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The World Health Organisation recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months after childbirth. However, since breastfeeding is influenced by cultural practice, it differs between migrant mothers and nonmigrant mothers. This systematic review examined migrant mothers' perceptions and experiences impacting achievement of exclusive breastfeeding after immigration from a low‐middle‐income country to a high‐income country. CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Emcare were searched for qualitative studies published from 2010 to August 2022. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. We used meta‐ethnographic synthesis to identify overarching themes, resulting in five themes: Migrant mothers (1) ‘recognised the differences in breastfeeding practice between their home and host country’. During acculturation, mothers modify or stick to their breastfeeding practice in their host country based on their (2) ‘breastfeeding knowledge’ by combining their (3) ‘original ethnic identity’ with the (4) ‘influence of family members, healthcare workers, infants, peers and workplace’. Although they face barriers, their (5) ‘autonomy’ motivated them to continue breastfeeding in a country where the breastfeeding norm differs from where they come from. Intrapersonal and interpersonal socio‐ecological factors played a significant role in their breastfeeding practice in the host country. Findings indicate public health policy and practice to support breastfeeding for migrant women in high‐income countries can be improved, particularly by emphasising the importance of providing affirmative, comprehensive and practical support from healthcare professionals. Migrant mothers from low‐ and middle‐income countries face a range of intrapersonal and interpersonal challenges when attempting to exclusively breastfeed in their new high‐income host country. Public health policy and practice must be improved to better support these women, including provision of affirmative, comprehensive and practical support from healthcare professionals. Key messages Migrant mothers recognised less support and an unfriendly breastfeeding atmosphere in the migrated country. Healthcare workers are important and expected professional support for migrant mothers in promoting successful exclusive breastfeeding practice Migrant mothers' husbands, partners and family members influence their breastfeeding practice significantly and would help to improve its duration of continuation and exclusivity. The autonomy of migrant mothers plays an important role in enabling them to overcome conflicts that arise between them and others and sustain exclusive breastfeeding. Affirmative and trustful relationships with healthcare workers and interactive communication are important factors to consider in meeting migrant mothers' diverse individual needs.

Australia's summer bushfires of 2019-20 were a reminder that animals are increasingly exposed to risks from changing climate conditions. In Australia, differing organisational approaches to managing owned animals in disasters can lead to different welfare and safety outcomes for animals and the people responsible for them. The need for consistency was reinforced by recent Australian royal commission findings. In 2014, the Australia-New Zealand Emergency Management Committee endorsed the National Planning Principles for Animals in Disasters, a tool supporting best practice in emergency planning and policy for animal welfare. This study examines current planning for animals in disasters in relation to the principles and describes their implementation in the Australian context. A national survey of organisation representatives with a stake in animal management in disasters (n=137) and addressing the national principles implementation was conducted from July to October 2020. Findings show moderate awareness of the principles by respondents and low to moderate implementation of these in planning processes and arrangements for animal welfare. Implementation of specific principles is described from the perspectives of stakeholders. Greater awareness of the national principles and attention to specific principles promotes consistency in animal welfare planning arrangements.

This article examines how human-animal connections influence risk perception and behaviour in companion animal guardians exposed to bushfire threat in Australia. Although the objective role of psychological bonds with companion animals is well accepted by researchers, subjective interpretations of these bonds by animal guardians are relatively underexamined in this context. We argue that the ways in which connections with pets and other animals are represented influences different forms of safety-risk perception and behaviour when managing animals’ safety in the face of disaster threat. Thematic analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with South Australian residents in bushfire-affected areas supported the role of the human-animal bond in shaping risk perception, and influencing engagement in risk-behaviour. Influential factors included animals’ “life value,” “relative versus absolute” risk framing, the “constellation of bonds,” and “action paralysis” when facing threat. Implications for future research in decision-making and risk propensities of animal guardians facing disaster threat alongside their pets are then discussed.

Human sleeping arrangements have evolved over time and differ across cultures. The majority of adults share their bed at one time or another with a partner or child, and many also sleep with pets. In fact, around half of dog and cat owners report sharing a bed or bedroom with their pet(s). However, interspecies co-sleeping has been trivialized in the literature relative to interpersonal or human-human co-sleeping, receiving little attention from an interdisciplinary psychological perspective. In this paper, we provide a historical outline of the “civilizing process” that has led to current sociocultural conceptions of sleep as an individual, private function crucial for the functioning of society and the health of individuals. We identify similar historical processes at work in the formation of contemporary constructions of socially normative sleeping arrangements for humans and animals. Importantly, since previous examinations of co-sleeping practices have anthropocentrically framed this topic, the result is an incomplete understanding of co-sleeping practices. By using dogs as an exemplar of human-animal co-sleeping, and comparing human-canine sleeping with adult-child co-sleeping, we determine that both forms of co-sleeping share common factors for establishment and maintenance, and often result in similar benefits and drawbacks. We propose that human-animal and adult-child co-sleeping should be approached as legitimate and socially relevant forms of co-sleeping, and we recommend that co-sleeping be approached broadly as a social practice involving relations with humans and other animals. Because our proposition is speculative and derived from canine-centric data, we recommend ongoing theoretical refinement grounded in empirical research addressing co-sleeping between humans and multiple animal species.

ObjectivesThere are large and growing communities of Chinese, Vietnamese and Arab populations within many high-income countries, including Australia. These populations experience disproportionately higher rates of tobacco smoking. Cessation strategies are required that acknowledge the cultural factors shaping smoking behaviours. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence for smoking cessation interventions among Chinese, Vietnamese and Arab people, including outcomes and cultural considerations.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWe searched five electronic databases for peer-reviewed literature (CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus). Relevant grey literature was sourced from research and health organisations, and community cultural organisations.Eligibility criteriaEnglish-language studies of tobacco cessation interventions with Chinese-speaking, Vietnamese-speaking or Arabic-speaking participants conducted in Australia, the USA, Canada, the UK or New Zealand between 2013 and 2025.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently screened for eligible studies and, if included, assessed risk of bias using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.ResultsWe identified 23 studies describing 15 intervention types, with written resources most highly featured. Promising category evidence was found for nine intervention types with Chinese people (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving others, providing nicotine replacement therapy, intervention branded merchandise, mobile messaging and telephone follow-up), as well as counselling with Arab people, and telephone follow-up with Vietnamese people. A variety of cultural considerations were addressed in the interventions, most commonly language barriers as well as the use of co-design and community participation.ConclusionsSmoking cessation interventions with Chinese people were strongly supported, with less evidence for interventions with Vietnamese and Arabic people. Education-focused interventions were particularly effective, addressing low baseline knowledge underpinning smoking. Language barriers to smoking cessation were addressed through primary language supports. Further research is needed on effective smoking cessation intervention types with Arab and Vietnamese people.

Increased vulnerability to natural disasters has been associated with particular groups in the community. This includes those who are considered de facto vulnerable (children, older people, those with disabilities etc.) and those who own pets (not to mention pets themselves). The potential for reconfiguring pet ownership from a risk factor to a protective factor for natural disaster survival has been recently proposed. But how might this resilience-building proposition apply to vulnerable members of the community who own pets or other animals? This article addresses this important question by synthesizing information about what makes particular groups vulnerable, the challenges to increasing their resilience and how animals figure in their lives. Despite different vulnerabilities, animals were found to be important to the disaster resilience of seven vulnerable groups in Australia. Animal attachment and animal-related activities and networks are identified as underexplored devices for disseminating or ‘piggybacking’ disaster-related information and engaging vulnerable people in resilience building behaviors (in addition to including animals in disaster planning initiatives in general). Animals may provide the kind of innovative approach required to overcome the challenges in accessing and engaging vulnerable groups. As the survival of humans and animals are so often intertwined, the benefits of increasing the resilience of vulnerable communities through animal attachment is twofold: human and animal lives can be saved together.

Effective preparedness is often communicated as physical actions such as having a survival plan and an emergency kit or reinforcing, moving and clearing property. However, the physiological responses to an overwhelming threat can disrupt the best-laid preparations and plans. Psychological and emotional preparedness during the response phase of a disaster helps identify and manage fear to reduce the impacts on cognitive and behavioural functioning. Rates of psychological and emotional preparedness are generally lower than for physical preparedness. This presents particular challenges when communicating this type of risk. This paper reports on qualitative research with residents and agencies in South-East Queensland about what psychological and emotional preparedness means to them, what prevents people from engaging with this type of risk and how best to communicate it.

The account selectively compiles and amplifies both contemporary (figure 1a,b,c) and archival imagery (figure 1d) of cigfluencers, framing smoking as rebellious, glamorous and culturally nostalgic.2 This reflects a continuation of long-established tobacco industry marketing strategies that have historically used third-party endorsements and leveraged sex appeal and social status to promote cigarettes to young people.1 3 @cigfluencer has also consistently positioned itself against vaping (figure 1e), which may also reflect efforts to shape public perception to benefit tobacco industry interests.4 This pattern mirrors broader industry strategies observed in markets like Japan, where tobacco companies have successfully advocated for heated tobacco products while supporting e-cigarette bans.5 Figure 1. (a) Spanish singer, songwriter and producer, Rosalia is seen presenting British singer and songwriter, Charli XCX with a floral bouquet made of cigarettes at her birthday bash, evoking themes of glamour with rebellion. Meta platforms prohibit paid tobacco advertising and sponsored tobacco content for users of any age,6 but contain a major loophole that permits brick and mortar store, legitimate websites or brands to post tobacco-related content via Facebook Pages or Group.7 Violations of platform policies are common, with 61% of young people aged 12–17 years old reporting being exposed to tobacco-related content on social media in 2021.8 Furthermore, unpaid or organic-appearing tobacco content remains largely unregulated, even though both forms can effectively promote tobacco use.7 This means that young people can be exposed to organic tobacco-related content posted by celebrities and influencers, regardless of their intent. Disclaimer The funders had no role in the conceptualisation, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

IntroductionTobacco endgame strategy includes policies to end the tobacco epidemic. As tobacco smoking prevalence is higher among people with mental health conditions (MHC), understanding the impact of rigorous tobacco control strategies for this group is critical. This study examined support for five tobacco control strategies among people with MHCs: increasing tobacco product tax, reducing tobacco retail locations, ending tobacco sales in alcohol-licensed venues, limiting retailers to one tobacco point of sale and reduced nicotine in smoked tobacco.MethodsCross-sectional surveying of a representative sample of 3006 South Australians in 2021 aged ≥15 years included demographic, tobacco control strategy, smoking status and mental health indicators. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the influence of mental health on strategy support.ResultsSupport was high for all tobacco control strategies, highest for reducing nicotine content (80.4%) and lowest for increasing tobacco tax (67.2%). Support for increased tobacco tax was lower among people with MHCs than for those without by 7.8% (aged 18+ years) to 9.5% (aged 15+ years). People who smoked had significantly lower support for all strategies, and smoking status and MHC did not interact in influencing support.ConclusionsSupport for tax-focused strategies was lower among people with MHCs. Retail and product-focused strategies may support equity in public acceptability of tobacco control action. Policy-makers must aim to maximise tobacco endgame support from populations most impacted by tobacco harms when implementing tobacco control strategies. Tax-focused approaches might be enhanced with consultation and advocacy for people with MHCs.

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine the impacts of key barriers to improving the occupational health status of Australian train drivers. METHODS:From May to June, 2015, five semi-structured qualitative focus groups were conducted with 29 train drivers from South Australian, Victorian, and New South Wales-based rail organizations in Australia. RESULTS:Occupational health was impeded by multiple barriers regarding sleep (patterns/fatigue), diet (planning/context), mental health (occupational stress), rostering (low autonomy), sedentary time, low fitness motivation, and family/social life conflicts. Work organizational barriers included communication issues, low organizational support, and existing social norms. Job design barriers included rostering, fatigue, stimulant reliance, and family/social life imbalances. Self-regulatory barriers included dietary and exercise patterns habits and patterns. CONCLUSIONS:Occupational health interventions for Australian train drivers must address work organizational, job design, and self-regulatory barriers to healthier lifestyle behaviors.