate the uncanny ability of an early transition metal d0 nitrido species to undergo N-atom transfer chemistry with carbon monoxide and substrates such as secondary silane and elemental sulfur with concomitant 2e– reduction from V(V) to V(III).

Background Targeted therapies in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have reportedly been associated with better quality of life (QoL). Previous studies have revealed uncontrolled sources of biases or confounders that could distort this association. Given the lack of robust evidence and causal inference, we aimed to investigate the effects of targeted therapy-added regimens versus cytotoxic therapy (CyT) on QoL and components of QoL in patients with mCRC eligible for curative-intent treatment. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on adults undergoing curative-intent mCRC treatment with survival prognosis of ≥ 1 year. The exposure was either CyT alone (including CAPEOX, mFOLFOX-6, mFOLFOX-7, FOLFIRI, and FOLFOXIRI) or CyT combined with targeted therapy (Cy-TaT, including CAPEOX-TaT, mFOLFOX-6-TaT, mFOLFOX-7-TaT, FOLFIRI-TaT, and FOLFOXIRI-TaT). Available targeted therapies included bevacizumab and regorafenib. The primary outcome was overall health and QoL (H/QoL), measured at month 12 using the EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status/QoL scale (in percentage point) and the EQ-5D-3L utility score. The secondary outcomes included each component of the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scales and symptom scales/items (in percentage point), measured at month 12. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using g-estimation. Results During 12 months of follow-up, among 1143 participants (mean age 58.1, 39.4% being female, 623 in CyT group and 520 in Cy-TaT group), overall H/QoL was higher in those receiving Cy-TaT (EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status/QoL scale: MD 16.6, 95% CI 14.8 to 18.4, p  < 0.001 [largest effect in CAPEOX-TaT versus CAPEOX: MD 18.7, 95% CI 15.2 to 22.2]; EQ-5D-3L utility score: MD 0.076, 95% CI 0.060 to 0.091 [largest effect in mFOLFOX-7-TaT versus mFOLFOX-7: MD 0.123, 95% CI 0.085 to 0.161]). For the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scales and most areas of the symptom scales/items, treatment with Cy-TaT was also associated with better outcomes than with CyT, except for a contradictory association in financial difficulties. Symptoms with consistently large improvements from Cy-TaT were fatigue (MD 13.8, 95% CI 11.7 to 15.9), dyspnoea (MD 10.9, 95% CI 8.8 to 12.9), and insomnia (MD 13.0, 95% CI 10.2 to 15.7). Conclusion Compared with those on CyT alone, patients with mCRC receiving Cy-TaT showed improved overall H/QoL, functional scales, and symptom scales/items. These benefits were consistent across most subgroups of chemotherapy, with the greatest improvements in H/QoL observed in the CAPEOX-TaT and mFOLFOX-7-TaT groups.

This randomized trial in 383 children in Vietnam who had moderately severe dengue shock syndrome compared the use of Ringer's lactate, 6 percent dextran 70, and 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch after initial resuscitation with colloid. The primary clinical outcomes were similar with the three solutions. The trial provides strong evidence that in moderately severe dengue shock syndrome the outcomes are as good with the use of Ringer's lactate as with either of the more expensive colloid solutions. This trial provides strong evidence that in moderately severe dengue shock syndrome the outcomes are as good with Ringer's lactate as with either of the more expensive colloid solutions. Dengue shock syndrome is the most serious manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever, a relatively new disease entity that has spread progressively throughout Asia and South America since its first appearance in Bangkok, Thailand, in the 1950s. 1 Dengue hemorrhagic fever is characterized by systemic vascular leakage and disordered hemostasis and may develop after infection with any of four dengue viral serotypes. 2 , 3 Between 250,000 and 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, mainly in children, are reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) annually, with mortality rates of 1 to 5 percent among patients with shock. 1 , 4 The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the . . .

Health research requires high-quality data, and population-based health research comes with specific opportunities and challenges for data collection. Electronic data capture can mitigate some of the challenges of working with large populations in multiple, sometimes difficult-to-reach, locations. This viewpoint paper aims to describe experiences during the implementation of two mixed methods studies in Vietnam, Nepal, and Indonesia, focusing on understanding lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic across 3 countries and understanding knowledge and behaviors related to antibiotic use in Vietnam. We present the opportunities, challenges, and solutions arising through using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) for designing, collecting, and managing data. Electronic data capture using REDCap made it possible to collect data from large populations in different settings. Challenges related to working in multiple languages, unstable internet connections, and complex questionnaires with nested forms. Some data collectors lacked the digital skills to comfortably use REDCap. To overcome these challenges, we included regular team meetings, training, supervision, and automated error-checking procedures. The main types of errors that remained were incomplete and duplicate records due to disruption during data collection. However, with immediate access to data, we were able to identify and troubleshoot these problems quickly, while data collection was still in progress. By detailing our lessons learned—such as the importance of iterative testing, regular intersite meetings, and customized modifications—we provide a roadmap for future projects to boost productivity, enhance data quality, and effectively conduct large-scale population-based research. Our suggestions will be beneficial for research teams working with electronic data capture for population-based data.

The objective of this study was to determine whether hatha yoga is an efficacious adjunctive intervention for individuals with continued depressive symptoms despite antidepressant treatment. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of weekly yoga classes (n = 63) v. health education classes (Healthy Living Workshop; HLW; n = 59) in individuals with elevated depression symptoms and antidepressant medication use. HLW served as an attention-control group. The intervention period was 10 weeks, with follow-up assessments 3 and 6 months afterwards. The primary outcome was depression symptom severity assessed by blind rater at 10 weeks. Secondary outcomes included depression symptoms over the entire intervention and follow-up periods, social and role functioning, general health perceptions, pain, and physical functioning. At 10 weeks, we did not find a statistically significant difference between groups in depression symptoms (b = -0.82, s.e. = 0.88, p = 0.36). However, over the entire intervention and follow-up period, when controlling for baseline, yoga participants showed lower levels of depression than HLW participants (b = -1.38, s.e. = 0.57, p = 0.02). At 6-month follow-up, 51% of yoga participants demonstrated a response (⩾50% reduction in depression symptoms) compared with 31% of HLW participants (odds ratio = 2.31; p = 0.04). Yoga participants showed significantly better social and role functioning and general health perceptions over time. Although we did not see a difference in depression symptoms at the end of the intervention period, yoga participants showed fewer depression symptoms over the entire follow-up period. Benefits of yoga may accumulate over time.