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Heterobimetallic complexes of an ambidentate deferiprone derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(3-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one (PyPropHpH), incorporating an octahedral [Co(4N)]3+ (4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa)) and a half-sandwich type [(η6-p-cym)Ru]2+ (p-cym = p-cymene) entity have been synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. The reaction between PyPropHpH and [Co(4N)Cl]Cl2 resulted in the exclusive (O,O) coordination of the ligand to Co(III) yielding [Co(tren)PyPropHp](PF6)2 (1) and [Co(tpa)PyPropHp](PF6)2 (2). This binding mode was further supported by the molecular structure of [Co(tpa)PyPropHp]2(ClO4)3(OH)·6H2O (5) and [Co(tren)PyPropHpH]Cl(PF6)2·2H2O·C2H5OH (6), respectively, obtained via the slow evaporation of the appropriate reaction mixtures and analyzed using X-ray crystallography. Subsequent treatment of 1 or 2 with [Ru(η6-p-cym)Cl2]2 in a one-pot reaction afforded the corresponding heterobimetallic complexes, [Co(tren)PyPropHp(η6-p-cym)RuCl](PF6)3 (3) and [Co(tpa)PyPropHp(η6-p-cym)RuCl](PF6)3 (4), in which the piano-stool Ru core is coordinated by the (N,N) chelating set of the ligand. Cyclic voltammetric measurements revealed that the tpa complexes can be reduced at less negative potentials, suggesting their capability to be bioreductively activated under hypoxia (1% O2). Hypoxia activation of 2 and 4 was demonstrated by cytotoxicity studies on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. PyPropHpH was shown to be a typical iron-chelating anticancer agent, raising the mRNA levels of TfR1, Ndrg1 and p21. Further qRT-PCR studies provided unambiguous evidence for the bioreduction of 2 after 72 h incubation under hypoxia, in which the characteristic gene induction profile caused by the liberated iron-sequestering PyPropHpH was observed.

Heterobimetallic complexes of an ambidentate deferiprone derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(3-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one (PyPropHpH), incorporating an octahedral [Co(4N)][sup.3+] (4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa)) and a half-sandwich type [(η[sup.6]-p-cym)Ru][sup.2+] (p-cym = p-cymene) entity have been synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. The reaction between PyPropHpH and [Co(4N)Cl]Cl[sub.2] resulted in the exclusive (O,O) coordination of the ligand to Co(III) yielding [Co(tren)PyPropHp](PF[sub.6])[sub.2] (1) and [Co(tpa)PyPropHp](PF[sub.6])[sub.2] (2). This binding mode was further supported by the molecular structure of [Co(tpa)PyPropHp][sub.2](ClO[sub.4])[sub.3](OH)·6H[sub.2]O (5) and [Co(tren)PyPropHpH]Cl(PF[sub.6])[sub.2]·2H[sub.2]O·C[sub.2]H[sub.5]OH (6), respectively, obtained via the slow evaporation of the appropriate reaction mixtures and analyzed using X-ray crystallography. Subsequent treatment of 1 or 2 with [Ru(η[sup.6]-p-cym)Cl[sub.2]][sub.2] in a one-pot reaction afforded the corresponding heterobimetallic complexes, [Co(tren)PyPropHp(η[sup.6]-p-cym)RuCl](PF[sub.6])[sub.3] (3) and [Co(tpa)PyPropHp(η[sup.6]-p-cym)RuCl](PF[sub.6])[sub.3] (4), in which the piano-stool Ru core is coordinated by the (N,N) chelating set of the ligand. Cyclic voltammetric measurements revealed that the tpa complexes can be reduced at less negative potentials, suggesting their capability to be bioreductively activated under hypoxia (1% O[sub.2]). Hypoxia activation of 2 and 4 was demonstrated by cytotoxicity studies on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. PyPropHpH was shown to be a typical iron-chelating anticancer agent, raising the mRNA levels of TfR1, Ndrg1 and p21. Further qRT-PCR studies provided unambiguous evidence for the bioreduction of 2 after 72 h incubation under hypoxia, in which the characteristic gene induction profile caused by the liberated iron-sequestering PyPropHpH was observed.

We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection. Viral evolution and its potential consequences should be closely monitored.

One of the common problems in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) micropropagation is the vitrification phenomenon (succulent plantlets, brittle stems, yellow leaves, etc.) leading to the reduction of plantlets quality and low survival rate in the greenhouse. In this study, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on explant disinfection, in vitro growth (shoot multiplication, and root formation), runner formation as well as ethylene accumulation during micropropagation of strawberry were investigated. The results showed that leaf explants treated with 200 mg/L AgNPs solution for 20 min was more effective in explant disinfection and shoot regeneration than using 1 g/L HgCl2. In addition, AgNPs stimulated the growth of shoot and plantlet and as well shortened the duration of root formation (4 days) as compared to those in control without AgNPs during micropropagation. Besides, AgNPs reduced the ethylene gas accumulation in the culture’s vessels of shoots (0.66 ppm) and plants (0.06 ppm) compared to controls (1.77 ppm; 0.15 ppm; respectively). Moreover, AgNPs combination with culture period (5; 10 or 15 days) effect root formation stage and acclimatization in the greenhouse. The plantlets that cultured on MS medium supplemethed with 0.5 mg/L AgNPs during 10 days showed higher survival rate (93.33%) after 15 days as well as runner formation per plant (8.00 runners) after 60 days in greenhouse than those in control.Key messageAgNPs improved explant disinfection and in vitro growth. AgNPs improved runner formation in the greenhouse. AgNPs limited ethylene accumulation during micropropagation.

This study aimed to measure the preferences for mental health support among health professionals, their willingness to support the mental health of colleagues and associated factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2022 within five hospitals located in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 244 health professionals participated in the study. Data on socio-economic status, health and COVID-19-related characteristics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21); and preferences for mental health support services were collected by using a structured self-reported questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to identify associated factors with the demand for mental support services. 13.9%, 17.1% and 8.6% reported having at least mild depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. There 13.9% did not seek any mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common support included talking with friends (52.9%), family (50.8%), colleagues (47.6%) and using social networks/Internet (43.5%). There 31.1% had been aware of mental health services, but only 18.0% used this service at least once. Regarding preferences, 47.3% had a demand for mental support services, and the most preferred service was providing coping skills (25.9%), followed by skills to support others against mental problems (22.2%). Major sources of support included psychiatrists (34.4%), colleagues (29.1%) and family (27.9%). The main preferred channels for support included telephone/mobile phone (35.7%) and Internet (20.9%). Only 12.3% were willing to provide mental support for colleagues during the pandemic. Age, education, perceived mental health status, ever seeking any mental service, and DASS-21 depression score were associated with demand for mental support services. This study found a lack of awareness of mental health services for health professionals, as well as moderate levels of demand for this service in this population. Raising awareness and developing tailored mental health support services are important to enhancing the mental well-being of health professionals in Vietnam to prepare for the next pandemic.

Background Breast cancer (BC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Liquid biopsy based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a promising noninvasive approach for early detection; however, differentiating malignant tumors from benign abnormalities remains a significant challenge. Results Here, we developed a multimodal approach to analyze cfDNA methylation and fragmentomic patterns in 273 BC patients, 108 individuals with benign breast conditions, and 134 healthy controls. Genome-wide analyses revealed distinct cfDNA copy number alterations and cytosine-enriched cleavage sites in BC patients. Targeted sequencing further revealed unique methylation patterns, including hypermethylation in GPR126 , KLF3 , and TLR10 and hypomethylation in TOP1 and MAFB . Our machine-learning model achieved an AUC of 0.90, with 93.6% specificity and 62.1–66.3% sensitivity for stage I–II cancers. In symptomatic populations, sensitivities were 50.0%, 68.2%, and 64.7% for BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5, respectively, with 96.1% specificity. Conclusions These findings underscore the potential of cfDNA biomarkers to enhance BC detection and reduce the rate of unnecessary biopsies.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major causative agent of genital warts and various anogenital cancers. In Vietnam, limited data exists on HPV genotype prevalence and distribution. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV types among patients with genital warts in Can Tho City and to explore their associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Can Tho Dermatology Hospital with 109 patients diagnosed with genital warts. HPV genotyping was performed using real-time PCR and reverse dot blot hybridization to detect both the low- and high-risk HPV types. Associations between HPV types and variables such as age, sex, and lesion site were analyzed statistically. Results HPV was detected in 89% of the patients. The low-risk types HPV11 (50.5%) and HPV6 (47.4%) were the most common. The high-risk types, HPV51 (30.9%) and HPV52 (20.6%), were frequent, especially in females (83.6% vs. 63.3% in males, p  = 0.030). Co-infections occurred in 71.6% of females and 60% of males. Lesion location correlated with HPV type distribution. Conclusions The high prevalence of both low- and high-risk HPV types highlights the need for enhanced vaccination coverage and continued HPV surveillance. These findings provide critical data for developing HPV prevention strategies in Vietnam.

Perturbations in the gut microbiome have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), with the colonic overabundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum shown as the most consistent marker. Despite its significance in the promotion of CRC, genomic studies of Fusobacterium is limited. We enrolled 43 Vietnamese CRC patients and 25 participants with non-cancerous colorectal polyps to study the colonic microbiomes and genomic diversity of Fusobacterium in this population, using a combination of 16S rRNA gene profiling, anaerobic microbiology, and whole genome analysis. Oral bacteria, including F. nucleatum and Leptotrichia, were significantly more abundant in the tumour microbiomes. We obtained 53 Fusobacterium genomes, representing 26 strains, from the saliva, tumour and non-tumour tissues of six CRC patients. Isolates from the gut belonged to diverse F. nucleatum subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, vincentii, polymorphum) and a potential new subspecies of Fusobacterium periodonticum. The Fusobacterium population within each individual was distinct and in some cases diverse, with minimal intra-clonal variation. Phylogenetic analyses showed that within four individuals, tumour-associated Fusobacterium were clonal to those isolated from non-tumour tissues. Genes encoding major virulence factors (Fap2 and RadD) showed evidence of horizontal gene transfer. Our work provides a framework to understand the genomic diversity of Fusobacterium within the CRC patients, which can be exploited for the development of CRC diagnostic and therapeutic options targeting this oncobacterium.

Soluble programmed death-1 ligand (sPD-L1) in the serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is a crucial factor in disease prognosis and an indicator for immunotherapy response. This study aimed to evaluate changes in sPD-L1 levels in advanced NSCLC patients. Between May 2018 and October 2022, 80 patients with advanced-stage NSCLC and 30 healthy volunteers participated in a prospective study. The findings revealed a significant rise in sPD-L1 concentration in the lung cancer group compared to the normal control group (1.08 vs. 0.42, < 0.001). No apparent correlation was found between sPD-L1 concentration and membrane-bound programmed death-1 ligand (mPD-L1) expression. The optimal diagnostic threshold for sPD-L1 was set at 0.92 ng/mL, showing a sensitivity of 56.25% and specificity of 77.33%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.743 ( = 0.001). Although increased sPD-L1 levels were prevalent in individuals with advanced age, prolonged disease duration, large tumor size, and finger clubbing, these associations did not reach statistical significance ( > 0.05). In conclusion, sPD-L1 levels significantly increased in advanced NSCLC patients compared to controls ( < 0.05), with no association observed with mPD-L1 ( = 0.304). The study suggests that sPD-L1 concentration can be a specific biomarker for guiding the diagnosis of advanced NSCLC, with a recommended cutoff value of 0.92 ng/mL, demonstrating a sensitivity of 56.25% and specificity of 77.33% ( = 0.001). Importantly, no apparent relationship was established between sPD-L1 levels and clinical or paraclinical characteristics in advanced NSCLC patients.

Background Tetanus remains common in many low- and middle-income countries, but as critical care services improve, mortality from tetanus is improving. Nevertheless, patients develop severe syndromes associated with autonomic nervous system disturbance (ANSD) and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). Understanding factors associated with worse outcome in such settings is important to direct interventions. In this study, we investigate risk factors for disease severity and long-term physical outcome in adults with tetanus admitted to a Vietnamese intensive care unit. Methods Clinical and demographic variables were collected prospectively from 180 adults with tetanus. Physical function component scores (PCS), calculated from Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), were assessed in 79 patients at hospital discharge, 3 and 6 months post discharge. Results Age, temperature, heart rate, lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and shorter time from first symptom to admission were associated with MV (OR 1.03 [ 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.05], p = 0.04; OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.03, 4.60], p = 0.04; OR 1.04 [ 95% CI 1.01, 1.07], p = 0.02); OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.66, 0.94], p = 0.02 and OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.52, 0.79, p < 0.001, respectively). Heart rate, SpO 2 and time from first symptom to admission were associated with ANSD (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01, 1.06], p < 0.01; OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.9, 1.00], p = 0.04 and OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.48, 0.80], p < 0.01, respectively). Median [interquartile range] PCS at hospital discharge, 3 and 6 months were 32.37 [24.95–41.57, 53.0 [41.6–56.3] and 54.8 [51.6–57.3], respectively. Age, female sex, admission systolic blood pressure, admission SpO 2 , MV, ANSD, midazolam requirement, hospital-acquired infection, pressure ulcer and duration of ICU and hospital stay were associated with reduced 0.25 quantile PCS at 6 months after hospital discharge. Conclusions MV and ANSD may be suitable endpoints for future research. Risk factors for reduced physical function at 3 months and 6 months post discharge suggest that modifiable features during hospital management are important determinants of long-term outcome.