Explore the vast range of titles available.

Decarbonizing global steel production requires a fundamental transformation. A sectoral climate club, which goes beyond tariffs and involves deep transnational cooperation, can facilitate this transformation by addressing technical, economic and political uncertainties.

The Paris Agreement introduces long-term strategies as an instrument to inform progressively more ambitious emission reduction objectives, while holding development goals paramount in the context of national circumstances. In the lead up to the twenty-first Conference of the Parties, the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project developed mid-century low-emission pathways for 16 countries, based on an innovative pathway design framework. In this Perspective, we describe this framework and show how it can support the development of sectorally and technologically detailed, policy-relevant and country-driven strategies consistent with the Paris Agreement climate goal. We also discuss how this framework can be used to engage stakeholder input and buy-in; design implementation policy packages; reveal necessary technological, financial and institutional enabling conditions; and support global stocktaking and increasing of ambition.The Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project develops a framework to design low-emission development pathways. This Perspective discusses the framework and how it can support the development of national strategies to meet climate targets, as well as help achieve stakeholder engagement.

In 2021, direct emissions from the industry sector made up about 21% of global emissions. The steel industry alone is responsible for 7% of the global energy-related CO2 emissions, including industrial process emissions. The primary production of crude steel is a high-temperature process that includes the reduction of iron ore to iron and the further processing of iron to crude steel. The current state of the art in primary crude steel production relies on the use of fossil fuels, both as a reducing agent and for direct energy use. However, several CO2 emission reduction options for the steel sector are emerging, including increased recycling and material efficiency, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore. The latter process has been the subject of numerous project announcements, including first investment decisions by major steel companies in Europe. This technology requires (green) hydrogen to reduce iron ore to Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), with few to no associated CO2 emissions. It is anticipated that this process will play a pivotal role in the global steel transformation.

South Africa's days of cheap electricity are over. Since the 2008 blackouts, Eskom's request was approved for a 25 percent increase a year until 2013, mainly to upgrade the supply-side of the grid. This amounts to a doubling of the cost of electricity in real terms in 2008 prices. The plan calls for an unambitious 3 420MW reduction in demand, although this, in the Integrated Resource Plan's words, may only \"scratch the surface\" of the full reduction potential of 12 933MW. Another clue is that over a 40-year lifespan, if Kusile is run at rated capacity, R168bn worth of coal would be burned - that's 840 million tons of coal, calculated at a coal price of R200/ton. Vested interests would be on the receiving end of this R308bn bonanza.