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Star destroyers : big ships blowing things up
\"In space, size matters. Boomers. Ships of the Line. Star Destroyers. The bigger the ship, the better the bang. From the dawn of history onward, commanding the most powerful ship around has been a dream of admirals, sultans, emperors, kings, generalissimos, and sea captains everywhere. For what the intimidation factor alone doesn't achieve, a massive barrage from super-weapons probably will. Thus it was, and ever shall be, even into the distant future. From the oceans of Earth, to beneath the ice of Europa, to the distant reaches of galactic empires, it is the great warships and their crews that sometimes keep civilization safe for the rest of us -- but sometimes become an extinction-level event in and of themselves\"--Back cover.
Book
GenAI-Assisted Data Science Course to Promote GenAI Literacy for Non-Computing Students
Given the emergence of GenAI, students should develop GenAI literacy to promote its benefits and mitigate its drawbacks. However, many studies focus on enhancing their learning experience with GenAI, not understanding GenAI literacy. Two studies are dedicated to GenAI literacy, but they either require additional sessions or focus on overly specific tasks. We integrate GenAI into a data science course and its assessments to specifically promote GenAI literacy for non-computing students. The course design expects students to learn from their direct experience with GenAI, especially regarding GenAI usability, reliability, ethics, and privacy. Students are encouraged to use and acknowledge GenAI for some assessments and to align GenAI-generated programs to their own styles. Our evaluation involving 113 students showed that the course design might help students to understand GenAI characteristics and change their behaviour. Students are unlikely to be involved in GenAI misuse. Further, they align GenAI-generated programs and acknowledge their use. From the educational viewpoint, students could also achieve the course learning objectives.
Journal Article
Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to +2 °C (SWAIS 2C)
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) presently holds enough ice to raise global sea level by 4.3 m if completely melted. The unknown response of the WAIS to future warming remains a significant challenge for numerical models in quantifying predictions of future sea level rise. Sea level rise is one of the clearest planet-wide signals of human-induced climate change. The Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a Warming of 2 ∘C (SWAIS 2C) Project aims to understand past and current drivers and thresholds of WAIS dynamics to improve projections of the rate and size of ice sheet changes under a range of elevated greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere as well as the associated average global temperature scenarios to and beyond the +2 ∘C target of the Paris Climate Agreement. Despite efforts through previous land and ship-based drilling on and along the Antarctic margin, unequivocal evidence of major WAIS retreat or collapse and its causes has remained elusive. To evaluate and plan for the interdisciplinary scientific opportunities and engineering challenges that an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project along the Siple coast near the grounding zone of the WAIS could offer (Fig. 1), researchers, engineers, and logistics providers representing 10 countries held a virtual workshop in October 2020. This international partnership comprised of geologists, glaciologists, oceanographers, geophysicists, microbiologists, climate and ice sheet modelers, and engineers outlined specific research objectives and logistical challenges associated with the recovery of Neogene and Quaternary geological records from the West Antarctic interior adjacent to the Kamb Ice Stream and at Crary Ice Rise. New geophysical surveys at these locations have identified drilling targets in which new drilling technologies will allow for the recovery of up to 200 m of sediments beneath the ice sheet. Sub-ice-shelf records have so far proven difficult to obtain but are critical to better constrain marine ice sheet sensitivity to past and future increases in global mean surface temperature up to 2 ∘C above pre-industrial levels. Thus, the scientific and technological advances developed through this program will enable us to test whether WAIS collapsed during past intervals of warmth and determine its sensitivity to a +2 ∘C global warming threshold (UNFCCC, 2015).
Journal Article
Developing an understanding of results-based management through public value theory
Purpose - This article aims to report on research undertaken to assess the utility of public value theory in understanding results-based management from the perception of public sector executives in Canada.Design methodology approach - The research was carried out using a case study approach. Within the case study, the primary data source was 16 interviews with executives leading to the development of a framework integrating public value and results-based management.Findings - The findings are presented through the elements of public value theory, as well as findings which fall outside of the explanatory powers of this theory. A framework integrating results-based management and public value is presented.Research limitations implications - The framework must be viewed as an initial study exploring an under-researched field. The paper focuses on one case study although the interviews within the case study were extensive and it took an interpretative approach, allowing the findings to emerge.Originality value - The article reports on empirical research that examined this issue from the perspective of executives. It will engage public value theory in developing an understanding of executive managers' perceptions, behaviours, and responses to changes introduced by results-based management.
Journal Article
The Application of U-shaped Line Balancing at Furniture Manufacturing
Setting the number of operators in a production line is very important because it affects the production line's ability to achieve production targets. In the manufacturing industry with make-to-stock (MTS) production with several production lines, operators are often moved from certain production lines to production lines that require more operators. One of the reasons for the need for increasing operators in the production line is the approaching orders due date. This problem was faced by a furniture manufacturing in Indonesia which had imprecise number of operators arrangements and task assignments so that implicated to unachieved production target. This research applied U-shaped line balancing to increase the line efficiency to meet the production target. The research data were collected from direct observation on the actual production line and also from company documents. The methods used in the U-shaped line balancing were maximum ranked positional weight, maximum total number of follower tasks, minimum total number of follower tasks, maximum task time, and minimum task time. The highest line efficiency was obtained by the maximum ranked positional weight method which was 84.08%, increased by 24.37% from the actual one. Besides, the required operators were reduced from 15 to 10 persons with a production capacity of 76,688 units in 12 weeks.
Conference Proceeding
Mind the gap, please
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of public value theory in understanding executive adaptation of results-based management within a public sector environment. Design/methodology/approach - An exploratory case study design was performed in three separate sectors of the Canadian federal government. The key research data consisted of 79 executive interviews. Findings - The research found that the elements of public value theory contribute to an increased understanding of the constraints in adopting results-based management. However, the research concluded that the components of public value theory, service, outcomes and trust, do not have an equal weight in their contribution to increased understanding. The research found that greater managerial control and influence over programme outcomes supported stronger acceptance of results-based management. Research limitations/implications - This paper examines three areas of the Canadian public sector based on qualitative case studies. Thus, the findings, while noting strong replication between case studies, represent analytical not statistical generalizations. Practical implications - The paper demonstrates conceptual issues underlying the implementation of results-based management within the public sector. Originality/value - This research examines and assesses how public sector executives have responded to changes introduced by results-based management, through the perspectives of executive public servants themselves. In seeking greater understanding of the underlying drivers of results-based management adaptation, this paper investigates the theoretical contribution of public value theory in assessing the executive behaviour. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
\Mind the gap, please\
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of public value theory in understanding executive adaptation of results-based management within a public sector environment.Design methodology approach - An exploratory case study design was performed in three separate sectors of the Canadian federal government. The key research data consisted of 79 executive interviews.Findings - The research found that the elements of public value theory contribute to an increased understanding of the constraints in adopting results-based management. However, the research concluded that the components of public value theory, service, outcomes and trust, do not have an equal weight in their contribution to increased understanding. The research found that greater managerial control and influence over programme outcomes supported stronger acceptance of results-based management.Research limitations implications - This paper examines three areas of the Canadian public sector based on qualitative case studies. Thus, the findings, while noting strong replication between case studies, represent analytical not statistical generalizations.Practical implications - The paper demonstrates conceptual issues underlying the implementation of results-based management within the public sector.Originality value - This research examines and assesses how public sector executives have responded to changes introduced by results-based management, through the perspectives of executive public servants themselves. In seeking greater understanding of the underlying drivers of results-based management adaptation, this paper investigates the theoretical contribution of public value theory in assessing the executive behaviour.
Journal Article
Developing an understanding of resultsbased management through public value theory
Purpose This article aims to report on research undertaken to assess the utility of public value theory in understanding resultsbased management from the perception of public sector executives in Canada. Designmethodologyapproach The research was carried out using a case study approach. Within the case study, the primary data source was 16 interviews with executives leading to the development of a framework integrating public value and resultsbased management. Findings The findings are presented through the elements of public value theory, as well as findings which fall outside of the explanatory powers of this theory. A framework integrating resultsbased management and public value is presented. Research limitationsimplications The framework must be viewed as an initial study exploring an underresearched field. The paper focuses on one case study although the interviews within the case study were extensive and it took an interpretative approach, allowing the findings to emerge. Originalityvalue The article reports on empirical research that examined this issue from the perspective of executives. It will engage public value theory in developing an understanding of executive managers' perceptions, behaviours, and responses to changes introduced by resultsbased management.
Journal Article
Mating in the absence of fertilization promotes a growth-reproduction versus lifespan trade-off in female mice
Trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and lifespan constrain animal life histories, leading to evolutionary diversification of life history cycles in different environments. In female mammals, gestation and lactation are expected to impose the major costs of reproduction, driving reproductive trade-offs, although mating also requires interactions with males that could themselves influence life history. Here we show that a male’s presence by itself leads to lifelong alterations in life history in female mice. Housing C57BL/6J female mice with sterilized males early in life led to an increase in body weight, an effect that persisted across life even when females were later allowed to produce pups. We found that those females previously housed with sterile males also showed enhanced late-life offspring production when allowed to reproduce, indicating that earlier mating can influence subsequent fecundity. This effect was the opposite to that seen in females previously housed with intact males, which showed the expected trade-off between early-life and late-life reproduction. However, housing with a sterile male early in life came at a cost to lifespan, which was observed in the absence of females ever undergoing fertilization. Endocrinologically, mating also permanently reduced the concentration of circulating prolactin, a pituitary hormone influencing maternal care. Changes in hormone axes that influence reproduction could therefore help alter life history allocation in response to opposite-sex stimuli. Our results demonstrate that mating itself can increase growth and subsequent fecundity in mammals, and that responses to sexual stimuli could account for some lifespan trade-offs normally attributed to pregnancy and lactation.
Journal Article
Single versus multiple and incidental versus symptomatic subsegmental pulmonary embolism: clinical characteristics and outcome
It remains unexplored if the clinical picture and outcome of subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) differ between single versus multiple, and incidental versus symptomatic embolism. Consecutive patients anticoagulated for SSPE at the Mayo Thrombophilia Clinic (03/01/2013–12/31/2020) were followed forward to assess venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, mortality, major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB); expressed as a rate per 100 person-years. Among 3878 VTE patients, 1541 had pulmonary embolism including 224 (14.6%) with SSPE either single (n = 139) or multiple (n = 85; 46 bilateral and 39 unilateral emboli); 134 had incidental and 90 symptomatic SSPE. Patients with single were less often symptomatic and less often had coexisting DVT than multiple SSPE. Patients with incidental had a two-fold higher frequency of cancer compared to symptomatic SSPE. During the study period, 1 patient with single and 2 with multiple SSPE had VTE recurrence (rate of 1.14 vs 3.63, p = 0.280). Single SSPE patients experienced 2 episodes of major bleeding (rate of 2.36) while the multiple SSPE group had no major bleeding. Seven patients in each group had CRNMB events (rate of 8.20 vs 13.58 for single and multiple SSPE, respectively, p = 0.282). Patients with single SSPE had a higher death rate compared to multiple SSPE (43.07 vs 22.22, p = 0.031) but no difference was noted after adjusting for cancer (p = 0.388). Also, incidental had similar clinical outcomes to symptomatic SSPE.Interpretation Anticoagulated SSPE patients with single and multiple as well as incidental and symptomatic have a different clinical profile but similar clinical outcomes.
Journal Article